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盡管在(zai)(zai)收官之年遇(yu)到新(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺炎疫情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，但黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大(da)(da)做(zuo)出部(bu)署的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫貧攻堅(jian)，仍(reng)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)上(shang)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同努力下(xia)交出滿意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)答卷(juan)。隨著全(quan)面(mian)(mian)建成小(xiao)康社(she)會(hui)(hui)和脫貧攻堅(jian)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實現，我國(guo)“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點將轉移到全(quan)面(mian)(mian)推進(jin)(jin)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興(xing)(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)上(shang)。站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興(xing)(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)實施推進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)起(qi)(qi)點，擺在(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行業(ye)面(mian)(mian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重大(da)(da)時代課題，是如何保持(chi)在(zai)(zai)脫貧攻堅(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好勢頭，繼續探索鄉(xiang)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)振興(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)發展之路。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)是滿足農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民生活、發展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產、改善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要保障(zhang)，將在(zai)(zai)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興(xing)(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)中做(zuo)出全(quan)面(mian)(mian)貢獻。研究小(xiao)組認為，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)社(she)會(hui)(hui)經濟發展所發揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要作(zuo)用(yong)，不僅會(hui)(hui)有全(quan)面(mian)(mian)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重塑功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，也(ye)會(hui)(hui)有“乘數(shu)效(xiao)應”乃(nai)至“指數(shu)效(xiao)應”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迭代賦能(neng)(neng)。想(xiang)象空間很大(da)(da)，實踐挑戰(zhan)巨大(da)(da)，本(ben)研究旨在(zai)(zai)以此起(qi)(qi)到破題作(zuo)用(yong)，并期(qi)望(wang)引起(qi)(qi)業(ye)界更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，群策群力，集思廣(guang)益。

農村能源在脫貧攻堅中發揮關鍵作用，在鄉村振興戰略中發揮決定性作用

農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能源(yuan)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民發(fa)展相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能源(yuan)為鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振興提(ti)供(gong)(gong)堅實的物(wu)質(zhi)基礎(chu)，鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振興戰略的實施將推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能源(yuan)發(fa)生根本性變革。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能源(yuan)在當前脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)攻堅中取得了顯著(zhu)成就，在能源(yuan)綜合利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業提(ti)質(zhi)增(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)致富中發(fa)揮了重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困地(di)區群眾用(yong)(yong)(yong)電難等問題(ti)普(pu)遍解決，農(nong)(nong)(nong)網供(gong)(gong)電可(ke)靠率(lv)達(da)到(dao)99.8%；能源(yuan)精準扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)工(gong)程普(pu)遍實施，產業扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)、電商扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)、光伏(fu)扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)、生物(wu)質(zhi)能扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)等全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)進，改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎(chu)設施建設、增(zeng)(zeng)加農(nong)(nong)(nong)民就業、增(zeng)(zeng)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區造血能力效(xiao)果顯著(zhu)。在全(quan)面(mian)開展鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振興戰略的新階段，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能源(yuan)作(zuo)為重要(yao)的著(zhu)力點，將為鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振興戰略做(zuo)出全(quan)面(mian)貢獻。

