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新基(ji)建風口(kou)下，各(ge)路(lu)資(zi)本、各(ge)方(fang)人馬(ma)涌入(ru)充(chong)電樁行(xing)業，能否破解(jie)其盈利困境(jing)？未(wei)來(lai)行(xing)業發展的方(fang)向是什么(me)？近日，國網電動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)服務有限公司(si)（以下簡稱國網電動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公司(si)）董事長、黨委書記全生明(ming)表示，今年以來(lai)，疫情加劇(ju)了充(chong)電樁行(xing)業的盈利難度，但(dan)新基(ji)建等(deng)一系列政策出臺給這一行(xing)業打(da)了一針強心劑(ji)。

據透(tou)露，作(zuo)為(wei)充換電行(xing)業的國(guo)家隊，國(guo)網電動汽車公(gong)司正在加(jia)快構建“全(quan)國(guo)充電一張網”。預(yu)計(ji)(ji)到2020年(nian)底(di)，平臺將(jiang)實現(xian)注冊用戶數突破500萬(wan)，累計(ji)(ji)接入充電樁100萬(wan)根(gen)，年(nian)充電量達到15億(yi)千(qian)瓦時。

充換電行業盈利難度加大

近年來，在各方(fang)共同努力下，我國新能源汽車進入(ru)加速發展的新階段。作(zuo)為其不可或缺的配套產業，充換電行(xing)業也取得了巨大(da)進步。

根據中國(guo)電(dian)動汽車充電(dian)基礎(chu)設施(shi)促(cu)進(jin)聯(lian)盟統計，截至今年5月，全國(guo)充電(dian)基礎(chu)設施(shi)累(lei)計數量為(wei)129.9萬(wan)臺，同比增加33.1%。其中公共充電(dian)樁保(bao)(bao)有(you)量55萬(wan)臺，私人(ren)充電(dian)樁保(bao)(bao)有(you)量74.9萬(wan)臺。“可以說，充換電(dian)基礎(chu)設施(shi)的(de)建設為(wei)滿足(zu)充電(dian)需求(qiu)做出(chu)了(le)(le)突出(chu)貢獻(xian)，有(you)力保(bao)(bao)障了(le)(le)我國(guo)新(xin)能源汽車產業的(de)快(kuai)速發展。”全生明稱。

但他表示，由于目(mu)前新能源(yuan)汽車(che)在整體汽車(che)存量中占比仍然較(jiao)小，充(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)行業普遍存在項目(mu)投入大、落地難、回收周期長(chang)等問題(ti)，加之(zhi)設施平(ping)均利用率低(di)、市場競爭激(ji)烈，各平(ping)臺尚未實現完(wan)全(quan)互(hu)聯互(hu)通，運營(ying)(ying)商(shang)缺(que)乏流量變現手(shou)段等因素(su)，導致充(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)行業盈利比較(jiao)困難。特別是今年以來，受(shou)疫(yi)情影響，私家車(che)、運營(ying)(ying)車(che)等各類(lei)車(che)輛充(chong)電(dian)需求驟降(jiang)，各充(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)運營(ying)(ying)商(shang)上半年的(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)量、服務(wu)費收入顯著降(jiang)低(di)，在盈利方(fang)式單(dan)一(yi)、缺(que)乏其(qi)他增值服務(wu)收入的(de)情況(kuang)下，進一(yi)步加劇了行業盈利難度。

全生明(ming)說，目(mu)前充(chong)換電行業(ye)還存在(zai)設施(shi)分布不均(jun)衡、互聯互通廣度和深(shen)度不夠、智能(neng)化和互動化水平不高等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)，同時社(she)區建(jian)(jian)樁(zhuang)難、數量少、利(li)用率低，影響了新能(neng)源車主用車體(ti)驗和獲得感，充(chong)電樁(zhuang)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設亟待加(jia)強，充(chong)換電行業(ye)亟須更(geng)多(duo)的政(zheng)策支持和指(zhi)導(dao)。

