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“互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”席(xi)(xi)卷(juan)全球(qiu)，強勢入(ru)局世界汽車(che)產(chan)業。凱捷(jie)全球(qiu)汽車(che)委員會(hui)主席(xi)(xi)尼(ni)克•吉爾感(gan)慨，“汽車(che)已經進入(ru)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)時代。”

繼互聯網(wang)(wang)、物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)之后，車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)聯網(wang)(wang)成(cheng)為未來智能城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)另一個重要標志(zhi)。搭乘時代快(kuai)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)聯網(wang)(wang)徹(che)底改變了(le)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)產業氣(qi)象，車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)與路、車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)與人、車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)與車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)互通互聯，提(ti)供了(le)強(qiang)有力的(de)交(jiao)通安全保障和優質的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市服務(wu)，使智能交(jiao)通、智慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市成(cheng)為可能。

面對巨大的(de)市(shi)場(chang)紅(hong)利(li)，整車(che)(che)制作商、互聯(lian)網公司、金融公司紛(fen)紛(fen)跑馬(ma)圈地，搶占車(che)(che)聯(lian)網高地。政策(ce)紅(hong)利(li)的(de)釋(shi)放、用戶需求(qiu)的(de)增長、信息(xi)技術的(de)普及應用、汽車(che)(che)產業(ye)轉型升級的(de)契(qi)機(ji)，給車(che)(che)聯(lian)網帶來新(xin)機(ji)遇。

作為負責任的(de)特(te)大型國有重點(dian)骨干企業，國家(jia)電網公司順勢進入新能源汽車(che)數據互聯這片藍海市場(chang)，建設(she)多(duo)方主體參與(yu)、互動環(huan)境友善(shan)、交(jiao)易機制完善(shan)的(de)車(che)聯網平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，致(zhi)力將(jiang)車(che)聯網打造成面向全社會開放的(de)公共充電云服務平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、公共租車(che)云服務平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)和增(zeng)值服務云平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)。

營造車輛互聯(lian)生態系(xi)統

中國(guo)是全球車(che)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)市場(chang)發展潛力(li)最大(da)的(de)國(guo)家，產業規模幾乎每3年翻一倍。面對(dui)機(ji)遇(yu)，公司快速布(bu)局(ju)，致(zhi)力(li)打造電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)車(che)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)平(ping)臺(tai)，通過標(biao)準計(ji)費控制單元（TCU）接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)分布(bu)各地、由不同(tong)投資(zi)主體建設的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)用戶提(ti)供(gong)線(xian)(xian)上預(yu)約、線(xian)(xian)下(xia)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)(wu)；同(tong)時將可租用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)通過車(che)載終端(duan)統一接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)，為(wei)(wei)用戶提(ti)供(gong)線(xian)(xian)上預(yu)定、線(xian)(xian)下(xia)取(qu)車(che)服務(wu)(wu)。平(ping)臺(tai)整合國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和(he)其他運(yun)營商充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施資(zi)源，構建充電(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)(wu)一張網(wang)(wang)，形成先發優勢(shi)。同(tong)時開(kai)放接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)標(biao)準，實現充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)、停車(che)位等硬資(zi)源的(de)快速接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)和(he)互聯(lian)(lian)互通，以(yi)及內容服務(wu)(wu)商、車(che)輛服務(wu)(wu)商等軟資(zi)源的(de)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)和(he)服務(wu)(wu)共享。

“目前，車(che)聯網平臺(tai)已經步入發(fa)展快車(che)道。”據國網電動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)服(fu)務有限公司有關人(ren)員介紹，目前，車(che)聯網平臺(tai)已接(jie)入充(chong)電樁(zhuang)3.7萬個，其中國家電網公司2.4萬個，社會充(chong)電運營商1.3萬個。今年1～7月(yue)累計完成(cheng)充(chong)電服(fu)務213.8萬次，充(chong)電電量1.08億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，服(fu)務電動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)用戶超(chao)過8.1萬人(ren)。7月(yue)，國網電動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公司在上(shang)(shang)海(hai)設立(li)子公司，負(fu)責(ze)就近服(fu)務，落實具體項目和市場開拓，建立(li)和完善車(che)聯網平臺(tai)屬地化管理模式(shi)。不久之后，在完成(cheng)全功能測(ce)試(shi)(shi)和壓力(li)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)的基礎上(shang)(shang)，車(che)聯網正式(shi)系統在上(shang)(shang)海(hai)災(zai)備(bei)中心投運，支持12萬個充(chong)電樁(zhuang)接(jie)入運營和50萬用戶訪(fang)問服(fu)務，系統穩定性全面提升。