一(yi)是鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略體現(xian)(xian)(xian)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本質要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，高(gao)度契合農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八大(da)以來(lai)，習(xi)近(jin)平總書記多次(ci)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)”問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)，特別強調“沒有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)，就(jiu)沒有(you)整個國家現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)”。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)九大(da)報告明確提(ti)(ti)出(chu)實施以鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略，加(jia)(jia)快推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)，總要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)為：“產(chan)(chan)業(ye)興旺、生(sheng)態(tai)宜(yi)居、鄉(xiang)風文明、治(zhi)理(li)(li)有(you)效、生(sheng)活(huo)富裕(yu)”，圍繞農(nong)(nong)(nong)民穩定增收和鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)全(quan)面振興，針對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎(chu)設施、公共服(fu)務(wu)、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)治(zhi)理(li)(li)等(deng)薄弱環(huan)節做出(chu)了重(zhong)大(da)部署(shu)。“產(chan)(chan)業(ye)興旺”要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基礎(chu)設施建設，提(ti)(ti)升能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應效率和安全(quan)穩定，以適應現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供給形(xing)式滿(man)足鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)需求(qiu)。“生(sheng)態(tai)宜(yi)居”要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)優(you)(you)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構，加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)清潔高(gao)效利用(yong)，推動清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開發和利用(yong)，減少環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污染，優(you)(you)化(hua)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)。“生(sheng)活(huo)富裕(yu)”要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)增加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收入、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)活(huo)質量(liang)水(shui)平有(you)機結合，降低農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)成本、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)經(jing)(jing)濟性(xing)，提(ti)(ti)升能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應品質。經(jing)(jing)濟基礎(chu)決定上(shang)層(ceng)建筑(zhu),上(shang)層(ceng)建筑(zhu)反作用(yong)于經(jing)(jing)濟基礎(chu)，發展(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)(jing)濟學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗研究表明基礎(chu)設施的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效供給必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)以鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)政治(zhi)文明、成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會治(zhi)理(li)(li)水(shui)平為條件，“鄉(xiang)風文明、治(zhi)理(li)(li)有(you)效”能(neng)(neng)夠反過來(lai)促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基礎(chu)設施的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效供給和完善，推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)更(geng)高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

二是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)作(zuo)為鄉村(cun)(cun)振興的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略性物(wu)質基礎與動(dong)力基礎，將發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)全面(mian)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)鄉村(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)活(huo)(huo)力的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。作(zuo)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)提供必要的(de)(de)基礎設施和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)要素(su)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)邊(bian)際(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)和(he)(he)帶動(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)將極大(da)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)活(huo)(huo)力，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)帶來新的(de)(de)經濟(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長點。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)豐富。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)地區具(ju)有豐富的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)就(jiu)近利(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)秸稈、林業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢(fei)料、畜禽糞便等生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)適(shi)合壓(ya)縮成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)固(gu)體(ti)燃料、規模化(hua)制作(zuo)沼氣(qi)，太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、水能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、地熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等自然(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)適(shi)合發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)小型(xing)(xing)光伏(fu)、小型(xing)(xing)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、微(wei)型(xing)(xing)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)。我國(guo)僅(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)轉(zhuan)換為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)潛力超過4.6億(yi)噸標煤(mei)，目(mu)前利(li)用(yong)率不足(zu)10%，分(fen)(fen)布式光伏(fu)、分(fen)(fen)散式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)潛力分(fen)(fen)別超過15億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)和(he)(he)1億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)[]。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)增(zeng)(zeng)長前景廣(guang)闊。目(mu)前我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)(liang)約5.92億(yi)噸標煤(mei)，結(jie)構(gou)仍(reng)以(yi)(yi)煤(mei)炭為主。隨(sui)著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)機(ji)械化(hua)，近年農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林牧漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)逐年提升達到5%，高(gao)于(yu)3%左右的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)總量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)。鄉鎮企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蓬勃發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)家用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器廣(guang)泛普及，也將進(jin)(jin)一步推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)二、三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)投入(ru)邊(bian)際(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)和(he)(he)帶動(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)明顯。一方面(mian)，以(yi)(yi)新一輪農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)網改造(zao)升級來看(kan)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力設施進(jin)(jin)一步完善，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代(dai)，提高(gao)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)，擴(kuo)大(da)有效(xiao)(xiao)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)及帶動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)費(fei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力顯著(zhu)，2018年農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)達到2.46億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時，較(jiao)2015年增(zeng)(zeng)長30%，全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)固(gu)定資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)比(bi)上一年增(zeng)(zeng)長5.1%，同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長9個百分(fen)(fen)點；另一方面(mian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)優(you)化(hua)升級、可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)使用(yong)，將拓展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)內(nei)容，改變生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模式，延長產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈條，創造(zao)新的(de)(de)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)崗位，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)口就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，帶動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(diao)整和(he)(he)優(you)化(hua)升級。

