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盡管在(zai)收官(guan)之年遇到新(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫情的(de)(de)影響，但(dan)黨(dang)的(de)(de)十(shi)九(jiu)大(da)做出(chu)部署的(de)(de)脫貧攻堅(jian)，仍會(hui)在(zai)全(quan)國上下的(de)(de)共同努(nu)力(li)(li)下交出(chu)滿(man)意的(de)(de)答卷。隨著全(quan)面(mian)建成小康(kang)社會(hui)和(he)脫貧攻堅(jian)目(mu)標的(de)(de)實(shi)現，我(wo)國“三農(nong)”工作(zuo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點將(jiang)轉移到全(quan)面(mian)推進鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)上。站在(zai)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)實(shi)施推進的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)起點，擺在(zai)能源(yuan)行業(ye)面(mian)前的(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)時代課題(ti)，是(shi)如何保持在(zai)脫貧攻堅(jian)中的(de)(de)好勢頭，繼續探索(suo)鄉(xiang)村(cun)能源(yuan)振興的(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)之路。農(nong)村(cun)能源(yuan)是(shi)滿(man)足(zu)農(nong)民生活、發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)生產、改善農(nong)村(cun)環境的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)保障，將(jiang)在(zai)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)中做出(chu)全(quan)面(mian)貢獻。研究小組認(ren)為，農(nong)村(cun)能源(yuan)為農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)社會(hui)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)所(suo)發(fa)揮的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)，不僅會(hui)有全(quan)面(mian)性的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塑(su)功能，也會(hui)有“乘數效應”乃至“指(zhi)數效應”的(de)(de)迭代賦能。想象(xiang)空間很大(da)，實(shi)踐挑(tiao)戰(zhan)巨大(da)，本研究旨在(zai)以此起到破題(ti)作(zuo)用(yong)，并期望引起業(ye)界更多的(de)(de)關注，群(qun)策群(qun)力(li)(li)，集思(si)廣益。

農村能源在脫貧攻堅中發揮關鍵作用，在鄉村振興戰略中發揮決定性作用

農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)與農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)民(min)發展(zhan)相輔(fu)相成，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興提供堅實的(de)物質(zhi)基礎(chu)，鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興戰略的(de)實施將(jiang)推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)發生根本性(xing)變革。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)在當前脫(tuo)貧(pin)攻堅中取得了顯著成就，在能(neng)源(yuan)綜合(he)利用促進農(nong)(nong)業提質(zhi)增效(xiao)和農(nong)(nong)民(min)脫(tuo)貧(pin)致富中發揮了重(zhong)要作用。貧(pin)困地區群眾用電難等問(wen)題普遍解決，農(nong)(nong)網(wang)供電可(ke)靠率達到(dao)99.8%；能(neng)源(yuan)精準扶貧(pin)工程普遍實施，產業扶貧(pin)、電商扶貧(pin)、光伏扶貧(pin)、生物質(zhi)能(neng)扶貧(pin)等全(quan)(quan)面推進，改善農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎(chu)設施建(jian)設、增加(jia)農(nong)(nong)民(min)就業、增強農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地區造(zao)血能(neng)力效(xiao)果顯著。在全(quan)(quan)面開展(zhan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興戰略的(de)新(xin)階段(duan)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)作為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)著力點，將(jiang)為(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興戰略做(zuo)出全(quan)(quan)面貢獻。

