文章來源：人民日報 發布時間(jian)：2018-05-11
2015年9月17日
黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務院在(zai)日前印發的(de)《關(guan)于深化(hua)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)改革的(de)指導(dao)意見》（以下簡稱《指導(dao)意見》）中(zhong)明確指出，要完善(shan)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主推進國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)管(guan)機(ji)構職能(neng)轉變，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主改革國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)授(shou)權經(jing)營(ying)體(ti)(ti)制，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主推動(dong)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)合理(li)流動(dong)優化(hua)配置，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主推進經(jing)營(ying)性(xing)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)集中(zhong)統一監(jian)管(guan)。這(zhe)對于推動(dong)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)真正成為(wei)獨立(li)市場主體(ti)(ti)，增強國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)整體(ti)(ti)功能(neng)和(he)效(xiao)率，維護(hu)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)安(an)全，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十分重要的(de)意義。我們要深入學習領會和(he)貫徹落實(shi)文(wen)件要求，扎(zha)實(shi)推進完善(shan)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制、以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主加強國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)管(guan)的(de)各項(xiang)工作(zuo)，為(wei)發展壯大國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)提(ti)供堅強保(bao)障。
一、按照以管(guan)資本為主(zhu)的要求完善國有(you)資產(chan)管(guan)理體制，推動國有(you)企(qi)業真正成(cheng)為獨立(li)市場(chang)主(zhu)體
改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)(kai)放以來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)制改(gai)革(ge)始終與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業改(gai)革(ge)相(xiang)伴(ban)相(xiang)生、共同深(shen)化(hua)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十六大在總(zong)結(jie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)制實(shi)踐(jian)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，明(ming)確(que)提出：“建立(li)(li)中央政(zheng)府和地方(fang)政(zheng)府分別代表國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家履行出資(zi)(zi)(zi)人職責(ze)，享有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)者權(quan)益，權(quan)利、義務(wu)(wu)(wu)和責(ze)任相(xiang)統(tong)一(yi)，管(guan)(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)和管(guan)(guan)人、管(guan)(guan)事(shi)相(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)制”。2003年3月，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)正式(shi)成(cheng)立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)委員會，根據國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)授權(quan)，專門(men)承擔國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)職責(ze)，不(bu)承擔社會公(gong)共管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)職能(neng)。這(zhe)一(yi)體(ti)制，明(ming)確(que)了(le)政(zheng)府以出資(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)式(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業，在解決政(zheng)企(qi)不(bu)分、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業多頭管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、“九龍治(zhi)水”等方(fang)面(mian)邁出了(le)一(yi)大步，為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業成(cheng)為(wei)獨立(li)(li)市場主體(ti)奠定(ding)(ding)了(le)體(ti)制基礎。但應當看(kan)到，在監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)制機制方(fang)面(mian)還(huan)存在一(yi)些(xie)問題，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)程度上制約了(le)企(qi)業活力。比如政(zheng)企(qi)分開(kai)(kai)、政(zheng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分開(kai)(kai)還(huan)不(bu)完全(quan)到位，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)還(huan)存在越位、缺位、錯(cuo)位現象，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)方(fang)式(shi)存在一(yi)定(ding)(ding)行政(zheng)化(hua)色彩。同時，經過多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革(ge)發展，公(gong)司制股份(fen)制已(yi)經成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要組織形式(shi)，企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)結(jie)構、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)都發生了(le)深(shen)刻變(bian)化(hua)，這(zhe)在客觀(guan)上要求國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)機構主動(dong)調整完善監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)職能(neng)和方(fang)式(shi)，以管(guan)(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本為(wei)主，注重通過公(gong)司法人治(zhi)理(li)(li)結(jie)構依法行使國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)股東權(quan)利，實(shi)現對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)。
