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在(zai)我國，90%的(de)300米以上(shang)摩天(tian)大(da)樓、3/4的(de)重點機場、3/4的(de)衛星(xing)發射基地(di)、1/3的(de)城市綜(zong)合管(guan)廊、1/2的(de)核電(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)由中(zhong)國建(jian)筑(zhu)投資建(jian)設，而你可能不知道的(de)是(shi)，近年(nian)來中(zhong)國建(jian)筑(zhu)已從陸(lu)上(shang)發展(zhan)到深海。2017年(nian)底，洋(yang)山深水(shui)港(gang)(gang)四(si)期工程即將開港(gang)(gang)試運行，屆時擁有(you)7個大(da)型(xing)深水(shui)泊位(wei)的(de)洋(yang)山港(gang)(gang)四(si)期將成為世界最(zui)大(da)的(de)自動化集裝箱碼頭。

洋(yang)山深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)是世(shi)界最大的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)島型人工深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)，也是建(jian)設上海(hai)(hai)國際(ji)航(hang)運中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)戰略和樞紐型工程。洋(yang)山港(gang)(gang)(gang)全面建(jian)成后，將(jiang)助推(tui)上海(hai)(hai)港(gang)(gang)(gang)年集裝箱(xiang)吞吐量(liang)(liang)突破4000萬TEU（標(biao)準(zhun)箱(xiang)），這個(ge)數字超過了(le)美(mei)國九(jiu)大港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)的(de)(de)吞吐總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)，也是目前全球港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)年吞吐量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)分之一(yi)。從2002年6月26日中(zhong)國建(jian)筑(zhu)工程總(zong)(zong)公司旗下(xia)的(de)(de)中(zhong)建(jian)港(gang)(gang)(gang)務在洋(yang)山深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)區一(yi)期C標(biao)碼頭打下(xia)第一(yi)根樁開始，經過十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年的(de)(de)建(jian)設歷(li)程，把一(yi)個(ge)僅有(you)3000原住漁民的(de)(de)孤島小漁村，變成了(le)一(yi)片總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)相當于1000多(duo)個(ge)足(zu)球場(chang)大小的(de)(de)現代化深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)新“桑(sang)田”，譜(pu)寫出(chu)一(yi)幅壯(zhuang)美(mei)的(de)(de)現代版“精衛填海(hai)(hai)”歷(li)史新長卷(juan)。

“精衛填海”，筑就世界第一深水大港

開工以前的(de)洋(yang)山深(shen)(shen)水(shui)港，是距離上海(hai)30公里互不相鄰(lin)的(de)10余個(ge)小海(hai)島，之間海(hai)溝深(shen)(shen)度(du)最(zui)深(shen)(shen)超過30米(mi)。如(ru)今15年(nian)過去，海(hai)溝已(yi)經填平，海(hai)島連(lian)在(zai)一起(qi)，形成(cheng)了陸域(yu)面積超過8平方公里的(de)現(xian)代(dai)洋(yang)山深(shen)(shen)水(shui)港區，與大陸通過東(dong)海(hai)大橋連(lian)接。據不完全統(tong)計，為了填平這些海(hai)溝，洋(yang)山砂(sha)石拋填總量超過1億(yi)立方米(mi)，相當于在(zai)平均水(shui)深(shen)(shen)20多米(mi)的(de)島嶼之間，在(zai)1000多個(ge)足球場的(de)范圍(wei)內，將砂(sha)石堆到七層樓(lou)的(de)高度(du)。

建設前的小洋山

洋山港一二三期

洋山港(gang)(gang)(gang)工程從(cong)2002年開工建(jian)(jian)設，一(yi)(yi)至三期工程現已完工，共有16個7萬-15萬噸級深水集(ji)裝箱(xiang)泊位(wei)。中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)(gang)務和兄弟單位(wei)一(yi)(yi)起，累計(ji)建(jian)(jian)成集(ji)裝箱(xiang)深水港(gang)(gang)(gang)碼頭(tou)岸線5.6公里(li)、集(ji)裝箱(xiang)堆(dui)場8平(ping)方公里(li)，釋放出年集(ji)裝箱(xiang)吞吐量超過1500萬TEU的生產能力，為上海港(gang)(gang)(gang)連續多年雄踞(ju)全(quan)球集(ji)裝箱(xiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)大(da)港(gang)(gang)(gang)提供了最為堅定的支撐(cheng)。

