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新(xin)基建(jian)風口下(xia)，各路(lu)資本、各方人馬涌入(ru)充(chong)電樁行業，能否破(po)解其盈(ying)利(li)困境？未(wei)來行業發展的方向是什么？近日，國(guo)網電動汽車服(fu)務(wu)有(you)限公司（以下(xia)簡稱國(guo)網電動汽車公司）董事長(chang)、黨委(wei)書記全(quan)生明表示，今(jin)年以來，疫情(qing)加(jia)劇了充(chong)電樁行業的盈(ying)利(li)難(nan)度，但新(xin)基建(jian)等(deng)一(yi)系列(lie)政策出臺給這一(yi)行業打了一(yi)針(zhen)強心劑。

據透露，作(zuo)為充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)行業的(de)國家隊(dui)，國網電(dian)(dian)動汽車公司(si)正在加快構建“全國充(chong)電(dian)(dian)一張網”。預計到2020年底，平臺將(jiang)實現注冊(ce)用(yong)戶(hu)數(shu)突破(po)500萬，累計接(jie)入充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁100萬根，年充(chong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到15億千瓦時。

充換電行業盈利難度加大

近年(nian)來，在各(ge)方(fang)共(gong)同努力下(xia)，我(wo)國新能源(yuan)汽車進(jin)入(ru)加速發展的新階段。作為其不可(ke)或缺的配套產業(ye)，充換電行業(ye)也取(qu)得了巨大進(jin)步。

根據中國(guo)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)促(cu)進聯盟統計，截至(zhi)今(jin)年5月，全國(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)累計數量為129.9萬臺，同比增加33.1%。其中公共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁保(bao)(bao)有(you)量55萬臺，私(si)人(ren)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁保(bao)(bao)有(you)量74.9萬臺。“可以(yi)說，充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)的建設為滿(man)足充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需求做出了突出貢(gong)獻，有(you)力(li)保(bao)(bao)障了我國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源汽車(che)產業的快速發展。”全生明稱(cheng)。

但他(ta)表示，由于目前(qian)新能(neng)源汽車(che)(che)在整體汽車(che)(che)存(cun)量(liang)中占比仍然較(jiao)小(xiao)，充換電(dian)行(xing)業(ye)普遍存(cun)在項目投入大、落地(di)難(nan)、回收周期長等(deng)問題，加之設施平(ping)(ping)均(jun)利(li)用(yong)率低、市場(chang)競爭激烈，各平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)尚未實現完全互聯互通(tong)，運營商缺乏流量(liang)變(bian)現手段等(deng)因素，導(dao)致充換電(dian)行(xing)業(ye)盈利(li)比較(jiao)困難(nan)。特別是今(jin)年以來(lai)，受疫情影響(xiang)，私家車(che)(che)、運營車(che)(che)等(deng)各類車(che)(che)輛充電(dian)需求驟降(jiang)(jiang)，各充換電(dian)運營商上(shang)半(ban)年的充電(dian)電(dian)量(liang)、服(fu)務(wu)費(fei)收入顯著(zhu)降(jiang)(jiang)低，在盈利(li)方式(shi)單一、缺乏其他(ta)增值服(fu)務(wu)收入的情況下，進一步加劇了行(xing)業(ye)盈利(li)難(nan)度。

全生明說，目(mu)前(qian)充(chong)換電行(xing)業還存在設施分布(bu)不均衡、互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)(hu)(hu)通廣度和(he)深度不夠、智能化(hua)(hua)和(he)互(hu)(hu)(hu)動化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)不高(gao)等問題，同時社區建樁難、數(shu)量少、利用率低，影響了新能源(yuan)車(che)主用車(che)體驗和(he)獲得感，充(chong)電樁體系建設亟待加強，充(chong)換電行(xing)業亟須更多的政策(ce)支持和(he)指導。