三是(shi)鄉村(cun)振興(xing)戰略帶給(gei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)前所未有(you)的(de)(de)(de)發展機遇，將直接影響中國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命(ming)實(shi)際進程(cheng)和(he)最終成效(xiao)。鄉村(cun)振興(xing)戰略將農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基(ji)礎設施建設擺在(zai)突出位(wei)置，對(dui)優化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供給(gei)結構，完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)礎設施網絡，推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)升級，探(tan)索建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命(ming)示范區做出了明(ming)確部署。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)迎來(lai)了難得(de)的(de)(de)(de)發展機遇，推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產革命(ming)，增加清潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供給(gei)，推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)革命(ming)，擴大(da)清潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)，推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技術革命(ming)，提升智能(neng)(neng)化用能(neng)(neng)水平(ping)，推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體制革命(ming)，建立(li)經(jing)濟可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續的(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發利(li)用模式，實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)(jie)(jie)、高效(xiao)、低碳、綠色、可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續發展，將為中國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展奉獻(xian)更(geng)多新的(de)(de)(de)增長空間和(he)更(geng)多因地制宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)創新模式。

鄉村能源的全面振興需要尊重國情因地制宜

鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興是(shi)產業、人(ren)才、文化、生態(tai)、組織等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)振(zhen)興，習(xi)近平總書(shu)記強調實(shi)施鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興戰(zhan)略中(zhong)要(yao)注(zhu)意處理(li)好“四個關系”，既是(shi)擘畫藍圖(tu)、加油鼓勁，又是(shi)未雨(yu)綢繆、理(li)性部(bu)署。實(shi)現(xian)鄉村(cun)能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)振(zhen)興，需要(yao)堅持實(shi)事求(qiu)是(shi)、因地制宜(yi)、統(tong)籌兼顧、有(you)序推(tui)進的(de)(de)(de)原則，從總量(liang)、質量(liang)、效(xiao)率等(deng)方面(mian)全面(mian)振(zhen)興，建設農村(cun)現(xian)代能(neng)源體系需要(yao)立足(zu)國情、農情、能(neng)情，處理(li)好四個關系。

一是處理好長(chang)期(qi)目標(biao)(biao)和(he)短(duan)期(qi)目標(biao)(biao)的關系，根本在于遵循(xun)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)振興的客觀規律。現階段(duan)我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)仍舊不(bu)平(ping)衡、不(bu)充分(fen)，且利用方式粗放，資源(yuan)(yuan)化水平(ping)低，基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)薄弱(ruo)，供(gong)給能(neng)(neng)(neng)力不(bu)足(zu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)質(zhi)量提(ti)升需(xu)(xu)要一個長(chang)期(qi)歷史(shi)過程(cheng)。從長(chang)遠來(lai)看，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)的方向(xiang)是構建清潔低碳、安全高效的農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)現代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系。實現長(chang)期(qi)目標(biao)(biao)，需(xu)(xu)要科學規劃農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，準確洞察(cha)“突破口”和(he)“優先序”，分(fen)階段(duan)明確任(ren)務從容建設(she)。現階段(duan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的主要任(ren)務是保障能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全、優化農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)給結構、完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)、提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服務水平(ping)、助力脫貧(pin)攻堅戰和(he)美麗(li)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)。

二是處(chu)理(li)好頂層(ceng)設計和基層(ceng)探索的(de)關系，重點在于(yu)因地制(zhi)宜精(jing)準發展鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)。農村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)發展是鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)重要部分，必須從大局著(zhu)眼(yan)堅(jian)持全(quan)國一(yi)盤棋，豐富完(wan)善(shan)頂層(ceng)設計，定(ding)(ding)規劃、定(ding)(ding)目標(biao)、定(ding)(ding)任務、定(ding)(ding)制(zhi)度。同時，隨著(zhu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)實施(shi)，農村(cun)(cun)(cun)形(xing)態和模式演進分化，自然、資源(yuan)和經濟因素差(cha)異決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了農村(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)發展要走一(yi)條符(fu)合地區需(xu)求、具有農村(cun)(cun)(cun)特色的(de)差(cha)異化道路，在堅(jian)持整(zheng)體(ti)戰(zhan)略(lve)布局前提下，還應堅(jian)持因地制(zhi)宜、合理(li)規劃，倡導基層(ceng)探索、精(jing)準施(shi)策。