即將收尾的洋山(shan)港四期(qi)工程，碼頭岸(an)線長2350米，陸域總面(mian)積223.16萬平方米，建(jian)設(she)(she)7個大型深(shen)水泊位。中建(jian)港務的主要建(jian)設(she)(she)內容包括：水工碼頭、工作船碼頭、地基加固、道(dao)路堆場(chang)以(yi)及綜合辦(ban)公樓建(jian)設(she)(she)，工程量達到洋山(shan)四期(qi)全部土(tu)建(jian)工程總量的75%。建(jian)設(she)(she)洋山(shan)港的15年間，中建(jian)港務在小(xiao)洋山(shan)海域的狂風巨浪中，累計成(cheng)功(gong)沉樁7147根，首尾相接長度超過(guo)443114延長米，排(pai)在地表約(yue)等于上海到合肥的陸路距離。

自動化的洋山港四期工程

“群鴻戲海”，領跑水工工程建設新標準

架高100米打樁船“中建樁7”打樁現場

洋山(shan)(shan)港建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)至(zhi)今，中建(jian)(jian)港務(wu)洋山(shan)(shan)項(xiang)目(mu)總部(bu)致力(li)于打(da)造國內水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)新高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)，3項(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)獲評(ping)國家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)，6項(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)被評(ping)為(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通部(bu)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)。洋山(shan)(shan)四期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中，洋山(shan)(shan)項(xiang)目(mu)總部(bu)編制和實施(shi)的(de)《洋山(shan)(shan)四期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)手冊》，在(zai)中國建(jian)(jian)筑所屬系統率(lv)先確(que)立水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)典范(fan)。2016年，在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通運(yun)輸部(bu)質(zhi)監局、上(shang)海市交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)監站(zhan)指導下(xia)，項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)率(lv)先在(zai)國內水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)界(jie)開展《水(shui)(shui)運(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)》試(shi)點，編制實施(shi)《水(shui)(shui)運(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)指南(nan)實施(shi)方案(an)》。2016年9月(yue)28日，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通部(bu)百人(ren)專家(jia)(jia)團到現場觀摩，對(dui)洋山(shan)(shan)四期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)細節、質(zhi)量安(an)全和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)等內容進(jin)行深(shen)(shen)入(ru)探(tan)討，一(yi)致給予高(gao)度評(ping)價。中建(jian)(jian)港務(wu)參與編制的(de)《上(shang)海國際航運(yun)中心洋山(shan)(shan)深(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)港區四期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)U型槽軌枕道砟(zha)基礎及軌道安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量檢驗標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)（試(shi)行）》，正(zheng)進(jin)入(ru)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通部(bu)部(bu)級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)審核流程(cheng)(cheng)。 

“金翅擘海”，智造技術領先新港區

起重船正在安裝洋山四期工作船碼頭首個沉箱

15年(nian)的(de)洋山建設史，是一部(bu)中(zhong)建港務洋山人(ren)的(de)科技(ji)創新奮斗(dou)史。面對第(di)(di)一次施(shi)(shi)打(da)大(da)口徑密排(pai)鋼(gang)管樁，第(di)(di)一次施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)海(hai)上大(da)體積高性能混凝土，第(di)(di)一次自主(zhu)制造大(da)口徑高標(biao)準螺旋鋼(gang)管樁，第(di)(di)一次見識水下陽極塊，第(di)(di)一次實(shi)施(shi)(shi)深海(hai)地(di)基加固，第(di)(di)一次施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)水下倒濾層……中(zhong)建港務在眾(zhong)多(duo)參建隊伍中(zhong)第(di)(di)一個獲得國家發明和實(shi)用(yong)新型(xing)專利，完成水工(gong)(gong)碼(ma)頭、地(di)基加固、道(dao)堆施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)多(duo)項技(ji)術總結(jie)，為企業核心(xin)競(jing)爭力的(de)提升集聚了大(da)量的(de)寶貴財富。

