文章來源：財管運行(xing)局 發布時(shi)間(jian)：2021-01-20
近日，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)委(wei)印發(fa)了《關于切實加強(qiang)金融衍生業(ye)務(wu)管(guan)理有關事項的(de)通知(zhi)》（國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)發(fa)財評規〔2020〕8號，以下簡稱(cheng)《通知(zhi)》）,對原有金融衍生業(ye)務(wu)監管(guan)制度進行(xing)了整合、修訂。《通知(zhi)》出臺(tai)后，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)委(wei)有關負責人接受了記者采訪。
1.問：請介紹一下《通知》出臺的背景。
答：金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)大(da)型企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理價(jia)(jia)(jia)格風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)常用(yong)手段，可有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)對沖現(xian)貨價(jia)(jia)(jia)格波動風(feng)(feng)險(xian)，促進(jin)(jin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平穩(wen)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。但金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)本身也是(shi)一(yi)把“雙刃劍”，具(ju)有(you)高杠桿性、高風(feng)(feng)險(xian)性和(he)復雜性，如管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控不(bu)當，易發生(sheng)損(sun)失風(feng)(feng)險(xian)。為指導企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)強金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控，國(guo)資(zi)委先后印發了《關(guan)于(yu)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)強中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)通知》(國(guo)資(zi)發評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)〔2009〕19號)、《關(guan)于(yu)建(jian)立中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臨時(shi)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機制(zhi)的(de)(de)通知》(國(guo)資(zi)發評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)〔2010〕187號)、《關(guan)于(yu)取(qu)消中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)境(jing)外商品(pin)(pin)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)核(he)準事項的(de)(de)通知》（國(guo)資(zi)發評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)〔2015〕42號），構(gou)建(jian)了中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)度框架體(ti)系。多年(nian)來，中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)按(an)照監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)要求，審(shen)慎開展業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控風(feng)(feng)險(xian)，業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總體(ti)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)平穩(wen)。但監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中發現(xian)，有(you)部分(fen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存在集(ji)團(tuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控不(bu)到(dao)位、業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)審(shen)批不(bu)嚴格、操作程序(xu)不(bu)規(gui)范、激勵趨向投機以及業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)報告不(bu)及時(shi)、不(bu)準確等問(wen)題。同時(shi)，隨著近(jin)年(nian)來中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)快“走出去(qu)”步伐，積極拓展國(guo)際業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，運(yun)(yun)用(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)工具(ju)對沖大(da)宗商品(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格、利率(lv)、匯率(lv)波動風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)需求增多，開展金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)出現(xian)一(yi)些新情況、新變化，現(xian)行(xing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)度已不(bu)能充分(fen)滿(man)足企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實際業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)需要。
貫徹落實十九屆四中(zhong)全(quan)會關于“增強國(guo)(guo)有經(jing)濟抗風(feng)險能(neng)力”的(de)精(jing)神，為進一步指導(dao)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業規范開展金(jin)融衍(yan)生業務(wu)，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)揮其功能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)同時，切實有效(xiao)管(guan)控風(feng)險，國(guo)(guo)資委在(zai)(zai)廣(guang)泛征求中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業和有關監管(guan)部門意見的(de)基礎上，對監管(guan)制度進行(xing)了(le)整(zheng)合、修訂(ding)，研究制定了(le)《通(tong)知》，經(jing)由國(guo)(guo)資委黨委會議審議通(tong)過后印發(fa)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業執行(xing)。
2.問：制定《通知》的主要原則是什么？