迎來新基建政策春風

全生明認(ren)為，充電(dian)(dian)樁被納入(ru)新(xin)(xin)基建(jian)及一系列相關支持(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)出臺(tai)，彰(zhang)顯了國家支持(chi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車及充換電(dian)(dian)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)決心(xin)(xin)，這將有(you)(you)效(xiao)解決電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車充電(dian)(dian)難(nan)題(ti)、促進電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車產(chan)業(ye)(ye)加快(kuai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，對拉(la)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車產(chan)業(ye)(ye)走出短期底部、保障行業(ye)(ye)行穩致遠(yuan)、更好(hao)滿足人(ren)民美好(hao)生活(huo)需(xu)要，具有(you)(you)重要意義。同時(shi)，這也給(gei)充換電(dian)(dian)行業(ye)(ye)打(da)了一針強心(xin)(xin)劑，有(you)(you)利于設備制造商(shang)、運營(ying)商(shang)等產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈上(shang)下游企業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，提(ti)升核心(xin)(xin)技術與(yu)創新(xin)(xin)能(neng)力；有(you)(you)利于吸引更多的(de)(de)社會資(zi)本進入(ru)充換電(dian)(dian)領域(yu)，營(ying)造共(gong)建(jian)共(gong)營(ying)的(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)局(ju)面；有(you)(you)利于補齊(qi)行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)短板，提(ti)振(zhen)老百姓(xing)對新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)消(xiao)費信心(xin)(xin)，助力行業(ye)(ye)長遠(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)國家戰略落地。

注意(yi)到，最終表(biao)決(jue)通(tong)過(guo)的(de)《政府工作報(bao)告(gao)》將此前“建設充電(dian)樁”的(de)表(biao)述(shu)修改為“增加充電(dian)樁、換(huan)電(dian)站等設施”。

在全生(sheng)明看來，換電(dian)(dian)(dian)站作為(wei)新基建的(de)重要組成部(bu)分第一次被寫入(ru)《政府工作報告》，一方面意味著國家(jia)對換電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)創(chuang)新的(de)認可，對車電(dian)(dian)(dian)分離發展道(dao)路的(de)肯(ken)定(ding)；另一方面,就電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車使用而(er)言，換電(dian)(dian)(dian)不僅是相同規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)快速更換，更緩解了(le)當下電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車補能速度慢(man)、續航(hang)不可升級、二手車殘值低等(deng)問題。

他(ta)認為(wei)，根據目前行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)整體發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)情況及技(ji)(ji)術(shu)變革趨勢判(pan)斷(duan)，未來(lai)(lai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)將向(xiang)規模化(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)、互動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯化(hua)(hua)、共(gong)享化(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。首(shou)先，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)在一(yi)定程度上具有(you)網(wang)(wang)絡經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，平(ping)(ping)臺效(xiao)應(ying)、規模效(xiao)應(ying)突出，目前已經形成(cheng)國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、特(te)來(lai)(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星星充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等大(da)(da)型運營商(shang)為(wei)主導、中(zhong)小微運營商(shang)為(wei)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)市場格(ge)局，未來(lai)(lai)有(you)望進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)發揮平(ping)(ping)臺整合(he)(he)作(zuo)用(yong)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)不同運營商(shang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)深度互聯互通，打造“全國(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)張網(wang)(wang)”的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局；其次，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)提(ti)升，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)引導充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)向(xiang)智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，以(yi)即插(cha)即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、大(da)(da)功率充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、自動(dong)(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等為(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)將成(cheng)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。同時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)(ping)提(ti)升，將進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)個人樁共(gong)享，提(ti)高社區充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁利(li)用(yong)率、降低充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁使用(yong)成(cheng)本。第三，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)緊密(mi)相連，有(you)序充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、V2G、負荷(he)(he)(he)聚(ju)合(he)(he)等車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)(dong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)應(ying)用(yong)，將進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)挖掘(jue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)儲(chu)能(neng)價(jia)值(zhi)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)與(yu)智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)深度融合(he)(he)、互動(dong)(dong)(dong)。此(ci)外(wai)，利(li)用(yong)負荷(he)(he)(he)聚(ju)合(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交易(yi)，聚(ju)合(he)(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)(he)(he)參與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輔助服務，將推動(dong)(dong)(dong)實現新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納，助力(li)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型。