貫徹落實(shi)《指(zhi)導意見》要求，完善國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)理體制，要以(yi)管(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主推(tui)(tui)進職能轉變，準確(que)把握(wo)依法(fa)履行出資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)職責(ze)的(de)定位，科學界定國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)出資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)監(jian)管(guan)的(de)邊界，實(shi)現(xian)以(yi)管(guan)企業(ye)為(wei)主向以(yi)管(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主的(de)轉變，推(tui)(tui)動國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)真(zhen)正成為(wei)獨立市場主體，夯實(shi)發展(zhan)壯(zhuang)大國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)經濟的(de)微觀基礎(chu)。
一是(shi)堅(jian)持(chi)政(zheng)企(qi)分(fen)開、政(zheng)資(zi)(zi)分(fen)開、所有權(quan)(quan)和經(jing)營權(quan)(quan)分(fen)離。政(zheng)府部門依法(fa)行使公共(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)職能，從(cong)經(jing)濟調節和社會(hui)管(guan)理(li)(li)角度進行社會(hui)公共(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)。國有資(zi)(zi)產監管(guan)機構作為政(zheng)府直屬特設(she)機構，根據(ju)授權(quan)(quan)代表本級人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府對監管(guan)企(qi)業依法(fa)履行出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)職責，科學界定(ding)國有資(zi)(zi)產出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)監管(guan)的(de)邊(bian)界，專司(si)國有資(zi)(zi)產監管(guan)，不干預企(qi)業自主經(jing)營權(quan)(quan)。國有企(qi)業依法(fa)享(xiang)有獨立(li)的(de)法(fa)人(ren)財產權(quan)(quan)，依法(fa)自主經(jing)營、自負盈虧、自擔風險、自我約束、自我發展。
二是(shi)推進國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)機構(gou)職能轉變。該管(guan)的(de)要科學(xue)管(guan)理(li)、決不(bu)缺位(wei)，重點管(guan)好國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)布局、規范資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)運作、提高資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)回報(bao)、維護資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)安全。不(bu)該管(guan)的(de)要依(yi)法放(fang)權、決不(bu)越位(wei)，將依(yi)法應由企業自主經營決策的(de)事項(xiang)歸位(wei)于(yu)企業，將延(yan)伸到子(zi)企業的(de)管(guan)理(li)事項(xiang)原則上歸位(wei)于(yu)一級(ji)企業，將配合承擔的(de)公(gong)共管(guan)理(li)職能歸位(wei)于(yu)相關政府部門和(he)單位(wei)。國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)機構(gou)依(yi)法對(dui)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)、運營公(gong)司和(he)其(qi)他直接(jie)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)企業履行(xing)出資(zi)(zi)(zi)人職責(ze)。
三是改進國有(you)資(zi)產(chan)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)和手(shou)段。更多(duo)運(yun)用(yong)法治(zhi)(zhi)化、市場化監管(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，改變行(xing)政化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。針對(dui)企業(ye)不同(tong)(tong)功(gong)能定(ding)位，在戰略規劃制定(ding)、資(zi)本運(yun)作模式(shi)(shi)、人員選(xuan)用(yong)機制、經營業(ye)績考核等方(fang)面，實(shi)施更加精準有(you)效的分類監管(guan)(guan)(guan)。重視通(tong)過公(gong)司(si)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)結(jie)構履行(xing)出資(zi)人職責，規范董事(shi)會運(yun)作，嚴(yan)格選(xuan)派(pai)股東代(dai)表和董事(shi)、監事(shi)。注(zhu)重管(guan)(guan)(guan)好公(gong)司(si)章(zhang)程，通(tong)過“一企一策”制定(ding)公(gong)司(si)章(zhang)程，將國有(you)資(zi)產(chan)出資(zi)人意(yi)志有(you)效體現在公(gong)司(si)章(zhang)程中。建(jian)立(li)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)權力(li)清(qing)單和責任清(qing)單，加大運(yun)用(yong)信息化手(shou)段的力(li)度，優化監管(guan)(guan)(guan)流程，提高監管(guan)(guan)(guan)效率，加強監管(guan)(guan)(guan)工作協同(tong)(tong)。
二、按(an)照以管資本為(wei)主的要求優化(hua)國有(you)資本布(bu)局結構，增強國有(you)經濟整體(ti)功能和效率
優(you)化(hua)(hua)國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，是提升國有(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)整體運(yun)(yun)行(xing)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)途徑，也是發揮(hui)國有(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)主導作用、放(fang)(fang)大(da)國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)必然要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。隨(sui)著國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產管理體制(zhi)改(gai)革逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)深化(hua)(hua)，國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)日益發展(zhan)壯大(da)，國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)效率不(bu)斷提高(gao)，國有(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)和(he)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)調整取(qu)得(de)積極進展(zhan)。國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)向大(da)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)集團集中(zhong)，向重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)關鍵領域集中(zhong)，涌(yong)現出一批具有(you)(you)(you)較強(qiang)國際競爭力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)骨干(gan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。2015年美國《財富》雜志發布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界(jie)500強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)名(ming)單中(zhong)，我國國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)達到(dao)83家。但也應當(dang)(dang)看到(dao)，當(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)效率有(you)(you)(you)待進一步(bu)(bu)提高(gao)，國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)仍然存在分布(bu)過(guo)寬、戰(zhan)線過(guo)長等突出問題(ti)，國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)合理流動的(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)尚不(bu)健全，制(zhi)約了國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)功(gong)能作用的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效發揮(hui)。