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在我國(guo)，90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)300米以上摩(mo)天大(da)樓、3/4的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點機場、3/4的(de)(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)星發射基地(di)、1/3的(de)(de)(de)(de)城市綜合管(guan)廊、1/2的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)電(dian)站是由(you)中國(guo)建筑投資建設，而你可能不(bu)知道的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，近年(nian)來(lai)中國(guo)建筑已(yi)從陸上發展到深(shen)海。2017年(nian)底(di)，洋山(shan)深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)四(si)期工程即(ji)將開港(gang)(gang)試運行，屆時擁有7個大(da)型深(shen)水泊位的(de)(de)(de)(de)洋山(shan)港(gang)(gang)四(si)期將成(cheng)為世(shi)界(jie)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自動化(hua)集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)碼(ma)頭。

洋山深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)是世界最大的(de)海島型(xing)人工深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)，也(ye)是建設上海國際航運(yun)中(zhong)心的(de)戰略和樞紐型(xing)工程。洋山港(gang)(gang)(gang)全(quan)面(mian)建成后，將助推上海港(gang)(gang)(gang)年(nian)集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)吞(tun)吐量突破4000萬TEU（標準箱(xiang)(xiang)），這個(ge)(ge)數字超過了(le)美(mei)國九大港(gang)(gang)(gang)口的(de)吞(tun)吐總(zong)(zong)量，也(ye)是目前全(quan)球港(gang)(gang)(gang)口年(nian)吞(tun)吐量的(de)十分之一(yi)。從2002年(nian)6月26日中(zhong)國建筑工程總(zong)(zong)公司旗下(xia)的(de)中(zhong)建港(gang)(gang)(gang)務在洋山深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)區一(yi)期C標碼頭打下(xia)第一(yi)根樁開(kai)始，經過十五年(nian)的(de)建設歷程，把一(yi)個(ge)(ge)僅有3000原(yuan)住(zhu)漁(yu)民的(de)孤(gu)島小漁(yu)村(cun)，變成了(le)一(yi)片總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積相當于(yu)1000多個(ge)(ge)足球場大小的(de)現代化(hua)深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)新“桑田(tian)”，譜(pu)寫出一(yi)幅壯(zhuang)美(mei)的(de)現代版“精衛(wei)填海”歷史新長卷。

 

“精衛填海”，筑就世界第一深水大港

開工以前的洋(yang)山深(shen)水港，是距離上海(hai)(hai)(hai)30公里互不(bu)相(xiang)鄰的10余個小海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)，之(zhi)間海(hai)(hai)(hai)溝深(shen)度最深(shen)超過30米(mi)。如(ru)今(jin)15年過去(qu)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)溝已經填(tian)平，海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)連(lian)在(zai)(zai)一起，形成了(le)陸(lu)域面積(ji)超過8平方公里的現代洋(yang)山深(shen)水港區，與大陸(lu)通(tong)過東海(hai)(hai)(hai)大橋連(lian)接。據不(bu)完(wan)全統計，為了(le)填(tian)平這些海(hai)(hai)(hai)溝，洋(yang)山砂石(shi)拋填(tian)總量超過1億立方米(mi)，相(xiang)當于在(zai)(zai)平均水深(shen)20多米(mi)的島(dao)嶼(yu)之(zhi)間，在(zai)(zai)1000多個足球場的范圍內(nei)，將(jiang)砂石(shi)堆到七層樓的高(gao)度。

建設前的小洋山

洋山港一二三期

洋山港工程(cheng)從2002年開工建(jian)設，一至三期工程(cheng)現已完工，共(gong)有16個7萬(wan)(wan)-15萬(wan)(wan)噸級(ji)深(shen)(shen)水(shui)集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)泊位。中建(jian)港務和(he)兄弟單(dan)位一起，累計(ji)建(jian)成(cheng)集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)深(shen)(shen)水(shui)港碼頭岸線5.6公(gong)里、集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)堆場(chang)8平方公(gong)里，釋放(fang)出年集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)吞吐量(liang)超過1500萬(wan)(wan)TEU的生(sheng)產能(neng)力，為上海港連(lian)續多年雄(xiong)踞全球集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)第一大港提供了最為堅定(ding)的支(zhi)撐。

即將收(shou)尾(wei)的(de)(de)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)港(gang)四期(qi)工程，碼頭岸線長2350米，陸域總面積223.16萬(wan)平(ping)方米，建(jian)設7個大型(xing)深水泊位。中建(jian)港(gang)務(wu)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要建(jian)設內容(rong)包括：水工碼頭、工作(zuo)船碼頭、地(di)基加固(gu)、道路(lu)堆(dui)場以及綜合辦公樓建(jian)設，工程量達到(dao)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)四期(qi)全部土建(jian)工程總量的(de)(de)75%。建(jian)設洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)港(gang)的(de)(de)15年間，中建(jian)港(gang)務(wu)在小洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)海(hai)域的(de)(de)狂風(feng)巨(ju)浪中，累計成功(gong)沉樁7147根(gen)，首尾(wei)相接長度超(chao)過443114延長米，排在地(di)表(biao)約等于(yu)上海(hai)到(dao)合肥的(de)(de)陸路(lu)距離。

自動化的洋山港四期工程

 