一是鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)體現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質要(yao)求(qiu)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)契合農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質量的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)方向。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十八大(da)(da)以(yi)來，習(xi)近平(ping)總書記多次提(ti)出“三(san)農(nong)(nong)”問題的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)，特別強調“沒有(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，就沒有(you)整個國家現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)”。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十九大(da)(da)報告明確提(ti)出實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)，加快推進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，總要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)：“產業(ye)興(xing)旺、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態宜居(ju)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風文明、治(zhi)理(li)有(you)效、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富裕”，圍(wei)繞(rao)農(nong)(nong)民穩(wen)定增收和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)面振(zhen)興(xing)，針(zhen)對農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)、公共服務、環境治(zhi)理(li)等薄(bo)弱環節做(zuo)出了(le)(le)重(zhong)大(da)(da)部署。“產業(ye)興(xing)旺”要(yao)求(qiu)加強農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)，提(ti)升能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應效率(lv)和(he)安全(quan)穩(wen)定，以(yi)適應現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產方式的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給形式滿(man)足鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需求(qiu)。“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態宜居(ju)”要(yao)求(qiu)優(you)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結構，加強農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)清潔(jie)(jie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效利用，推動清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)開發和(he)利用，減少(shao)環境污染，優(you)化(hua)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)環境。“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富裕”要(yao)求(qiu)將農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)與增加農(nong)(nong)民收入、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)質量水平(ping)有(you)機結合，降低農(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)，提(ti)升能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應品質。經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)基(ji)礎決定上(shang)層建(jian)筑(zhu),上(shang)層建(jian)筑(zhu)反(fan)(fan)作(zuo)用于經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)基(ji)礎，發展(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗研究表明基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效供(gong)給必須要(yao)以(yi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)政治(zhi)文明、成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)社會治(zhi)理(li)水平(ping)為(wei)條(tiao)件，“鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風文明、治(zhi)理(li)有(you)效”能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠反(fan)(fan)過來促進農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效供(gong)給和(he)完善，推動農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)質量的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

二是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振興的(de)戰略(lve)性物質(zhi)基礎(chu)與動力(li)(li)基礎(chu)，將(jiang)發(fa)揮全面(mian)激發(fa)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)展活(huo)(huo)力(li)(li)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)提(ti)(ti)供必要(yao)的(de)基礎(chu)設施(shi)和生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)要(yao)素(su)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展的(de)邊(bian)際(ji)效應(ying)(ying)和帶(dai)動作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)將(jiang)極大激發(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)發(fa)展活(huo)(huo)力(li)(li)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)帶(dai)來新的(de)經濟(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)點。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地區具有豐(feng)富的(de)可(ke)(ke)就(jiu)近利(li)用(yong)的(de)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物秸稈、林(lin)業(ye)(ye)廢料、畜禽糞便等生(sheng)物質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)適合壓縮成(cheng)型固體燃料、規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)制作(zuo)(zuo)沼氣，太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、水能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、地熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)適合發(fa)展小型光伏(fu)(fu)、小型風電(dian)、微(wei)型水電(dian)。我(wo)國僅生(sheng)物質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)轉換為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)潛力(li)(li)超過4.6億(yi)(yi)噸(dun)標(biao)煤，目(mu)前(qian)利(li)用(yong)率不足(zu)10%，分布式光伏(fu)(fu)、分散式風電(dian)可(ke)(ke)開(kai)發(fa)潛力(li)(li)分別超過15億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦和1億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦[]。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需求(qiu)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)前(qian)景廣闊。目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)量約5.92億(yi)(yi)噸(dun)標(biao)煤，結(jie)構仍以煤炭為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。隨著農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)機(ji)械化(hua)(hua)，近年(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林(lin)牧漁業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)增(zeng)(zeng)速逐年(nian)(nian)提(ti)(ti)升達到(dao)(dao)5%，高(gao)于(yu)3%左(zuo)右的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)總量增(zeng)(zeng)速。鄉鎮企業(ye)(ye)蓬(peng)勃(bo)發(fa)展和家(jia)用(yong)電(dian)器廣泛普及，也將(jiang)進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)二、三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)和生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)投(tou)入邊(bian)際(ji)效應(ying)(ying)和帶(dai)動作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)明(ming)顯。一方(fang)面(mian)，以新一輪農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)網改造升級來看，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)力(li)(li)設施(shi)進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)完善，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)電(dian)氣化(hua)(hua)和電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)，擴大有效投(tou)資(zi)及帶(dai)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)費(fei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)顯著，2018年(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)用(yong)電(dian)量達到(dao)(dao)2.46億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時，較2015年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)30%，全國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶固定資(zi)產(chan)(chan)投(tou)資(zi)比(bi)上一年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.1%，同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9個百分點；另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構優化(hua)(hua)升級、可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)和使(shi)用(yong)，將(jiang)拓展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)內(nei)容(rong)，改變生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模式，延長(chang)(chang)(chang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)條，創造新的(de)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)崗位，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)人口就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)，帶(dai)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結(jie)構調整和優化(hua)(hua)升級。