當(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)，我國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)進入新常態，國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)過(guo)去主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)憑借(jie)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素投入的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速增(zeng)長模(mo)式不(bu)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)，憑借(jie)高(gao)強(qiang)度大(da)規模(mo)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)拉(la)動的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式不(bu)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)，憑借(jie)低水(shui)平競爭的(de)(de)(de)粗放(fang)(fang)增(zeng)長模(mo)式不(bu)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)，迫(po)切需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通過(guo)優(you)化(hua)(hua)國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，推進國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型升級，增(zeng)強(qiang)國有(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)活力(li)(li)(li)、控制(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)、影響(xiang)力(li)(li)(li)、抗風險(xian)能力(li)(li)(li)。按照《指導意見》要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)(yi)市場為(wei)(wei)(wei)導向、以(yi)(yi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主體，有(you)(you)(you)進有(you)(you)(you)退、有(you)(you)(you)所為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)所不(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，優(you)化(hua)(hua)國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)發展(zhan)壯大(da)國有(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)提供強(qiang)有(you)(you)(you)力(li)(li)(li)支撐(cheng)。
一(yi)是明確國(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本集中(zhong)的重點(dian)(dian)(dian)方向。緊(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)圍繞服務國(guo)家戰略，落實國(guo)家產(chan)業(ye)政策(ce)和(he)(he)重點(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)業(ye)布局調整總體要(yao)求(qiu)，優化國(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本重點(dian)(dian)(dian)投資(zi)(zi)方向和(he)(he)領域，實現“三個集中(zhong)”，即推動國(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本向關系國(guo)家安全、國(guo)民經濟命脈和(he)(he)國(guo)計(ji)民生的重要(yao)行業(ye)和(he)(he)關鍵(jian)領域、重點(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎設施(shi)集中(zhong)，向前瞻性(xing)戰略性(xing)產(chan)業(ye)集中(zhong)，向具(ju)有(you)核心競爭力(li)的優勢企業(ye)集中(zhong)。
二(er)是建立健(jian)全國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本布局(ju)和(he)結構調整機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。制(zhi)定國(guo)(guo)家發展規劃、產業政策和(he)國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本收益分配(pei)管(guan)(guan)理規則(ze)，建立健(jian)全國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本進退機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，引導國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本優化投資(zi)(zi)方向和(he)投資(zi)(zi)領域。推(tui)進經營(ying)性國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產集(ji)中統(tong)一監(jian)管(guan)(guan)，穩步(bu)將(jiang)黨政機(ji)(ji)關、事(shi)業單位所屬企業的(de)國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本納入經營(ying)性國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產集(ji)中統(tong)一監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體系，為(wei)擴大國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本配(pei)置(zhi)范圍、提高配(pei)置(zhi)效率創(chuang)造條(tiao)件(jian)。加強國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產基(ji)礎管(guan)(guan)理，統(tong)一制(zhi)度(du)規范、統(tong)一工作(zuo)體系，強化對國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本布局(ju)結構調整的(de)支撐服(fu)務。
三是運用市(shi)場化方式推動國有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)合理流動優(you)(you)化配(pei)置(zhi)。充分發揮國有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)投資(zi)、運營公(gong)司的(de)(de)作用，清理退出一(yi)批、重(zhong)組整合一(yi)批、創新(xin)發展一(yi)批國有(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)。建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)優(you)(you)勝劣汰(tai)市(shi)場化退出機(ji)制，切(qie)實(shi)保障退出企業(ye)(ye)(ye)依(yi)法實(shi)行關閉(bi)或破產，加快(kuai)處置(zhi)低效無效資(zi)產，淘汰(tai)落后產能。建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)國有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)形態轉換機(ji)制，支持(chi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)依(yi)法合規通過(guo)證券交易(yi)、產權(quan)交易(yi)等資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場，以市(shi)場公(gong)允價格(ge)處置(zhi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)產，將變現(xian)的(de)(de)國有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)用于更需要(yao)的(de)(de)領域和行業(ye)(ye)(ye)。支持(chi)國有(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)開展國際化經營，鼓勵國有(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)之間以及(ji)與其(qi)他所有(you)(you)制企業(ye)(ye)(ye)以資(zi)本(ben)為紐帶，強(qiang)強(qiang)聯合、優(you)(you)勢互補，加快(kuai)培育一(yi)批具有(you)(you)世界一(yi)流水(shui)平的(de)(de)跨國公(gong)司。
