航天科工突破星間高速激光通信關鍵技術 建設星間信息高速路
文章來源：中(zhong)國航天科工集團有限公司 發布時(shi)間(jian)：2021-08-13
蒼茫宇宙，遙遙萬里(li)，如(ru)何(he)在衛星(xing)之間建(jian)(jian)立(li)高速(su)(su)率(lv)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)鏈(lian)路？中(zhong)國航天科工(gong)(gong)二院25所基于虹云工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)星(xing)間高速(su)(su)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)需求，突(tu)破多項關鍵(jian)技術，研制的(de)(de)高性(xing)(xing)能星(xing)間激光(guang)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)終(zhong)端，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對高指向性(xing)(xing)激光(guang)的(de)(de)控(kong)制、收發和調制，可以在高速(su)(su)運動的(de)(de)衛星(xing)平臺上(shang)實現激光(guang)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)鏈(lian)路的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立(li)和保持，進(jin)而實現遠距離星(xing)間高速(su)(su)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)。8月初，經實驗室動態和靜態等多項性(xing)(xing)能測試，各(ge)項指標滿足(zu)方(fang)案設(she)計要求。
當前(qian)，基于低軌道衛星星座的寬(kuan)帶通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)網(wang)(wang)絡已成(cheng)為下一代通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)的主要形態，星間激(ji)(ji)光(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)是(shi)星座組網(wang)(wang)的核心技(ji)術(shu)之一。相(xiang)比傳(chuan)統的微(wei)波通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)，空(kong)(kong)間激(ji)(ji)光(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)以(yi)其大通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)容量、小(xiao)(xiao)體積(ji)、高(gao)保密性(xing)等優點，成(cheng)為星間組網(wang)(wang)的首選方案。空(kong)(kong)間激(ji)(ji)光(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)，是(shi)以(yi)加載(zai)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)號在自由(you)空(kong)(kong)間中進(jin)行數據傳(chuan)輸的一種通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)方式。由(you)于激(ji)(ji)光(guang)光(guang)束的頻率范圍(wei)高(gao)、波長小(xiao)(xiao)，因(yin)此空(kong)(kong)間激(ji)(ji)光(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)可以(yi)在設備體積(ji)較小(xiao)(xiao)的情(qing)況下，實(shi)現極大的傳(chuan)輸帶寬(kuan)。以(yi)25所研制的終端為例，空(kong)(kong)間激(ji)(ji)光(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)可以(yi)實(shi)現每秒傳(chuan)輸1部高(gao)清電(dian)影(ying)；同時激(ji)(ji)光(guang)波束窄、方向(xiang)性(xing)極強，用激(ji)(ji)光(guang)作為載(zai)波進(jin)行數據的發射與接收，具(ju)有(you)很強的抗截獲(huo)能力和抗電(dian)磁干擾能力。
產品(pin)研(yan)制技術難(nan)度最(zui)大的，是被稱為太空(kong)(kong)中(zhong)“針尖對麥芒”的波束(shu)對準。在(zai)幾千公(gong)里距離(li)的復雜空(kong)(kong)間環境(jing)中(zhong)，兩個高速運動(dong)的衛星平臺之間實現千分(fen)之一度光(guang)(guang)束(shu)地對準、保(bao)持和通信，對產品(pin)的各項(xiang)性能提(ti)出(chu)了很(hen)高的要求。自2018年(nian)開始，研(yan)制團隊充分(fen)發揮25所在(zai)算(suan)法、光(guang)(guang)學(xue)、空(kong)(kong)間工程(cheng)等多方面技術優勢，針對星間激光(guang)(guang)通信中(zhong)光(guang)(guang)束(shu)的捕獲跟蹤算(suan)法及(ji)熱控、空(kong)(kong)間環境(jing)適應(ying)性等關(guan)(guan)鍵技術開展了技術攻關(guan)(guan)，并在(zai)各專業(ye)研(yan)究(jiu)室(shi)的大力支持下(xia)，最(zui)終取得(de)突(tu)破。
基于當(dang)前的(de)技術積累，25所激光(guang)通信團隊正在開展星(xing)間(jian)激光(guang)通信終(zhong)端的(de)迭代設計攻關。新一代產品在通信速率、重量(liang)功耗等方(fang)面有極大(da)提升(sheng)，是未(wei)來大(da)規模星(xing)座(zuo)建設的(de)重要支(zhi)撐。
在(zai)未(wei)來(lai)更(geng)遙(yao)遠的深空探(tan)測(ce)中(zhong)，激光(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信更(geng)是目前最理(li)想的通(tong)(tong)(tong)信手段(duan)。采用激光(guang)的方(fang)案，可以(yi)實現地月直(zhi)連通(tong)(tong)(tong)信鏈路以(yi)及地火(huo)直(zhi)連通(tong)(tong)(tong)信鏈路，待在(zai)家中(zhong)，就能看(kan)到中(zhong)國的深空探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)“現場直(zhi)播”。
【責任(ren)編輯：趙藝涵】
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