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近(jin)日，世界首個(ge)柔性直流(liu)電網工(gong)(gong)程——張北可再生能源柔性直流(liu)電網試驗示范工(gong)(gong)程（簡稱“張北柔直工(gong)(gong)程”）竣工(gong)(gong)投(tou)產，張家口地區(qu)的新能源成功接入北京(jing)電網，送(song)至2022年北京(jing)冬奧場(chang)館。

張北(bei)(bei)(bei)柔直工程總投(tou)資(zi)125億元(yuan)，新建張北(bei)(bei)(bei)、康保、豐寧和北(bei)(bei)(bei)京4座換流站，額定電壓±500千(qian)伏，額定輸(shu)(shu)電能力450萬千(qian)瓦，輸(shu)(shu)電線路長(chang)度666千(qian)米，是國網冀(ji)北(bei)(bei)(bei)電力服務綠色冬(dong)奧的“涉奧六大工程”之一。工程于2017年(nian)12月(yue)獲得國家發(fa)改委核準(zhun)，2018年(nian)2月(yue)開工建設。在國網冀(ji)北(bei)(bei)(bei)電力建設者(zhe)800多個日(ri)日(ri)夜(ye)夜(ye)的艱(jian)苦奮(fen)戰下，6月(yue)正式投(tou)運。

張(zhang)北柔(rou)(rou)直工(gong)程(cheng)采用(yong)我國原(yuan)創、領(ling)先世(shi)界的柔(rou)(rou)性直流電(dian)網(wang)新技(ji)術，創造了(le)12項(xiang)世(shi)界第(di)一，是破解新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大規模(mo)開(kai)發利用(yong)世(shi)界級難題的“中國方案”。以柔(rou)(rou)性直流電(dian)網(wang)為中心，通(tong)過多(duo)點匯集、多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互(hu)補(bu)、時空互(hu)補(bu)、源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)協同，可(ke)以實現(xian)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)自由波動發電(dian)和負(fu)荷(he)側(ce)可(ke)控穩(wen)定(ding)供電(dian)。作為集大規模(mo)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的友好(hao)接(jie)入、多(duo)種形態(tai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)補(bu)和靈活消納(na)、直流電(dian)網(wang)構建(jian)等(deng)為一體的重大科技(ji)試(shi)驗示范(fan)項(xiang)目，張(zhang)北柔(rou)(rou)直工(gong)程(cheng)不僅具備重大創新引領(ling)和示范(fan)意義，對于(yu)推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型(xing)與(yu)綠(lv)色發展、服務綠(lv)色辦奧、引領(ling)科技(ji)創新、推(tui)動電(dian)工(gong)裝(zhuang)備制(zhi)造業轉型(xing)升級等(deng)具有顯著(zhu)的綜合(he)效益和戰略意義。

服務綠色辦奧理念，為北京冬奧提供100%綠色電力。北(bei)(bei)(bei)京冬奧(ao)會是(shi)城市能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級的(de)重要契機。張(zhang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)柔(rou)直工程(cheng)聚焦“綠(lv)色辦奧(ao)”，打(da)造清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)低碳(tan)奧(ao)運(yun)專區(qu)(qu)(qu)，將張(zhang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基地、豐(feng)寧儲能(neng)(neng)電源(yuan)與(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京負荷中心可靠互(hu)聯，大幅提升能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供給的(de)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)比重，為冬奧(ao)會提供充裕的(de)綠(lv)色能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)保障(zhang)。工程(cheng)投產(chan)后，每(mei)年可輸送(song)約140億千瓦(wa)時清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，全面(mian)滿足北(bei)(bei)(bei)京地區(qu)(qu)(qu)以及張(zhang)家(jia)口(kou)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)26個冬奧(ao)會場館總計1億千瓦(wa)時的(de)年用(yong)電量需求，助力北(bei)(bei)(bei)京冬奧(ao)場館實(shi)現(xian)奧(ao)運(yun)史上首次實(shi)現(xian)100%清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供電，每(mei)年節約標(biao)準煤490萬噸，減排(pai)二氧化碳(tan)1280萬噸。