三(san)是(shi)鄉村(cun)振興戰略帶給農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前所未(wei)有的(de)發展(zhan)機遇(yu)，將(jiang)直接影響中(zhong)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)實際進程和(he)最終成效。鄉村(cun)振興戰略將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基礎(chu)(chu)設施建(jian)(jian)設擺(bai)在突出位(wei)置(zhi)，對(dui)優化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給結(jie)構，完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基礎(chu)(chu)設施網絡(luo)，推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費升級，探(tan)索(suo)建(jian)(jian)設農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)示范區做(zuo)出了明確部署。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)迎來了難得的(de)發展(zhan)機遇(yu)，推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)，增加清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給，推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)，擴大清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費，推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)，提升智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)平，推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)制革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)經濟可持(chi)續的(de)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發利用(yong)模(mo)式，實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)清潔、高(gao)效、低碳、綠色、可持(chi)續發展(zhan)，將(jiang)為中(zhong)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)奉獻更多(duo)新(xin)的(de)增長空間和(he)更多(duo)因地(di)制宜的(de)創新(xin)模(mo)式。

鄉村能源的全面振興需要尊重國情因地制宜

鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興是產業、人才、文化、生(sheng)態、組織等(deng)方面的(de)(de)全面振(zhen)興，習近(jin)平總(zong)(zong)書記強調(diao)實(shi)施鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興戰略中要(yao)注(zhu)意處理(li)好(hao)“四個關(guan)系”，既(ji)是擘(bo)畫藍圖、加油鼓勁，又是未雨綢繆、理(li)性部署。實(shi)現(xian)鄉村(cun)能(neng)源的(de)(de)全面振(zhen)興，需要(yao)堅持實(shi)事求是、因地制宜、統籌兼(jian)顧(gu)、有序推進的(de)(de)原則，從總(zong)(zong)量、質量、效率等(deng)方面全面振(zhen)興，建設農村(cun)現(xian)代能(neng)源體(ti)系需要(yao)立足國情(qing)(qing)、農情(qing)(qing)、能(neng)情(qing)(qing)，處理(li)好(hao)四個關(guan)系。

一(yi)是(shi)處理好(hao)長期目標(biao)和短(duan)期目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)關系，根本(ben)在于遵循鄉(xiang)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源振興的(de)(de)(de)客觀規(gui)律。現(xian)(xian)階(jie)段(duan)我國農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源供需仍舊不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)、不(bu)(bu)充(chong)分，且利用方(fang)式粗放，資源化水(shui)平低，基礎設施薄(bo)弱，供給(gei)能(neng)(neng)力不(bu)(bu)足，農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源發展(zhan)質量提(ti)升需要(yao)一(yi)個長期歷史過程。從長遠來(lai)看，農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向是(shi)構建(jian)清潔低碳、安(an)全高效的(de)(de)(de)農村(cun)現(xian)(xian)代能(neng)(neng)源體系。實現(xian)(xian)長期目標(biao)，需要(yao)科學規(gui)劃農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源，準確洞察“突破口”和“優先序(xu)”，分階(jie)段(duan)明確任(ren)務(wu)從容建(jian)設。現(xian)(xian)階(jie)段(duan)農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)是(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)源安(an)全、優化農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源供給(gei)結構、完善農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源基礎設施、提(ti)升農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源服(fu)務(wu)水(shui)平、助力脫貧攻堅戰和美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun)建(jian)設。

二是處理(li)好(hao)頂層設計(ji)和(he)基層探索的(de)關系，重(zhong)點在(zai)于(yu)因地制(zhi)宜精準(zhun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)鄉村(cun)(cun)能源。農村(cun)(cun)能源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是鄉村(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)部分，必須從大局(ju)著眼堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)全國一盤棋(qi)，豐富完(wan)善頂層設計(ji)，定(ding)規劃、定(ding)目標、定(ding)任務(wu)、定(ding)制(zhi)度(du)。同時(shi)，隨著鄉村(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)實(shi)施(shi)，農村(cun)(cun)形(xing)態和(he)模式演進分化(hua)，自然(ran)、資源和(he)經濟因素差異決(jue)定(ding)了農村(cun)(cun)能源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)走(zou)一條符合(he)地區需求、具有農村(cun)(cun)特(te)色的(de)差異化(hua)道路，在(zai)堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)整體戰(zhan)略(lve)布局(ju)前提下，還應堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)因地制(zhi)宜、合(he)理(li)規劃，倡導基層探索、精準(zhun)施(shi)策(ce)。