加快打造“全國充電一張網”

近期以來，北(bei)京(jing)、上海(hai)、江蘇等多個(ge)地方都先后出(chu)臺(tai)了充電樁建(jian)設(she)方案。而(er)國(guo)網電動汽(qi)車(che)公(gong)司也在加碼布(bu)局(ju)這一(yi)賽道，今年將(jiang)安排27億元投資充電設(she)施建(jian)設(she)，新增充電樁7.8萬個(ge)。

“爭(zheng)做投(tou)資建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)帶動(dong)者，主動(dong)對接各(ge)地方新能源汽車產業發展(zhan)需求(qiu)，持續完善公共、專(zhuan)用(yong)充電(dian)設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)布局，加快社區智能有序充電(dian)設(she)(she)施發展(zhan)，多措并舉引導社會(hui)資本積極參(can)與充電(dian)設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)。” 全生明表(biao)示。

在加大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁建(jian)設(she)力度的(de)同時(shi)，國網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)公司還(huan)致力于(yu)建(jian)設(she)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)最優、接(jie)(jie)入最多、流量最大(da)的(de)智慧車(che)(che)聯網(wang)(wang)平臺，截至目前，注冊(ce)用戶數(shu)接(jie)(jie)近300萬(wan)，接(jie)(jie)入充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁總數(shu)超過49萬(wan)根(gen)。更重要的(de)是依托這(zhe)一平臺，廣泛聚合(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁資(zi)源，推動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)深(shen)度融入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統，創新(xin)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)產品與商業(ye)模式(shi)，吸引(yin)行(xing)業(ye)合(he)作伙伴共(gong)建(jian)共(gong)享，構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)生(sheng)態(tai)圈。同時(shi)，爭做技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)的(de)先行(xing)者，搭建(jian)國家(jia)級充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)平臺，推動充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯化(hua)發展，攻(gong)堅大(da)功率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、V2G等關鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，牽頭開(kai)展行(xing)業(ye)、國家(jia)、國際標準制修訂，實現標準引(yin)領、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)引(yin)領。

邀請符合(he)(he)(he)條件的合(he)(he)(he)伙人(ren)一同共建共享充(chong)電樁，向中(zhong)小(xiao)充(chong)電運營商提供(gong)運營平臺，與寶馬等公(gong)司開啟戰略合(he)(he)(he)作……一系(xi)列(lie)不同于(yu)以往的動(dong)作背后是國網(wang)電動(dong)汽車公(gong)司全新(xin)的謀(mou)劃。

“這些(xie)舉措一是(shi)引導市場(chang)方(fang)向，實現各企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)共(gong)贏(ying)；二是(shi)盤活市場(chang)資源，帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車新能源行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)快速(su)發展；三(san)是(shi)激勵整個(ge)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)相關行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發展。”全生(sheng)明表示(shi)，合作(zuo)(zuo)建(jian)樁(zhuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務將(jiang)帶動(dong)基(ji)建(jian)施工(gong)、生(sheng)產(chan)制造和大數據業(ye)(ye)(ye)務在橫向和縱向上的(de)(de)快速(su)發展，為(wei)培育良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)態環境奠(dian)定(ding)堅實的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。同(tong)時，有利于全社會產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)更好的(de)(de)分工(gong)協作(zuo)(zuo)，降(jiang)低全社會的(de)(de)綜(zong)合建(jian)站成本(ben)，為(wei)中小運營商進行(xing)減負。此(ci)外，以平臺作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)樞紐，整合樁(zhuang)企、運營商及(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)用戶資源，降(jiang)低整個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)經(jing)營成本(ben)，達到多方(fang)面推動(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)市場(chang)向好發展，拉動(dong)幕后(hou)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)效(xiao)益增長(chang)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。

【責任編(bian)輯：趙藝涵】