推動新能源開發外送，促進送端地區資源優勢轉化為發展優勢。張家口地(di)區風(feng)電(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)資源十分豐(feng)富，距離北京負荷中心(xin)僅(jin)200-350千(qian)(qian)米，開(kai)發(fa)條(tiao)件十分優越，可(ke)(ke)開(kai)發(fa)規模高(gao)達8500萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，是國家規劃的大型可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)源基(ji)地(di)，預(yu)計(ji)2020年底可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機規模將超過(guo)千(qian)(qian)萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。張北柔直工(gong)程(cheng)配套建設630萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)風(feng)電(dian)、光伏電(dian)源，拉動(dong)當(dang)地(di)風(feng)、光發(fa)電(dian)投資達到(dao)600億元(yuan)，投資拉動(dong)效益明顯。工(gong)程(cheng)投運(yun)后，將顯著提升張家口地(di)區新能(neng)源外(wai)送能(neng)力，有效促(cu)進當(dang)地(di)扶貧電(dian)站消納新能(neng)源，預(yu)計(ji)惠(hui)及1110座光伏扶貧電(dian)站和(he)104896戶貧困戶，總容(rong)量達133.9萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。

引領電網創新發展，有力推動電網輸電技術和電工裝備升級。張北(bei)柔(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程(cheng)是(shi)世界首(shou)個(ge)具有網(wang)(wang)絡特性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)工程(cheng)，核心技術(shu)和(he)關(guan)鍵設備均(jun)為國際(ji)首(shou)創(chuang)，實現了3大突破：突破柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)構建難(nan)題，提(ti)出了柔(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)網(wang)(wang)、多點匯(hui)集、多能互(hu)補的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)拓撲和(he)系統方案，成功研制(zhi)混合式(shi)、負壓耦合式(shi)和(he)機(ji)械(xie)式(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)斷路器(qi)；突破柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)容(rong)量(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)難(nan)題，將(jiang)±500千伏柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)至常規直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水平，單換流(liu)(liu)器(qi)額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)到150萬千瓦(wa)；突破柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)可靠性(xing)(xing)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)難(nan)題，將(jiang)柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)至常規直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水平。張北(bei)柔(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)創(chuang)新實踐，將(jiang)提(ti)高我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)工裝備制(zhi)造業自(zi)主創(chuang)新能力(li)和(he)國際(ji)競爭力(li)。

張(zhang)北柔直(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)途經張(zhang)家口北部、承德西部等高(gao)海拔地(di)區(qu)，70%的(de)線路地(di)處(chu)丘陵和山地(di)，高(gao)寒、大風等惡劣天(tian)氣(qi)較多(duo)，年有(you)效施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期僅(jin)為4-5個月(yue)。國網冀北電力實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“五大創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)”，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)。一是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)應用(yong)科技手(shou)段。以科技輔助輸電線路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)場管(guan)理，并(bing)使用(yong)執法(fa)記(ji)錄(lu)儀，全程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)記(ji)錄(lu)基礎(chu)澆制過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。二是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。按(an)照“一基一策劃(hua)”對每個施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作業面進行(xing)動態管(guan)理。三是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)防(fang)火墻施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。借鑒橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)應用(yong)較多(duo)的(de)盤扣式腳(jiao)手(shou)架(jia)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了盤扣式腳(jiao)手(shou)架(jia)在變電施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)首(shou)次應用(yong)。四是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)混凝土(tu)防(fang)腐工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。針對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)處(chu)區(qu)域土(tu)壤、地(di)下水中(zhong)含有(you)大量(liang)硫(liu)酸根、氯離子，對鋼筋混凝土(tu)結(jie)構產生凍融(rong)、腐蝕多(duo)重破(po)壞作用(yong)的(de)情(qing)況，綜合(he)(he)制定工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)混凝土(tu)的(de)綜合(he)(he)防(fang)腐措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。五是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)換(huan)流閥施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。針對柔直(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)流閥的(de)特殊結(jie)構，創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)采用(yong)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、新(xin)方法(fa)，提(ti)高(gao)換(huan)流閥的(de)安裝效率。

據(ju)了(le)解(jie)，“十三(san)五”以來，冀北電網(wang)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)年均增長率(lv)達到19%。截(jie)至2020年6月底(di)，冀北電網(wang)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模已超(chao)(chao)2100萬千瓦，占統(tong)調裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量的59.3%，占比(bi)位居(ju)國網(wang)系統(tong)第一。肩負(fu)北京70%以上送電任務的冀北電網(wang)，以風能(neng)、太陽(yang)能(neng)為代表(biao)的新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)比(bi)重已超(chao)(chao)過傳統(tong)電源(yuan)(yuan)，成為全網(wang)的主力電源(yuan)(yuan)。（祝龍超(chao)(chao)）

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