三是處理好市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)作(zuo)用和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，關(guan)鍵在(zai)于回歸(gui)(gui)農村(cun)(cun)能源商品(pin)屬(shu)性(xing)，最終發揮市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)性(xing)作(zuo)用。既要(yao)明確(que)農村(cun)(cun)能源的(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)性(xing)，又要(yao)明確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邊界(jie)；既不能全靠政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)補貼救(jiu)濟，也不能市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)萬能論(lun)。農村(cun)(cun)能源具有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公共(gong)服務屬(shu)性(xing)和(he)民生保(bao)障性(xing)質(zhi)，需要(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)做好規劃引導、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策支持(chi)及監管保(bao)障。但農村(cun)(cun)能源同(tong)樣具有(you)商品(pin)屬(shu)性(xing)，只有(you)回歸(gui)(gui)農村(cun)(cun)能源的(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)屬(shu)性(xing)，捋順(shun)價(jia)格形成傳導機制，聯動能源資(zi)源稀缺性(xing)、環境(jing)(jing)成本與用能價(jia)格，充分發揮市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)在(zai)農村(cun)(cun)能源資(zi)源配(pei)置中的(de)(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)性(xing)作(zuo)用，完(wan)善產(chan)權制度和(he)要(yao)素(su)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)配(pei)置，才能促進農村(cun)(cun)能源資(zi)源優勢(shi)和(he)環境(jing)(jing)優勢(shi)轉化(hua)為經濟收益(yi)。

四是處理好(hao)適應發(fa)展階(jie)段和增強群(qun)眾獲得(de)感(gan)的關系，核心在于以農(nong)民(min)(min)為中心，把尊重(zhong)農(nong)民(min)(min)的主(zhu)體地(di)位真正落到實處。農(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展要以滿足(zu)廣大農(nong)民(min)(min)群(qun)眾美好(hao)生活的能(neng)源(yuan)需(xu)求為出發(fa)點和落腳點，圍繞(rao)農(nong)民(min)(min)群(qun)眾最(zui)關心、最(zui)直接、最(zui)現實的利益問題，兼顧(gu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)集體經濟實力(li)、群(qun)眾承受能(neng)力(li)，激發(fa)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)“主(zhu)人翁(weng)”意識，問計于農(nong)民(min)(min)，尊重(zhong)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)生產生活習(xi)慣，建立(li)政府、市場(chang)、村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)多元參與的農(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)格局，切實增強農(nong)民(min)(min)的獲得(de)感(gan)、幸(xing)福感(gan)、安全(quan)感(gan)。

電網企業與能源智庫在鄉村振興中發揮積極作用大有可為

一(yi)(yi)是電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業在(zai)鄉村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)振興中需要發揮主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)作(zuo)用。電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)具有能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)優化(hua)配置(zhi)的(de)中樞核心(xin)優勢，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基礎設施和(he)服(fu)務(wu)相(xiang)對(dui)成(cheng)熟，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業要從(cong)“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”和(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革(ge)命的(de)政治站(zhan)位審視，積極成(cheng)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)行(xing)業主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，推動(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)從(cong)“用好電(dian)(dian)”向“用好能(neng)(neng)”轉(zhuan)變。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業可(ke)“從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)包圍城市”，邁出能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革(ge)命的(de)第一(yi)(yi)步。十九大(da)提出構(gou)建清潔(jie)(jie)低碳、安全高效(xiao)的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)慣性及約束相(xiang)對(dui)小于城市，且資(zi)源(yuan)稟(bing)賦與用能(neng)(neng)特(te)(te)點(dian)適宜“生物質能(neng)(neng)+太陽能(neng)(neng)/風能(neng)(neng)/水能(neng)(neng)”的(de)多能(neng)(neng)互補(bu)清潔(jie)(jie)用能(neng)(neng)模式，可(ke)以成(cheng)為現代能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)先(xian)行(xing)者(zhe)。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)事(shi)業中，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業不僅是大(da)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)延伸、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)升級(ji)改造的(de)執行(xing)者(zhe)，更(geng)應成(cheng)為立足全局的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)引領者(zhe)，真正貫徹落實好以人民(min)為中心(xin)。針(zhen)對(dui)我國邊遠地區(qu)電(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)水平(ping)提高問題，統籌邊遠地區(qu)用電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)需求特(te)(te)點(dian)、投資(zi)運維成(cheng)本(ben)、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)建設條件及難度等(deng)(deng)因(yin)(yin)素，加快推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發利(li)用、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)清潔(jie)(jie)取暖(nuan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)代燃料、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)現代化(hua)等(deng)(deng)工程，“長遠結合、因(yin)(yin)地制宜”的(de)選(xuan)擇農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)用方(fang)案。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，積極推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)建設，推動(dong)(dong)光伏+農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、風電(dian)(dian)+旅(lv)游、水電(dian)(dian)+旅(lv)游等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業發展，拓展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收渠道，有效(xiao)對(dui)接信(xin)(xin)息通信(xin)(xin)、交(jiao)通網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡等(deng)(deng)多種類(lei)型(xing)(xing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，推動(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基礎設施和(he)公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)水平(ping)提升，打造農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)新的(de)經濟(ji)增(zeng)長點(dian)。