在(zai)對吹砂堆(dui)積區域(yu)進(jin)行振(zhen)沖(chong)加(jia)固時(shi)，中(zhong)建港務(wu)的(de)振(zhen)沖(chong)裝置要深入到地(di)表(biao)以下(xia)20多米進(jin)行振(zhen)沖(chong)，整個振(zhen)沖(chong)過程(cheng)都是在(zai)監(jian)(jian)管人員目(mu)光無(wu)法(fa)(fa)觸(chu)及的(de)“黑箱”中(zhong)進(jin)行的(de)，洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)自主開(kai)(kai)發出(chu)“自動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)下(xia)深層粉(fen)細砂地(di)基(ji)(ji)振(zhen)沖(chong)施工(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)。在(zai)對洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)原始(shi)地(di)貌(mao)中(zhong)的(de)淤(yu)泥地(di)區進(jin)行加(jia)固時(shi)，項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)又(you)開(kai)(kai)發出(chu)“自動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)條件下(xia)具有(you)穩帶技術的(de)塑料排(pai)水板(ban)施工(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)。最(zui)后，他們又(you)將(jiang)自動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統應用到碎石回填(tian)區域(yu)加(jia)固施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，開(kai)(kai)發出(chu)“利用自動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統進(jin)行施工(gong)(gong)質量控(kong)制的(de)強夯(hang)施工(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)。至此，中(zhong)建港務(wu)將(jiang)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)地(di)基(ji)(ji)加(jia)固領域(yu)中(zhong)三大常(chang)用工(gong)(gong)藝全部(bu)實現了施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)的(de)自動(dong)(dong)化。

經過15年(nian)的創新(xin)，中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)筑洋山港項(xiang)目獲得(de)1項(xiang)全國(guo)科技(ji)進(jin)步二等獎(jiang)，1項(xiang)上海(hai)市(shi)科技(ji)進(jin)步一等獎(jiang)，4項(xiang)發明專(zhuan)利，9項(xiang)實用新(xin)型專(zhuan)利，5項(xiang)全國(guo)發明展覽會金獎(jiang)、銀獎(jiang)。 

精彩不止洋山港

洋山青年突擊隊

除洋山港(gang)項目外(wai)，中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑在海外(wai)水工(gong)市(shi)場也收獲了大(da)量訂單。今年(nian)5月24日(ri)，由中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑承建(jian)(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)港(gang)務和中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)八局負(fu)責具(ju)體(ti)實施的非(fei)洲(zhou)吉布提多(duo)哈(ha)雷多(duo)功能(neng)港(gang)口(一(yi)期)舉行開港(gang)儀式。吉布提多(duo)哈(ha)雷港(gang)設計(ji)吞吐能(neng)力為20萬標準(zhun)箱，合同(tong)金(jin)額為4.217億美元，是中(zhong)資建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑企業迄今為止在東(dong)北非(fei)地(di)(di)區承接(jie)的最(zui)大(da)規模港(gang)口項目，是中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑目前完成的海外(wai)最(zui)大(da)的水工(gong)項目。吉布提地(di)(di)處亞非(fei)歐十字路口，是國際主(zhu)航(hang)線必(bi)經(jing)之地(di)(di)，也是一(yi)帶一(yi)路上(shang)重(zhong)要的銜(xian)接(jie)點。

不(bu)論(lun)是陸上(shang)還是海上(shang)，中國(guo)建筑(zhu)都以一貫的工(gong)程質量廣受好(hao)評，進而拓展(zhan)了更(geng)大的市場(chang)。據統計，中國(guo)建筑(zhu)營業收入(ru)平均每十(shi)二年(nian)增長十(shi)倍(bei)。位居(ju)2016年(nian)度(du)《財富》世(shi)界(jie)500強第(di)24位，獲得標普、穆(mu)迪、惠譽等國(guo)際三(san)大評級(ji)機構(gou)信(xin)用(yong)評級(ji)A級(ji)，為全(quan)球建筑(zhu)行業最高(gao)信(xin)用(yong)評級(ji)。

截至十(shi)二(er)五(wu)末(mo)，中國(guo)建筑(zhu)基(ji)礎設(she)施已完(wan)成(cheng)投資(zi)2000億元(yuan)，續投將達(da)萬(wan)(wan)億元(yuan)，投資(zi)、建設(she)和運營(ying)的(de)鐵路里程(cheng)1800多公(gong)里；公(gong)路里程(cheng)達(da)十(shi)幾萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)里；軌道(dao)交通里程(cheng)數百公(gong)里。隧(sui)道(dao)、橋梁、機場、港(gang)口、核電(dian)等工程(cheng)星羅棋(qi)布，并已成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)家城市綜合管廊和海綿(mian)城市建設(she)的(de)主力軍。按(an)照(zhao)“十(shi)三五(wu)”規劃，在中國(guo)建筑(zhu)轉型升級的(de)宏(hong)偉藍圖中，中國(guo)建筑(zhu)基(ji)礎設(she)施業務(wu)將站在歷(li)史高點上(shang)再出發(fa)。 （國(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)資(zi)委網站 王鈺(yu)）