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2020年，面(mian)對突如其來的新(xin)冠疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)，作為(wei)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)支柱的高速、民航等(deng)國有企業(ye)積極響(xiang)應黨和國家(jia)(jia)的號召(zhao)，主(zhu)動承(cheng)擔起防疫(yi)、運(yun)輸(shu)職(zhi)責(ze)，為(wei)抗擊疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)取得階(jie)段性(xing)勝利、為(wei)國家(jia)(jia)經濟社(she)會的快速恢(hui)復貢(gong)獻(xian)了(le)積極力(li)量。但受(shou)疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)影響(xiang)，國內交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)業(ye)受(shou)到較(jiao)大沖擊，不(bu)少(shao)航空(kong)公司整體(ti)處于(yu)(yu)大幅虧損狀況，亟待復蘇(su)，渡過難關(guan)。為(wei)克服疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)影響(xiang)，復蘇(su)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)，去年3月，交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)部出臺了(le)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)統(tong)籌推(tui)進(jin)疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)防控和經濟社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)工作的實施意見》，從(cong)21個(ge)方面(mian)支持(chi)企業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。各(ge)地也積極響(xiang)應，紛紛出臺支持(chi)本地的政(zheng)策措施，貴州省交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)廳等(deng)11家(jia)(jia)單(dan)位也聯合出臺《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)應對新(xin)型(xing)冠狀病毒感染肺炎(yan)疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)促進(jin)道路(lu)運(yun)輸(shu)企業(ye)平穩健康發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的意見》，為(wei)加快恢(hui)復交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)起到了(le)積極的推(tui)動作用。

全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)人大(da)(da)代表，貴州省(sheng)國(guo)(guo)資委黨(dang)委書記、主(zhu)(zhu)任王勇通過調研，發現處(chu)于(yu)常態化疫情防控的(de)新(xin)階段(duan)，民航、高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)等(deng)交通行(xing)業受(shou)(shou)到的(de)影響(xiang)依然較(jiao)大(da)(da)，存在(zai)(zai)的(de)問題和困難(nan)亟(ji)待(dai)解決，主(zhu)(zhu)要體現在(zai)(zai)以下(xia)幾方(fang)面(mian)：一是市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)客源快速(su)(su)萎縮(suo)。以貴陽龍(long)洞堡國(guo)(guo)際(ji)機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為例，2020年旅(lv)客吞(tun)吐(tu)(tu)量(liang)1658.4萬人次，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)24.3%，起降(jiang)13.5萬架次，下(xia)降(jiang)19.2%。2021年春節黃金(jin)周同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)2019年降(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)超60%，2021年春運截至2月28日，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)2019年降(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)超55%。雖然2020年貴陽龍(long)洞堡國(guo)(guo)際(ji)機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)(chang)旅(lv)客吞(tun)吐(tu)(tu)量(liang)降(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)達24.3%，但在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)民用機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)(chang)排名(ming)中卻(que)上升5位(wei)，位(wei)列(lie)第(di)15位(wei)。由此可(ke)見，我國(guo)(guo)航空(kong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)整體受(shou)(shou)疫情影響(xiang)嚴(yan)重，航空(kong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)客源大(da)(da)幅(fu)(fu)下(xia)降(jiang)，亟(ji)待(dai)回(hui)暖。二是經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)壓力(li)持續增(zeng)大(da)(da)。民航方(fang)面(mian)，以機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)(chang)集(ji)團（貴陽、銅仁、興義、黎平、荔(li)波(bo)、黃平六(liu)家機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)(chang)）為例，2020年旅(lv)客吞(tun)吐(tu)(tu)量(liang)、貨(huo)郵(you)吞(tun)吐(tu)(tu)量(liang)、航班量(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)24.6%、6%、10.5%，航空(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)業及臨空(kong)關聯產業收入同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)24.1%，經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)效益同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)108.3%。高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)方(fang)面(mian)，以高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)集(ji)團為例，2020年疫情期(qi)間80天免費(fei)(fei)通行(xing)共減免通行(xing)費(fei)(fei)44.06億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)全(quan)(quan)年投(tou)入高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路養護(hu)費(fei)(fei)用29億(yi)元(yuan)、同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)23%，加上節假日通行(xing)費(fei)(fei)收入減免、支付銀行(xing)貸款(kuan)利息費(fei)(fei)用等(deng)，造成(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路運營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)壓力(li)巨(ju)大(da)(da)。三是內生復(fu)(fu)蘇壓力(li)較(jiao)大(da)(da)。由于(yu)航空(kong)、高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)等(deng)運輸行(xing)業的(de)建(jian)設成(cheng)(cheng)本高(gao)(gao)、還貸周期(qi)長(chang)，營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)收水平降(jiang)低，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，受(shou)(shou)全(quan)(quan)球疫情走勢不(bu)明、世界經(jing)濟復(fu)(fu)蘇形(xing)勢不(bu)清、油價匯率(lv)(lv)利率(lv)(lv)漲幅(fu)(fu)不(bu)定(ding)等(deng)諸多不(bu)確定(ding)因素影響(xiang)，交通運輸業國(guo)(guo)內客源不(bu)足與運力(li)過剩的(de)矛(mao)盾將長(chang)期(qi)存在(zai)(zai)，內生性(xing)復(fu)(fu)蘇仍將長(chang)期(qi)面(mian)臨巨(ju)大(da)(da)壓力(li)。