二是(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)智庫在鄉村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)振興(xing)中(zhong)大有可(ke)為(wei)。“十四五”時期是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)經濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)轉(zhuan)折時期，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展問題(ti)事關(guan)鄉村(cun)(cun)振興(xing)戰略(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)，事關(guan)“兩個一百(bai)年”目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)。面臨錯綜復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形勢(shi)、觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)轉(zhuan)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰，國(guo)網能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)院作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高端智庫，深化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)符(fu)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)時代要(yao)求，是(shi)(shi)智庫研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)擔(dan)當與(yu)(yu)使(shi)命(ming)(ming)所在，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)解放思(si)想(xiang)，大膽創新(xin)，重新(xin)詮釋電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)新(xin)時代應該(gai)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擔(dan)當作為(wei)，豐(feng)富電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代內涵(han)，從(cong)發(fa)展理(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)、人才隊伍、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式、經驗總結與(yu)(yu)推(tui)廣等方面針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展問題(ti)開展持續、深入(ru)、系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)與(yu)(yu)關(guan)注。理(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)變革(ge)是(shi)(shi)關(guan)鍵，智庫要(yao)轉(zhuan)變對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)認知的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慣性思(si)維和(he)路(lu)(lu)徑依賴，轉(zhuan)變只用(yong)城市電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)力(li)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)和(he)思(si)路(lu)(lu)乃至發(fa)展方式去簡單套用(yong)，從(cong)而(er)真(zhen)正進行一場深刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)維方式革(ge)命(ming)(ming)，加強與(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)學者、基層(ceng)干部、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流，從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)展角度(du)去看待問題(ti)，站(zhan)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)角度(du)去思(si)考問題(ti)，從(cong)而(er)得到(dao)有針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、可(ke)推(tui)廣、有價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)成果(guo)。人才隊伍是(shi)(shi)重要(yao)支撐，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)培養一支熟悉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)展、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)專家人才，真(zhen)正掌握農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“語(yu)言(yan)”。習近(jin)平總書記在決戰決勝脫貧攻(gong)堅座談(tan)會上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)講話中(zhong)，多次(ci)運用(yong)帶有“鄉村(cun)(cun)味(wei)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)，引起廣泛(fan)共鳴。基于我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊國(guo)情，開展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，要(yao)牢(lao)記服務對(dui)(dui)象是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)用(yong)社(she)會大眾和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)聽得懂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)，要(yao)堅持因地(di)制宜(yi)、分(fen)類指導、精(jing)準(zhun)施策(ce)，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)不同區域、不同類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)莊，實(shi)(shi)行分(fen)區分(fen)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)策(ce)略(lve)。通過加強實(shi)(shi)地(di)調研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，總結基層(ceng)經驗，探(tan)索(suo)創新(xin)方式，讓語(yu)言(yan)變得更符(fu)合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)口味(wei)，把研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)工作落到(dao)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)，使(shi)智庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)成果(guo)更接(jie)地(di)氣。（作者：吳鸞鶯 譚雪(xue) 張玥 葉小(xiao)寧(ning) 單位為(wei)國(guo)網能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)院鄉村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)振興(xing)專題(ti)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)小(xiao)組）