三、按照以管資本為主的(de)要求加強國有資產監(jian)督，切實(shi)維護(hu)國有資產安(an)全(quan)
國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)來(lai)之不易，是(shi)全國(guo)人(ren)民(min)的(de)共同(tong)(tong)財富，是(shi)全面建成小康(kang)社會、實(shi)現全體人(ren)民(min)共同(tong)(tong)富裕的(de)重要物質基礎。國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革要先(xian)加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)、防(fang)止國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)流失，這一條做不好，國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)其(qi)他改(gai)革難以取得(de)預期成效。近(jin)年來(lai)，國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作得(de)到(dao)了有(you)(you)力(li)加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，但(dan)針對性、實(shi)效性還(huan)需要進一步(bu)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，既存(cun)(cun)在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)不到(dao)位、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)不力(li)等(deng)(deng)問題，也(ye)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)多頭檢(jian)查、重復監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)等(deng)(deng)問題，一些國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)也(ye)暴露(lu)出管(guan)理不規范(fan)、內(nei)部人(ren)控制(zhi)(zhi)嚴重、企(qi)業(ye)領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)員權力(li)缺乏制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)等(deng)(deng)問題。要按照(zhao)《指導(dao)意見》部署，按照(zhao)以管(guan)資(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)要求(qiu)加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，沿國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)投資(zi)運營和管(guan)理的(de)全鏈條，突出監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作重點，發揮(hui)企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、出資(zi)人(ren)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)和各監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)主(zhu)體的(de)功(gong)能作用，加快形成全面覆蓋(gai)、分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)明確(que)、協同(tong)(tong)配合、制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)有(you)(you)力(li)的(de)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)體系，切實(shi)防(fang)止國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)流失，保障和促進國(guo)有(you)(you)經濟健康(kang)發展。
一(yi)是強(qiang)(qiang)化企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)(bu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督。進一(yi)步(bu)明確企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)作為維護(hu)國有資產(chan)安(an)全、防止流(liu)失的(de)責任主(zhu)體。完善(shan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)(bu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督體系，建(jian)立(li)橫向涵蓋企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)各治理主(zhu)體和(he)職能部(bu)(bu)門、縱向包括各子(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)板(ban)塊的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督工作體系，形成監(jian)(jian)(jian)督合(he)力(li)。突(tu)出監(jian)(jian)(jian)督重點(dian)，對(dui)權力(li)集(ji)中、資金密集(ji)、資源富集(ji)、資產(chan)聚(ju)集(ji)的(de)部(bu)(bu)門和(he)崗位加強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督，實行分(fen)事(shi)行權、分(fen)崗設權、分(fen)級授權，定期輪崗，防止權力(li)濫(lan)用。進一(yi)步(bu)落(luo)實董事(shi)會、監(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督職責，加強(qiang)(qiang)法(fa)律審核把關(guan)，實現(xian)依(yi)法(fa)治企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。加強(qiang)(qiang)職工民主(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督，健(jian)全企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)民主(zhu)管理制度(du)，充分(fen)保障(zhang)職工群眾對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改(gai)革發展(zhan)的(de)知情(qing)權、參與權和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督權。
二是完善(shan)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。堅持(chi)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)管(guan)理和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)統一(yi)(yi)，進一(yi)(yi)步加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。健全國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)規劃投資(zi)(zi)、改(gai)制重組、產權管(guan)理、財務評價、業(ye)績考核(he)、選人(ren)(ren)用人(ren)(ren)、薪酬分配等規范(fan)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本運作(zuo)、防止流失的(de)制度(du)(du)，加(jia)大對國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)制度(du)(du)執行情況(kuang)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)力(li)度(du)(du)。開展(zhan)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)機(ji)構向所出資(zi)(zi)企(qi)業(ye)依(yi)法(fa)委派(pai)總會(hui)計(ji)師試點(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)對企(qi)業(ye)重大財務事(shi)項的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)業(ye)境外(wai)(wai)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，確(que)保企(qi)業(ye)境外(wai)(wai)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產安全可控、有(you)(you)(you)(you)效運營。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和(he)改(gai)進外(wai)(wai)派(pai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，明確(que)職(zhi)責定位，發揮監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會(hui)作(zuo)為出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)專門力(li)量的(de)作(zuo)用，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)當期和(he)事(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)成果運用，建立健全核(he)查、移交和(he)整改(gai)機(ji)制。