迎來新基建政策春風

全生明認為，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁被納(na)入新(xin)基建及(ji)一系列相關支持(chi)政策的(de)(de)(de)出臺，彰(zhang)顯(xian)了(le)國(guo)家(jia)支持(chi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)及(ji)充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)決心(xin)，這(zhe)(zhe)將有效解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)難題、促(cu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)加快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，對拉動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)走出短期底(di)部(bu)、保障行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)行(xing)穩致遠、更(geng)好滿足人民美好生活需要，具有重要意義。同時，這(zhe)(zhe)也給充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)打了(le)一針(zhen)強(qiang)心(xin)劑，有利(li)于(yu)設備(bei)制造商、運營商等產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈上下游(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，提升核心(xin)技術(shu)與創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力；有利(li)于(yu)吸(xi)引更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)資本進(jin)入充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域，營造共建共營的(de)(de)(de)良好發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)局面；有利(li)于(yu)補齊(qi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)短板，提振老百姓對新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)消費信(xin)心(xin)，助力行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)長遠發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)國(guo)家(jia)戰略(lve)落地。

注意到，最終表(biao)決通過(guo)的《政(zheng)府(fu)工作(zuo)報(bao)告》將(jiang)此前“建設充電(dian)(dian)樁”的表(biao)述(shu)修(xiu)改(gai)為(wei)“增加充電(dian)(dian)樁、換電(dian)(dian)站等設施(shi)”。

在全(quan)生明看來，換電(dian)(dian)站作(zuo)為新基建的重要(yao)組成部分第(di)一次被寫(xie)入《政府工作(zuo)報告》，一方(fang)面意味著(zhu)國(guo)家對(dui)換電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)創新的認可，對(dui)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)分離發(fa)展道路的肯定；另一方(fang)面,就(jiu)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)使用而言，換電(dian)(dian)不僅是相同(tong)規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)池的快速更換，更緩(huan)解了當下電(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)補能速度慢、續(xu)航不可升級、二(er)手車(che)(che)殘值低等(deng)問(wen)題。

他認為(wei)(wei)，根據(ju)目前行(xing)業(ye)整體發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)情(qing)況及(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術變革趨勢判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)，未(wei)來充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)向(xiang)規模化、智能(neng)(neng)化、互動(dong)化、網(wang)(wang)聯(lian)(lian)化、共享(xiang)化方向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。首先，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)在一定程度(du)(du)上(shang)具有網(wang)(wang)絡經濟的(de)(de)特(te)點，平(ping)臺(tai)效(xiao)應、規模效(xiao)應突出，目前已經形成(cheng)國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、特(te)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星星充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)大型運營商為(wei)(wei)主導(dao)、中小微(wei)運營商為(wei)(wei)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)市場格(ge)(ge)局，未(wei)來有望進(jin)(jin)一步發(fa)(fa)揮平(ping)臺(tai)整合(he)作用(yong)，促進(jin)(jin)不同運營商充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁之間的(de)(de)深度(du)(du)互聯(lian)(lian)互通，打(da)造“全國(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一張網(wang)(wang)”的(de)(de)格(ge)(ge)局；其次，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術水平(ping)的(de)(de)不斷(duan)(duan)提升，進(jin)(jin)一步引導(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術向(xiang)智能(neng)(neng)化方向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，以即(ji)插即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、大功率充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、自動(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)重要驅(qu)動(dong)力。同時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁智能(neng)(neng)化、網(wang)(wang)聯(lian)(lian)化水平(ping)提升，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)(jin)一步促進(jin)(jin)個人樁共享(xiang)，提高社區充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁利用(yong)率、降低充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁使(shi)用(yong)成(cheng)本。第三，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)緊密相連，有序充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、V2G、負(fu)荷(he)聚合(he)等(deng)車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)應用(yong)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)(jin)一步挖掘(jue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)移動(dong)儲能(neng)(neng)價值，促進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)與(yu)智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)深度(du)(du)融(rong)合(he)、互動(dong)。此外，利用(yong)負(fu)荷(he)聚合(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術開展(zhan)(zhan)綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交易，聚合(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)參(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輔(fu)助服務，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)推動(dong)實(shi)現新能(neng)(neng)源車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)新能(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，促進(jin)(jin)清潔能(neng)(neng)源消納，助力能(neng)(neng)源轉(zhuan)型。

加快打造“全國充電一張網”