實現車輛(liang)互(hu)聯(lian)不難，打造一個健康的車輛(liang)互(hu)聯(lian)生態系統卻(que)并(bing)非(fei)易事。數(shu)據應用分(fen)析能力不足(zu)、運營模式重疊、全產業鏈布局能力有限(xian)等問題，使得建設智能高效的車聯(lian)網(wang)平臺，依(yi)舊任重道遠。

面對(dui)困難，公(gong)司持續發力(li)。根據(ju)國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)“十三五”電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規劃，2016～2017年(nian)，采用單(dan)樁接入(ru)或平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)對(dui)接方式，大(da)力(li)推進(jin)社(she)會充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁接入(ru)車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)；搭建(jian)(jian)云(yun)(yun)基礎設(she)(she)施，實現(xian)車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)業(ye)務面向互聯(lian)網(wang)服(fu)務化改造(zao)；完(wan)成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)正式部署，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)運(yun)營監控中心(xin)及(ji)可(ke)視化系統(tong)(tong)。2018～2020年(nian)，全面提升車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)智能(neng)化水平(ping)(ping)，將(jiang)(jiang)車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)打(da)造(zao)成(cheng)公(gong)共云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，面向社(she)會充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施運(yun)營商、車(che)(che)輛租(zu)賃商、政府和第三方服(fu)務商提供多(duo)種公(gong)共云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務；建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)異地容(rong)災(zai)(zai)中心(xin)和同城容(rong)災(zai)(zai)中心(xin)，滿足車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)全國(guo)級(ji)系統(tong)(tong)和數(shu)據(ju)容(rong)災(zai)(zai)需求；依托數(shu)據(ju)采集、分析能(neng)力(li)及(ji)成(cheng)熟的收費清分結(jie)算系統(tong)(tong)，服(fu)務客戶(hu)側分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、儲能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)、智能(neng)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備與智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)互聯(lian)交易，將(jiang)(jiang)車(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)成(cheng)與多(duo)方主體(ti)實時互動的核心(xin)數(shu)據(ju)源與信息交匯(hui)點(dian)。到2020年(nian)，計劃接入(ru)公(gong)共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁36萬個、私人共享充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁50萬個，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)注冊用戶(hu)數(shu)超400萬。屆時將(jiang)(jiang)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)公(gong)共租(zu)車(che)(che)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，接入(ru)公(gong)司自營及(ji)社(she)會運(yun)營租(zu)賃電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)1.5萬輛；同時建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)增值(zhi)服(fu)務云(yun)(yun)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，拓展廣(guang)告、保險、維修(xiu)保養、生(sheng)活娛樂(le)等增值(zhi)服(fu)務。

構建智能(neng)高效充換電(dian)網絡

我國新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)發展勢頭強勁(jing)，位列七大(da)戰略性新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)業。電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)局面已經打開(kai)，勢能正在迸進，勢頭不(bu)可阻擋。與之伴(ban)隨的充電(dian)服務市場廣闊。截至6月底，我國新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)銷量17萬(wan)輛，同比增長(chang)127%，公司及各社(she)會運(yun)營商投(tou)運(yun)公共充電(dian)樁8.2萬(wan)個，同期(qi)增長(chang)221.6%。電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的日益普及對配套服務提出了更高要(yao)求(qiu)，充電(dian)服務已成為新(xin)(xin)的經濟風口。

如何構建開放、智(zhi)能、互(hu)動、高效的電(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)換電(dian)網(wang)絡，最大程度提升公(gong)共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁效率效益、實現電(dian)動汽車與智(zhi)能電(dian)網(wang)和諧發展，是擺(bai)在公(gong)司面前的重(zhong)要(yao)課題(ti)。