三是(shi)處理(li)好市(shi)(shi)場(chang)作用(yong)和政(zheng)府作用(yong)的關(guan)系，關(guan)鍵在(zai)于回(hui)歸農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)商(shang)品(pin)屬(shu)性(xing)，最(zui)終發揮市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的決(jue)定(ding)性(xing)作用(yong)。既要明(ming)確農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的屬(shu)性(xing)，又要明(ming)確政(zheng)府市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的邊界；既不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)全(quan)靠政(zheng)府補(bu)貼救濟，也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)萬(wan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)論(lun)。農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)具有一定(ding)的公共服(fu)務屬(shu)性(xing)和民(min)生(sheng)保障性(xing)質，需要政(zheng)府做好規(gui)劃引(yin)導、政(zheng)策支持及監(jian)管保障。但農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)同樣具有商(shang)品(pin)屬(shu)性(xing)，只有回(hui)歸農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的商(shang)品(pin)屬(shu)性(xing)，捋順價格形成傳導機制(zhi)(zhi)，聯動能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)稀缺性(xing)、環(huan)境成本與用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)價格，充分發揮市(shi)(shi)場(chang)在(zai)農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)中的決(jue)定(ding)性(xing)作用(yong)，完善(shan)產權制(zhi)(zhi)度和要素市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化配(pei)置(zhi)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)促進農村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)優勢和環(huan)境優勢轉化為經(jing)濟收(shou)益。

四是(shi)處理好適應發(fa)(fa)(fa)展階段和(he)增強(qiang)群眾獲得(de)感的(de)關(guan)系，核心在于(yu)以(yi)農(nong)民(min)(min)為中心，把尊(zun)重農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)主(zhu)體地位真正(zheng)落到(dao)實(shi)處。農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展要以(yi)滿足廣(guang)大農(nong)民(min)(min)群眾美好生(sheng)活的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)需求為出發(fa)(fa)(fa)點(dian)(dian)和(he)落腳點(dian)(dian)，圍(wei)繞農(nong)民(min)(min)群眾最關(guan)心、最直(zhi)接、最現實(shi)的(de)利益(yi)問(wen)題，兼(jian)顧(gu)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)集體經(jing)濟實(shi)力、群眾承受(shou)能(neng)力，激發(fa)(fa)(fa)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)“主(zhu)人翁”意識，問(wen)計于(yu)農(nong)民(min)(min)，尊(zun)重村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活習慣，建(jian)立政府、市場、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)多元參與(yu)的(de)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能(neng)源(yuan)格局，切實(shi)增強(qiang)農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)獲得(de)感、幸福感、安全感。

電網企業與能源智庫在鄉村振興中發揮積極作用大有可為

一(yi)是(shi)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在鄉村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振興中需要發(fa)揮主(zhu)體作用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)具有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優化(hua)配(pei)置的(de)(de)(de)中樞核心(xin)優勢，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基礎設(she)施和(he)服務(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要從“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)”和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命的(de)(de)(de)政治站(zhan)位審(shen)視，積極成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)體，推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)從“用(yong)(yong)好(hao)電(dian)”向“用(yong)(yong)好(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”轉變。一(yi)方(fang)面，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可“從農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)包圍城市”，邁出能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命的(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)步。十九大提(ti)出構建(jian)(jian)清潔低碳、安全高效的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型的(de)(de)(de)慣性及約束相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)小于城市，且資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦與用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)特點適宜“生物質能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)+太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)/風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)/水(shui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”的(de)(de)(de)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補清潔用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)模式，可以(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系轉型的(de)(de)(de)先行者(zhe)。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不僅是(shi)大電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)延伸、農(nong)(nong)(nong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)升(sheng)級改造的(de)(de)(de)執行者(zhe)，更應(ying)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)立足全局的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)引領者(zhe)，真正(zheng)貫徹落實(shi)好(hao)以(yi)人民為(wei)(wei)中心(xin)。針對(dui)(dui)我國邊遠地(di)區電(dian)氣化(hua)水(shui)平提(ti)高問題，統(tong)籌邊遠地(di)區用(yong)(yong)電(dian)負荷需求特點、投資運維成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)條(tiao)件及難度(du)等(deng)因(yin)素，加快推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)清潔取暖、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)代(dai)(dai)燃料、農(nong)(nong)(nong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)等(deng)工程，“長遠結合(he)、因(yin)地(di)制宜”的(de)(de)(de)選擇農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)方(fang)案。另一(yi)方(fang)面，積極推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，推(tui)動(dong)光伏(fu)+農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、風電(dian)+旅(lv)游(you)、水(shui)電(dian)+旅(lv)游(you)等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展，拓展農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收渠(qu)道，有(you)效對(dui)(dui)接信息通信、交通網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡等(deng)多種類型網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基礎設(she)施和(he)公共服務(wu)水(shui)平提(ti)升(sheng)，打造農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)新的(de)(de)(de)經濟增(zeng)長點。