近期以來，北京、上(shang)海、江蘇等多個(ge)地(di)方都先后出臺了充電(dian)樁建設方案。而國(guo)網電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)公(gong)司也在加(jia)碼布局這一賽(sai)道，今年(nian)將(jiang)安排27億元投資充電(dian)設施建設，新增充電(dian)樁7.8萬個(ge)。

“爭做投(tou)資建設(she)(she)的帶動(dong)者，主動(dong)對接各地方新能源(yuan)汽車產業發展(zhan)需求，持續(xu)完善公共、專用充電(dian)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)布局，加快(kuai)社區智能有序充電(dian)設(she)(she)施發展(zhan)，多措并舉引導社會資本積極參與充電(dian)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)。” 全(quan)生明表(biao)示。

在加大(da)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)力度(du)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，國(guo)(guo)網電動(dong)(dong)汽車公司(si)還致(zhi)力于建(jian)(jian)設(she)服務(wu)最(zui)優、接入(ru)最(zui)多、流量(liang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)智慧車聯(lian)網平(ping)臺(tai)，截至目前(qian)，注冊(ce)用(yong)戶數(shu)接近(jin)300萬，接入(ru)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)總數(shu)超過49萬根(gen)。更重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)依托這一平(ping)臺(tai)，廣(guang)泛聚合充(chong)電樁(zhuang)資(zi)源，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)新能源汽車深度(du)融入(ru)電力系統，創新服務(wu)產品(pin)與商業(ye)模(mo)式，吸引行業(ye)合作伙伴共建(jian)(jian)共享，構建(jian)(jian)新能源汽車服務(wu)生態圈。同(tong)時，爭(zheng)做技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創新的(de)(de)(de)先行者，搭建(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)充(chong)電技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創新平(ping)臺(tai)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)充(chong)電設(she)施(shi)智能化(hua)、網聯(lian)化(hua)發展，攻堅大(da)功(gong)率充(chong)電、V2G等關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，牽頭(tou)開展行業(ye)、國(guo)(guo)家、國(guo)(guo)際標準(zhun)(zhun)制修訂，實現標準(zhun)(zhun)引領、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)引領。

邀請符合(he)條件(jian)的(de)合(he)伙人一(yi)同(tong)共建(jian)共享充(chong)(chong)電樁，向中小充(chong)(chong)電運營商提(ti)供運營平臺(tai)，與寶馬等公司開啟戰略合(he)作……一(yi)系列不同(tong)于(yu)以往的(de)動(dong)(dong)作背后是國網電動(dong)(dong)汽車公司全(quan)新的(de)謀劃。

“這(zhe)些舉措一是(shi)引導市(shi)場方向(xiang)(xiang)，實現各企業(ye)的(de)(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)共贏；二是(shi)盤活(huo)市(shi)場資源(yuan)，帶(dai)動(dong)電(dian)動(dong)汽車新能源(yuan)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)；三是(shi)激勵整個產業(ye)鏈相關行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。”全(quan)(quan)生明(ming)表示，合作(zuo)(zuo)建樁(zhuang)業(ye)務(wu)將帶(dai)動(dong)基建施(shi)工、生產制(zhi)造和(he)大數(shu)據(ju)業(ye)務(wu)在橫向(xiang)(xiang)和(he)縱向(xiang)(xiang)上的(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，為培育良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)生態環(huan)境奠定堅實的(de)(de)基礎(chu)。同時，有利于(yu)全(quan)(quan)社會產業(ye)鏈更好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)分工協作(zuo)(zuo)，降(jiang)低全(quan)(quan)社會的(de)(de)綜合建站成(cheng)本(ben)，為中小運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商(shang)進行(xing)減負。此(ci)外(wai)，以平臺(tai)作(zuo)(zuo)為樞(shu)紐，整合樁(zhuang)企、運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商(shang)及充電(dian)用戶資源(yuan)，降(jiang)低整個充電(dian)樁(zhuang)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)成(cheng)本(ben)，達到多方面推動(dong)充電(dian)市(shi)場向(xiang)(xiang)好(hao)(hao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，拉動(dong)幕后產業(ye)鏈效益(yi)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

【責(ze)任編輯：趙藝涵】