規劃引領是(shi)第(di)一步。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司堅(jian)持全國(guo)一張網，26家(jia)(jia)省公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司整體(ti)規劃、全面布局(ju)，結合用(yong)戶出行及生活消費習(xi)慣，優化公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施選(xuan)址(zhi)，并通過建(jian)立充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施物聯網，提高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的便捷性與可靠性。近年來，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司以京津冀魯、長三角(jiao)等國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)發展示范城市(shi)為(wei)重點，加快(kuai)城市(shi)和高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)站建(jian)設，全面服(fu)務(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交、環衛、物流、出租車(che)(che)、私人乘用(yong)車(che)(che)等各類車(che)(che)型。累計建(jian)成充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)站1857座(zuo)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)3.22萬(wan)個。目前(qian)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司已在京港澳等8條高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)投運(yun)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)站363座(zuo)，覆蓋高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)1.1萬(wan)千米(mi)、12個省的81個城市(shi)。在世(shi)界率先實現了公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)由(you)點到面、由(you)城市(shi)到城際的發展。

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)高效是關鍵(jian)點(dian)。作為(wei)(wei)連(lian)接用(yong)戶與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)紐帶(dai)，“e充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”手(shou)機客(ke)戶端能(neng)優(you)化(hua)線上、線下資源，實(shi)時監測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)數據，為(wei)(wei)用(yong)戶提(ti)供安全高效的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務。另一邊，作為(wei)(wei)提(ti)升充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)水平(ping)的(de)(de)利(li)器，“智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)心(xin)”（智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)標準計費(fei)控制單元(yuan)(yuan)TCU)采用(yong)安全嵌入式工控計算機，融合充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及車載一體化(hua)控制，實(shi)現樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)、車聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)、人(ren)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)和(he)(he)能(neng)源互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)；實(shi)時監測(ce)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)負(fu)荷情況，積(ji)極消納清潔(jie)能(neng)源，充(chong)分利(li)用(yong)波(bo)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和(he)(he)減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)棄風、棄水、棄光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。將(jiang)來(lai)，基于“智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)心(xin)”，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車將(jiang)成為(wei)(wei)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)移動(dong)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)單元(yuan)(yuan)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將(jiang)成為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)路(lu)由(you)器，車聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)平(ping)臺(tai)將(jiang)成為(wei)(wei)用(yong)戶側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車、分布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)能(neng)源互(hu)聯(lian)平(ping)臺(tai)。

重塑“互(hu)聯網(wang)+”綠色出行(xing)方式

加(jia)班到深夜，地鐵已經停運(yun)。家住北京市東城區朝(chao)內(nei)南(nan)小(xiao)街的詹先(xian)生走出(chu)辦公(gong)大樓，在電動汽車(che)分(fen)時租賃(lin)停車(che)場(chang)前停下腳步(bu)。他掏出(chu)手機打(da)開“如e行”客戶端(duan)，手指輕輕一點，已經等候(hou)多(duo)時的黑(hei)色小(xiao)電動汽車(che)“滴”了一聲。隨后，詹先(xian)生嫻熟地開門上車(che)，駛向數公(gong)里之外的家。

在“互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)+”的全面滲透下，一(yi)種基于(yu)(yu)大數據(ju)和(he)移動(dong)互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)的新(xin)(xin)型出行(xing)方式正改(gai)變著人們的生活(huo)。今年上(shang)半年，滴(di)滴(di)出行(xing)日訂(ding)單(dan)量突(tu)破1000萬(wan)，Uber累計訂(ding)單(dan)量超過20億(yi)，神州租(zu)(zu)車車隊規模超過9萬(wan)輛，北(bei)汽新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)等新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車租(zu)(zu)賃業(ye)務(wu)也迅速擴張，基于(yu)(yu)“互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)+”的汽車共享經濟(ji)和(he)分時租(zu)(zu)賃模式駛入(ru)新(xin)(xin)的發(fa)展軌道。