二是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)智(zhi)(zhi)庫在鄉村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振興(xing)中(zhong)大有(you)可(ke)為(wei)。“十四五”時期是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)轉(zhuan)折時期，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)問(wen)題(ti)事關鄉村(cun)(cun)振興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現，事關“兩個一(yi)(yi)百年(nian)”目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現。面臨錯綜復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形勢、觀(guan)念轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)，國(guo)網(wang)(wang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)院作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高端智(zhi)(zhi)庫，深(shen)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)研究(jiu)(jiu)符(fu)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)時代(dai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)庫研究(jiu)(jiu)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職業擔當與(yu)(yu)(yu)使命所在，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)解放思(si)(si)想(xiang)，大膽創新(xin)，重(zhong)新(xin)詮(quan)釋電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業新(xin)時代(dai)應該有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擔當作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)，豐富電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)內涵(han)，從發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)理念、人(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)伍、管理模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、經(jing)驗總結與(yu)(yu)(yu)推(tui)廣(guang)等(deng)方(fang)面針對農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)問(wen)題(ti)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)持續、深(shen)入、系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)關注。理念與(yu)(yu)(yu)管理變(bian)(bian)革是(shi)(shi)(shi)關鍵，智(zhi)(zhi)庫要(yao)(yao)(yao)轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)研究(jiu)(jiu)認知的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慣性(xing)思(si)(si)維和路徑依賴，轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)只用(yong)城(cheng)市電(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念和思(si)(si)路乃至發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)去簡單套用(yong)，從而真正進行(xing)一(yi)(yi)場深(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)維方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)革命，加強(qiang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)研究(jiu)(jiu)學(xue)者、基(ji)層干(gan)部、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流，從農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)角度去看待問(wen)題(ti)，站(zhan)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)角度去思(si)(si)考(kao)問(wen)題(ti)，從而得(de)到(dao)有(you)針對性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、可(ke)推(tui)廣(guang)、有(you)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)成果。人(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)伍是(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)支撐，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)培養一(yi)(yi)支熟悉農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術、管理模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)才，真正掌握農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“語(yu)言(yan)”。習近平總書記在決戰(zhan)決勝(sheng)脫貧(pin)攻堅座談會(hui)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)講話中(zhong)，多次(ci)運(yun)用(yong)帶(dai)有(you)“鄉村(cun)(cun)味”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)，引起(qi)廣(guang)泛共(gong)鳴。基(ji)于我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)國(guo)情，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)研究(jiu)(jiu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)牢(lao)記服務對象是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)社會(hui)大眾和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)聽得(de)懂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持因地制(zhi)宜、分類(lei)指導、精準施策，針對不(bu)同區(qu)域、不(bu)同類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)莊，實(shi)行(xing)分區(qu)分類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)策略(lve)。通過加強(qiang)實(shi)地調(diao)研，總結基(ji)層經(jing)驗，探(tan)索創新(xin)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，讓語(yu)言(yan)變(bian)(bian)得(de)更符(fu)合(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)口味，把研究(jiu)(jiu)工作(zuo)(zuo)落到(dao)實(shi)踐中(zhong)，使智(zhi)(zhi)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)成果更接地氣。（作(zuo)(zuo)者：吳(wu)鸞鶯 譚(tan)雪 張玥(yue) 葉小寧 單位為(wei)國(guo)網(wang)(wang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)院鄉村(cun)(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振興(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)研究(jiu)(jiu)小組(zu)）