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近日，世(shi)界首個柔(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)網(wang)工(gong)程——張北(bei)可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)柔(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)網(wang)試驗示(shi)范(fan)工(gong)程（簡稱“張北(bei)柔(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程”）竣工(gong)投(tou)產，張家(jia)口地(di)區的新能(neng)源(yuan)成(cheng)功接入北(bei)京(jing)電(dian)網(wang)，送至2022年北(bei)京(jing)冬(dong)奧場館。

張北(bei)(bei)柔直(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程總投資125億(yi)元，新建張北(bei)(bei)、康保、豐寧和(he)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)4座(zuo)換(huan)流(liu)站(zhan)，額定電(dian)壓(ya)±500千(qian)伏，額定輸電(dian)能力450萬千(qian)瓦，輸電(dian)線(xian)路長度(du)666千(qian)米，是國(guo)網冀(ji)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)力服務綠(lv)色(se)冬(dong)奧(ao)的(de)(de)“涉奧(ao)六大(da)工(gong)(gong)程”之一。工(gong)(gong)程于2017年(nian)12月獲得國(guo)家發改委核準(zhun)，2018年(nian)2月開工(gong)(gong)建設(she)。在國(guo)網冀(ji)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)力建設(she)者800多個日日夜(ye)夜(ye)的(de)(de)艱苦奮(fen)戰下，6月正式(shi)投運(yun)。

張(zhang)北柔(rou)(rou)直工(gong)程采(cai)用(yong)我國(guo)原創(chuang)(chuang)、領(ling)先世界的(de)柔(rou)(rou)性直流(liu)電(dian)網新技術，創(chuang)(chuang)造了12項世界第一，是破解新能(neng)源大規(gui)模開發利(li)用(yong)世界級難(nan)題的(de)“中國(guo)方案(an)”。以(yi)柔(rou)(rou)性直流(liu)電(dian)網為中心，通(tong)過多點匯集、多能(neng)互補(bu)、時空互補(bu)、源網荷(he)協同(tong)，可以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)新能(neng)源側(ce)自由波動發電(dian)和負(fu)荷(he)側(ce)可控穩定供電(dian)。作為集大規(gui)模可再生能(neng)源的(de)友(you)好接(jie)入、多種形態能(neng)源互補(bu)和靈活消納、直流(liu)電(dian)網構建等為一體的(de)重大科技試驗示(shi)范項目(mu)，張(zhang)北柔(rou)(rou)直工(gong)程不僅具(ju)備重大創(chuang)(chuang)新引(yin)領(ling)和示(shi)范意(yi)義，對于推(tui)動能(neng)源轉(zhuan)型與(yu)綠色(se)發展、服務綠色(se)辦奧、引(yin)領(ling)科技創(chuang)(chuang)新、推(tui)動電(dian)工(gong)裝(zhuang)備制造業轉(zhuan)型升級等具(ju)有(you)顯著的(de)綜合效益和戰略意(yi)義。

服務綠色辦奧理念，為北京冬奧提供100%綠色電力。北(bei)京冬(dong)奧會(hui)是城(cheng)市能源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級的(de)重(zhong)要契機。張(zhang)北(bei)柔直工程聚焦“綠色辦(ban)奧”，打造清潔(jie)低碳(tan)奧運專區，將張(zhang)北(bei)新能源(yuan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、豐寧儲能電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)北(bei)京負荷中(zhong)心可靠互聯，大(da)幅(fu)提(ti)升(sheng)能源(yuan)供(gong)給的(de)清潔(jie)比重(zhong)，為(wei)冬(dong)奧會(hui)提(ti)供(gong)充裕的(de)綠色能源(yuan)保(bao)障(zhang)。工程投產后，每(mei)年(nian)可輸送(song)約140億千(qian)瓦時清潔(jie)能源(yuan)，全(quan)面(mian)滿足北(bei)京地(di)(di)(di)區以及張(zhang)家口地(di)(di)(di)區的(de)26個冬(dong)奧會(hui)場館(guan)總計1億千(qian)瓦時的(de)年(nian)用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)需求(qiu)，助力北(bei)京冬(dong)奧場館(guan)實(shi)現(xian)奧運史上首次實(shi)現(xian)100%清潔(jie)能源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，每(mei)年(nian)節約標準煤490萬噸(dun)，減(jian)排二(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)1280萬噸(dun)。