國家電網(wang)公司積極(ji)推(tui)進“兩個替代”，倡導綠(lv)色出行。公司全(quan)面連(lian)接“人(ren)與公共(gong)服務(wu)(wu)”，將(jiang)綠(lv)色發展理念(nian)貫穿始終，通過研(yan)究分時(shi)租賃、共(gong)享出行等商業(ye)模(mo)式，參與、培育、引領(ling)電動汽車(che)服務(wu)(wu)新業(ye)態。在(zai)此背景下，“如e行”電動汽車(che)分時(shi)租賃業(ye)務(wu)(wu)應運(yun)而(er)生(sheng)。該業(ye)務(wu)(wu)借(jie)助物聯網(wang)技術(shu)服務(wu)(wu)短(duan)途出行需求、滿足(zu)多人(ren)高(gao)效(xiao)率共(gong)用(yong)，降低私人(ren)使用(yong)電動汽車(che)成本(ben)和機動車(che)保有量，實現綠(lv)色低碳(tan)出行，是解決城市擁(yong)堵、尾氣(qi)污染難題的良(liang)策。

“主(zhu)要還(huan)是有需求、優勢多。”已經是“如e行(xing)(xing)”分時租賃(lin)業務老客戶(hu)的(de)詹先生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)，“最(zui)開始出于新(xin)鮮感，想體(ti)驗一(yi)下(xia)(xia)分時租賃(lin)這項業務，后(hou)來(lai)發現確實(shi)(shi)滿(man)足(zu)了(le)(le)我(wo)的(de)出行(xing)(xing)需求。上班通勤、周末出行(xing)(xing)、工作臨時外出……對無車一(yi)族來(lai)說(shuo)，‘如e行(xing)(xing)’滿(man)足(zu)了(le)(le)我(wo)在各種場景下(xia)(xia)的(de)需要，極大地(di)方便(bian)了(le)(le)我(wo)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活，而且價格還(huan)實(shi)(shi)惠，減輕了(le)(le)養車用車的(de)經濟負擔。”

作為新(xin)生事物(wu)，“如e行”分時(shi)租(zu)賃業(ye)(ye)務(wu)未來將(jiang)在(zai)全國(guo)范圍內逐步推廣運行。該業(ye)(ye)務(wu)第一批投入運營的電(dian)動汽車(che)共14輛(liang)(liang)(liang)，建設充電(dian)樁35臺，并配有分時(shi)租(zu)賃專用停(ting)車(che)位，可(ke)滿足車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)充電(dian)、停(ting)車(che)需求。該業(ye)(ye)務(wu)安排設計(ji)了時(shi)租(zu)、夜租(zu)、日租(zu)3種模式(shi)(shi)，供(gong)用戶自行定(ding)制出行方式(shi)(shi)。同時(shi)，“如e行”分時(shi)租(zu)賃采用移動互聯網技術，通(tong)過“智慧心(xin)”實時(shi)監控車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)位置、電(dian)池、車(che)況、行駛軌跡(ji)等信息，客服(fu)人員可(ke)根據監控結果(guo)實現防止用戶違(wei)約(yue)用車(che)、查(cha)詢車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)違(wei)章(zhang)責任人等操作，實時(shi)、遠(yuan)程監控業(ye)(ye)務(wu)，提升(sheng)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)運營管理能力。

作為“如e行(xing)”分時租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃業(ye)(ye)務的開發者，國網(wang)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)還創新研發“如e行(xing)”手機(ji)客戶端，實(shi)現租(zu)(zu)(zu)車(che)(che)預約、一鍵還車(che)(che)、租(zu)(zu)(zu)車(che)(che)費用支付等(deng)功能(neng)(neng)，用戶可使用GPS尋車(che)(che)、鳴(ming)笛提示、開關車(che)(che)門(men)等(deng)自助服務。該公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)打通“如e行(xing)”APP與“e充(chong)(chong)電”APP賬戶和功能(neng)(neng)，方(fang)便用戶快(kuai)速查詢(xun)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)充(chong)(chong)電樁，并(bing)融(rong)合充(chong)(chong)電卡(ka)(ka)、支付平(ping)臺、網(wang)銀支付、消(xiao)費卡(ka)(ka)券(quan)等(deng)方(fang)式(shi)，構(gou)建多維(wei)統一的賬戶體系；積極探索電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃業(ye)(ye)務發展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)及盈利模(mo)式(shi)，為電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃業(ye)(ye)務的順(shun)利發展(zhan)引(yin)路導航。