王勇認為，交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)落實“國(guo)(guo)(guo)內大(da)循環為主(zhu)體(ti)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)內國(guo)(guo)(guo)際雙循環相互促(cu)進的(de)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)格局”的(de)重要支(zhi)撐，支(zhi)持(chi)和(he)幫助民航(hang)、高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，對我國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)將(jiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮重要的(de)促(cu)進作用(yong)。提(ti)出(chu)如下(xia)建議：一是(shi)加大(da)補(bu)貼支(zhi)持(chi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)度(du)(du)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)相關部委及時修訂(ding)、調整交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸基建項目貸(dai)款貼息政策(ce)(ce)、財(cai)政補(bu)貼辦(ban)(ban)法，提(ti)高(gao)貼息額(e)度(du)(du)、延長貼息年(nian)限和(he)擴(kuo)大(da)貼息范圍、加大(da)補(bu)貼力(li)(li)(li)(li)度(du)(du)。分類提(ti)高(gao)民航(hang)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)機(ji)(ji)場補(bu)貼標準和(he)額(e)度(du)(du)；依據航(hang)空公(gong)司機(ji)(ji)隊(dui)規模(mo)，按照每架飛機(ji)(ji)年(nian)租金或(huo)者年(nian)折舊金額(e)的(de)30%給予航(hang)空公(gong)司補(bu)貼。二是(shi)出(chu)臺(tai)稅(shui)收(shou)優惠政策(ce)(ce)。給予交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸行業(ye)(ye)按企(qi)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)團匯(hui)算(suan)繳納企(qi)業(ye)(ye)所得稅(shui)、利潤彌(mi)補(bu)虧損不作年(nian)限限制(zhi)的(de)優惠措(cuo)施，從(cong)而使將(jiang)留(liu)存收(shou)益用(yong)于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)持(chi)續經(jing)營。將(jiang)民航(hang)業(ye)(ye)增值(zhi)稅(shui)整體(ti)下(xia)調2-3%，降低飛機(ji)(ji)、航(hang)材等的(de)進口關稅(shui)，增值(zhi)稅(shui)。三(san)是(shi)不斷(duan)完善管理(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。加快出(chu)臺(tai)新(xin)的(de)《收(shou)費公(gong)路(lu)管理(li)條例》，在(zai)資金上(shang)向西(xi)部地區傾斜(xie)，加大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)央轉移支(zhi)付資金支(zhi)付力(li)(li)(li)(li)度(du)(du)。賦(fu)予機(ji)(ji)場在(zai)航(hang)空關聯業(ye)(ye)務和(he)臨空產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)特許經(jing)營及開發(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)，促(cu)進機(ji)(ji)場做(zuo)強做(zuo)優做(zuo)大(da)。四是(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)航(hang)空貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。制(zhi)定(ding)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)航(hang)空貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)財(cai)政補(bu)貼辦(ban)(ban)法，從(cong)政策(ce)(ce)和(he)財(cai)政資金上(shang)大(da)力(li)(li)(li)(li)扶持(chi)航(hang)空貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，支(zhi)持(chi)航(hang)空貨(huo)物運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸企(qi)業(ye)(ye)增加全(quan)貨(huo)機(ji)(ji)和(he)航(hang)線時刻，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)貨(huo)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸。

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