推動新能源開發外送，促進送端地區資源優勢轉化為發展優勢。張家(jia)口地(di)區(qu)風(feng)電、太陽能發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電資(zi)源(yuan)十分(fen)豐富，距(ju)離北京負荷中心(xin)僅200-350千(qian)米，開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)條件十分(fen)優越，可(ke)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規模(mo)高達8500萬千(qian)瓦，是國(guo)家(jia)規劃的(de)大(da)型(xing)可(ke)再生能源(yuan)基地(di)，預計2020年底(di)可(ke)再生能源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電裝機(ji)規模(mo)將(jiang)超過(guo)千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦。張北柔直工程配(pei)套(tao)建設(she)630萬千(qian)瓦風(feng)電、光(guang)伏電源(yuan)，拉動當地(di)風(feng)、光(guang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電投(tou)資(zi)達到600億元，投(tou)資(zi)拉動效益明顯。工程投(tou)運后，將(jiang)顯著提(ti)升張家(jia)口地(di)區(qu)新(xin)能源(yuan)外送能力，有效促進(jin)當地(di)扶貧(pin)(pin)電站消納新(xin)能源(yuan)，預計惠及1110座光(guang)伏扶貧(pin)(pin)電站和104896戶貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)戶，總容量(liang)達133.9萬千(qian)瓦。

引領電網創新發展，有力推動電網輸電技術和電工裝備升級。張北柔(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程是世界首(shou)個(ge)具有網絡(luo)特(te)性的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)網工程，核心技術和(he)(he)關(guan)鍵設備(bei)均為國(guo)際(ji)首(shou)創(chuang)，實現了3大突破：突破柔(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)網構建難題，提出了柔(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組網、多點(dian)匯集、多能(neng)互補的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)網拓撲和(he)(he)系統方案，成功研(yan)制混合式、負壓耦合式和(he)(he)機械式直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)斷路器(qi)；突破柔(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)容量(liang)提升(sheng)(sheng)難題，將±500千(qian)伏柔(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)輸電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)提升(sheng)(sheng)至常(chang)規直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)平，單換流(liu)(liu)器(qi)額定容量(liang)提升(sheng)(sheng)到150萬千(qian)瓦；突破柔(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)可靠(kao)性提升(sheng)(sheng)難題，將柔(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)性提升(sheng)(sheng)至常(chang)規直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)平。張北柔(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程的(de)(de)創(chuang)新實踐，將提高我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)工裝備(bei)制造業自主創(chuang)新能(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)國(guo)際(ji)競(jing)爭力(li)。

張北柔直(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)途經張家(jia)口北部、承(cheng)德西(xi)部等高(gao)(gao)海拔地區，70%的(de)(de)線(xian)路地處丘陵和山地，高(gao)(gao)寒、大風等惡劣天氣較多，年有(you)效施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期僅為4-5個月。國網冀北電力實施(shi)(shi)(shi)“五(wu)大創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)”，確保施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。一(yi)(yi)是創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)應用(yong)(yong)科(ke)技手段。以科(ke)技輔助輸電線(xian)路工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場管(guan)理，并使(shi)用(yong)(yong)執法記錄儀，全程(cheng)記錄基礎澆(jiao)制(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)。二是創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。按照(zhao)“一(yi)(yi)基一(yi)(yi)策劃”對每個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業面進行(xing)動態(tai)管(guan)理。三是創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)防火(huo)墻施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。借鑒橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)應用(yong)(yong)較多的(de)(de)盤(pan)扣式腳手架(jia)，實現(xian)了(le)盤(pan)扣式腳手架(jia)在變電施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)首次應用(yong)(yong)。四是創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)防腐(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。針(zhen)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所(suo)處區域土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤、地下水中(zhong)含(han)有(you)大量硫酸根、氯離子，對鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結構產(chan)生凍(dong)融、腐(fu)(fu)蝕多重破壞作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)情況，綜合(he)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)綜合(he)防腐(fu)(fu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。五(wu)是創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)換流閥施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。針(zhen)對柔直(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)換流閥的(de)(de)特殊(shu)結構，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)采用(yong)(yong)新(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、新(xin)(xin)方法，提高(gao)(gao)換流閥的(de)(de)安(an)裝效率。

據了解(jie)，“十三五(wu)”以來，冀(ji)北電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)年均增長(chang)率達(da)到(dao)19%。截至(zhi)2020年6月(yue)底(di)，冀(ji)北電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規模已超2100萬千(qian)瓦，占統調裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容量的(de)59.3%，占比(bi)位居國(guo)網(wang)(wang)系統第一。肩負北京70%以上(shang)送電(dian)(dian)任(ren)務的(de)冀(ji)北電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，以風(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)為(wei)代表的(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)比(bi)重(zhong)已超過傳統電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，成為(wei)全網(wang)(wang)的(de)主力電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。（祝龍(long)超）

【責任編輯：語謙】