答：總體原(yuan)則是，堅持(chi)從嚴管(guan)(guan)控(kong)，堅持(chi)套(tao)期保值，堅持(chi)風(feng)險可控(kong)，嚴把“入口關”、“規(gui)模關”、“操(cao)作關”，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)明確各(ge)級主體責任，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)明晰(xi)業(ye)務原(yuan)則，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)規(gui)范操(cao)作流程，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)加強監督檢查，指(zhi)導企業(ye)建立“嚴格管(guan)(guan)控(kong)、規(gui)范操(cao)作、風(feng)險可控(kong)”的(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)衍生(sheng)業(ye)務監管(guan)(guan)體系，切實發揮好金(jin)(jin)融(rong)衍生(sheng)業(ye)務促進(jin)(jin)(jin)企業(ye)平穩運行的(de)作用(yong)。
在《通知》起草過(guo)程中(zhong)，注重與(yu)原制(zhi)度(du)(du)相銜接，實現(xian)平穩(wen)過(guo)渡；注重以問題和(he)風險為導向，解決企業實踐中(zhong)存(cun)在的突出問題，補(bu)足制(zhi)度(du)(du)短板；注重立足企業實際，充(chong)分吸收(shou)企業好的做法和(he)管理經(jing)驗，提煉為制(zhi)度(du)(du)規定，力求指(zhi)導性(xing)、可操作(zuo)性(xing)強。
3.問：《通知》主要在哪些方面進行了修訂？
答：《通知》包括六個部分內(nei)容，覆蓋事(shi)前、事(shi)中和事(shi)后的關鍵環節。較原有制度的變化主要(yao)體現在(zai)以下幾個方面(mian)。
一(yi)是落實各主體管(guan)控責任。進一(yi)步(bu)明確集團(tuan)董(dong)事會、集團(tuan)管(guan)理層及集團(tuan)職(zhi)能部門(men)、操作(zuo)主體的職(zhi)責，建(jian)立健全三級管(guan)理體系(xi)，嚴格業務管(guan)控。
二(er)是強化套(tao)期保值原則。在(zai)堅持(chi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)品種與主業相關、交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)時(shi)間(jian)、規(gui)模、方向(xiang)與實貨匹配(pei)等要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，進一步強調套(tao)期保值的(de)(de)實質和(he)原則，即以降(jiang)低實貨風險敞口(kou)為(wei)目的(de)(de)，禁止(zhi)投機交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)；通過增(zeng)加總量(liang)和(he)時(shi)點規(gui)模雙管控，嚴防超規(gui)模交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)；通過要(yao)求(qiu)建立科(ke)學的(de)(de)激(ji)勵約束(shu)和(he)業務效果綜合(he)評判(pan)機制(zhi)，防止(zhi)片面(mian)追求(qiu)金融(rong)衍生(sheng)業務單邊盈利導致投機行為(wei)。
三是(shi)實施分類(lei)管控。針對貨幣(bi)類(lei)、商品(pin)類(lei)衍生業(ye)務(wu)的(de)不同特(te)點和(he)風(feng)險程度，在業(ye)務(wu)規模、崗位設置(zhi)、信息系統等方面區別對待，即(ji)體現從嚴監管，又貼合企業(ye)實際(ji)。
四是(shi)細(xi)化風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管控要(yao)求(qiu)。在監(jian)控手(shou)段上(shang)，增加有關建立信息系統的要(yao)求(qiu)，實現在線監(jian)測，固化制度規定(ding)；在風(feng)險(xian)(xian)預警上(shang)，提出采用(yong)定(ding)量及定(ding)性方法及時識別各類風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的要(yao)求(qiu)；在應急處理上(shang)，明確處理要(yao)求(qiu)，妥善做好(hao)應對(dui)。
五是嚴(yan)控(kong)操(cao)作關(guan)鍵節點(dian)。堅持前中(zhong)后臺分離原則(ze)，嚴(yan)格合(he)規管(guan)理；強調授(shou)權審(shen)批要求，嚴(yan)防(fang)越權違規操(cao)作；增加保證金管(guan)控(kong)要求，規范資(zi)金使用，防(fang)范資(zi)金風險；建(jian)立(li)風險管(guan)理日報告、部(bu)門月核對、管(guan)理層季溝(gou)通機制，加強業務動態管(guan)理。
六是(shi)強化監督檢(jian)(jian)查。對審(shen)計(ji)監督的原(yuan)則性要求進行(xing)細化，明確集團歸口管(guan)理部(bu)(bu)門(men)和內審(shen)部(bu)(bu)門(men)的監督檢(jian)(jian)查責(ze)任和側重點，嚴防違規事項，確保制度落(luo)實。
4.問：國資委將采取哪些監管措施？
答：國資(zi)委的(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)仍然聚焦在(zai)事中跟蹤監(jian)(jian)測與事后監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)，督(du)促企業加強風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)控。一是在(zai)日常工作中，建立定期(qi)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)制(zhi)度，要求企業按(an)(an)季(ji)、按(an)(an)年報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)業務(wu)開展情(qing)況，對(dui)于重(zhong)(zhong)大事項，要求24小時內專(zhuan)項報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)。二是嚴肅問(wen)責追責，對(dui)于發(fa)生重(zhong)(zhong)大損失風(feng)險、造(zao)成嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響等(deng)問(wen)題的(de)，將在(zai)業績考(kao)核中予以扣分或降級處理，并根據干部管(guan)(guan)理權限開展責任追究。三是會同有(you)關(guan)部門，通過定期(qi)會商、信息共(gong)享(xiang)、聯合(he)檢(jian)查(cha)等(deng)方(fang)式，形成監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)合(he)力，提升(sheng)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)業性。
5.問:國資委對抓好《通知》的落實有什么具體工作安排？
答:《通(tong)知(zhi)》下(xia)發(fa)后,國(guo)資委將對(dui)(dui)中央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)和(he)地方國(guo)資監管部門進行培訓，就修訂的重點內容(rong)進行講解和(he)說明，幫(bang)(bang)助準確(que)理解和(he)把握《通(tong)知(zhi)》的內容(rong)和(he)要求。做好日常對(dui)(dui)口指導(dao)，答(da)疑解惑，及時幫(bang)(bang)助解決工作中遇到的困難(nan)和(he)問題。加強對(dui)(dui)《通(tong)知(zhi)》執行情況(kuang)的跟蹤評測，督促企(qi)業(ye)切實將《通(tong)知(zhi)》要求落實到位。