三是加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)與(yu)各(ge)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)力(li)量的(de)(de)協同配合(he)。大(da)力(li)支持審計(ji)(ji)、紀檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)和(he)(he)(he)巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)等監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機(ji)構(gou)開展工(gong)作。進一步厘清(qing)政府部(bu)門公(gong)(gong)共(gong)審計(ji)(ji)、出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人(ren)審計(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)內部(bu)審計(ji)(ji)之間的(de)(de)職(zhi)責分(fen)工(gong)，健(jian)全國有(you)資(zi)(zi)本審計(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)體系和(he)(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)度。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)紀檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)和(he)(he)(he)巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)工(gong)作，強(qiang)化對企(qi)業(ye)領導人(ren)員廉潔從(cong)業(ye)、行使(shi)權力(li)等的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，加(jia)(jia)大(da)大(da)案要案查(cha)處(chu)力(li)度。積極配合(he)建立(li)(li)外部(bu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)協同機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，整合(he)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人(ren)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管、外派(pai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事會(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)與(yu)審計(ji)(ji)、紀檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)、巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)等監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)力(li)量，建立(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)工(gong)作會(hui)(hui)商機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)統籌，減少重復檢查(cha)，提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)效能。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)社會(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，完善國有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)國有(you)企(qi)業(ye)信(xin)息公(gong)(gong)開制(zhi)(zhi)度，設立(li)(li)統一的(de)(de)信(xin)息網絡平臺，充分(fen)發揮(hui)輿論(lun)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)作用，有(you)效保障社會(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)對企(qi)業(ye)國有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)運營的(de)(de)知情權和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)權。
四是嚴(yan)格責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)追(zhui)究(jiu)(jiu)。加大(da)(da)對國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)違規經營責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)追(zhui)究(jiu)(jiu)力(li)(li)度，建立(li)健全(quan)(quan)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)重大(da)(da)決(jue)策(ce)失(shi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、瀆職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)追(zhui)究(jiu)(jiu)和倒查(cha)機制，完善重大(da)(da)決(jue)策(ce)評估、決(jue)策(ce)事(shi)項履職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)記錄、決(jue)策(ce)過錯認定(ding)標準等(deng)配套制度，嚴(yan)厲(li)查(cha)處(chu)侵吞、貪污、輸送(song)、揮霍(huo)國(guo)有(you)資產和逃廢金融債務的行為。建立(li)健全(quan)(quan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)國(guo)有(you)資產的監(jian)督(du)問責(ze)(ze)(ze)機制，對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)重大(da)(da)違法違紀(ji)問題敷(fu)衍不追(zhui)、隱匿不報、查(cha)處(chu)不力(li)(li)的，嚴(yan)格追(zhui)究(jiu)(jiu)有(you)關人員失(shi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瀆職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，確(que)保監(jian)督(du)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)落到實處(chu)，形成監(jian)督(du)工(gong)作閉(bi)環，充分(fen)體現監(jian)督(du)工(gong)作的嚴(yan)肅(su)性(xing)和權(quan)威(wei)性(xing)。
以管(guan)資(zi)本為主加強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)有資(zi)產監管(guan)是(shi)深(shen)化國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)改革(ge)的(de)一項重大任務。我們要認(ren)真貫徹落實(shi)黨的(de)十八(ba)大和(he)十八(ba)屆三中、四中全會精神，深(shen)入學(xue)習(xi)貫徹習(xi)近平總書記系列(lie)重要講話(hua)精神，自覺(jue)踐行“三嚴(yan)三實(shi)”要求，堅(jian)決貫徹黨中央、國(guo)(guo)務院關于深(shen)化國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)改革(ge)的(de)重大決策部署，加快落實(shi)以管(guan)資(zi)本為主加強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)有資(zi)產監管(guan)，為做(zuo)(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)(zuo)優做(zuo)(zuo)大國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)、發展壯(zhuang)大國(guo)(guo)有經濟提供堅(jian)強(qiang)保障。