“群鴻戲海”，領跑水工工程建設新標準

架高100米打樁船“中建樁7”打樁現場

洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)港建(jian)設(she)(she)至今，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)港務洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)項目總部(bu)致(zhi)(zhi)力(li)于打造國(guo)(guo)(guo)內水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)新高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)，3項施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)獲評(ping)(ping)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)，6項施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)被(bei)評(ping)(ping)為交通(tong)部(bu)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)。洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)項目總部(bu)編制和實施(shi)(shi)的《洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)準(zhun)化手(shou)冊》，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑所屬(shu)系統(tong)率先(xian)確(que)立(li)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)準(zhun)建(jian)設(she)(she)典(dian)范(fan)。2016年，在(zai)交通(tong)運(yun)(yun)輸部(bu)質監局、上海市交通(tong)建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質監站指導下，項目部(bu)率先(xian)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)界開(kai)展(zhan)《水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)化建(jian)設(she)(she)》試點(dian)，編制實施(shi)(shi)《水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)化建(jian)設(she)(she)指南實施(shi)(shi)方(fang)案》。2016年9月28日，交通(tong)部(bu)百人專家(jia)團到現場觀摩，對洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)設(she)(she)細節、質量(liang)安全(quan)和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)標(biao)準(zhun)化等內容進行深入探討(tao)，一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)給(gei)予高(gao)度評(ping)(ping)價。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)港務參與編制的《上海國(guo)(guo)(guo)際航運(yun)(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)深水(shui)(shui)港區四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)U型槽軌(gui)枕道(dao)砟基礎及軌(gui)道(dao)安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)檢(jian)驗標(biao)準(zhun)（試行）》，正(zheng)進入交通(tong)部(bu)部(bu)級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)審核流程(cheng)(cheng)。

 

“金翅擘海”，智造技術領先新港區

起重船正在安裝洋山四期工作船碼頭首個沉箱

15年的(de)(de)洋山建(jian)設史，是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部中建(jian)港(gang)務洋山人的(de)(de)科技創(chuang)新奮斗(dou)史。面對第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)施打(da)大(da)口(kou)徑密(mi)排鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)施工(gong)海(hai)上大(da)體積高性(xing)能混凝土，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)自(zi)主制造大(da)口(kou)徑高標準螺旋鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)見(jian)識(shi)水(shui)下陽極塊，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)實(shi)施深海(hai)地(di)(di)基(ji)加固(gu)(gu)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)施工(gong)水(shui)下倒(dao)濾層……中建(jian)港(gang)務在眾多(duo)參(can)建(jian)隊伍中第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個獲(huo)得國(guo)家發明和實(shi)用新型專利(li)，完(wan)成水(shui)工(gong)碼頭、地(di)(di)基(ji)加固(gu)(gu)、道堆施工(gong)多(duo)項(xiang)技術(shu)總(zong)結，為企業核心競爭力的(de)(de)提升(sheng)集聚了大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)寶貴財富。

在(zai)對吹砂堆積區域(yu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)振沖(chong)加(jia)固時，中(zhong)(zhong)建港務的(de)(de)振沖(chong)裝置(zhi)要(yao)深入到地表以下20多米進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)振沖(chong)，整個(ge)振沖(chong)過(guo)程(cheng)都是在(zai)監管人(ren)員目光無法(fa)觸及(ji)的(de)(de)“黑箱”中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)，洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)項目部自(zi)(zi)主開發(fa)出“自(zi)(zi)動監控(kong)(kong)(kong)下深層(ceng)粉細(xi)砂地基振沖(chong)施工(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)法(fa)。在(zai)對洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)原始地貌中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)淤泥地區進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)加(jia)固時，項目部又開發(fa)出“自(zi)(zi)動監控(kong)(kong)(kong)條件下具有穩帶技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)塑料排(pai)水板施工(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)法(fa)。最后，他(ta)們又將自(zi)(zi)動監控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統應用到碎石(shi)回填區域(yu)加(jia)固施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)，開發(fa)出“利用自(zi)(zi)動監控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)強(qiang)夯施工(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)法(fa)。至此，中(zhong)(zhong)建港務將洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)地基加(jia)固領域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)三大常用工(gong)(gong)藝全部實現了施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)動化(hua)。

經過15年的創新，中國建(jian)筑洋山港項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)獲得1項(xiang)(xiang)全(quan)國科(ke)技進(jin)步(bu)二(er)等獎，1項(xiang)(xiang)上海市(shi)科(ke)技進(jin)步(bu)一等獎，4項(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)明專利，9項(xiang)(xiang)實用新型(xing)專利，5項(xiang)(xiang)全(quan)國發(fa)明展覽會(hui)金獎、銀獎。

 

精彩不止洋山港

洋山青年突擊隊

除洋山港(gang)(gang)項(xiang)目外，中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑在(zai)(zai)海外水工市場也收獲了(le)大(da)量訂單。今(jin)年5月24日(ri)，由中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑承建(jian)(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)務和中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)八局負責具體實施的(de)非洲吉(ji)布提(ti)(ti)多(duo)哈雷(lei)多(duo)功(gong)能港(gang)(gang)口(一期)舉行開港(gang)(gang)儀(yi)式。吉(ji)布提(ti)(ti)多(duo)哈雷(lei)港(gang)(gang)設計吞吐能力為20萬標(biao)準箱，合(he)同金(jin)額為4.217億美元，是中(zhong)資建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑企(qi)業迄今(jin)為止在(zai)(zai)東(dong)北非地區承接的(de)最大(da)規(gui)模港(gang)(gang)口項(xiang)目，是中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑目前完成的(de)海外最大(da)的(de)水工項(xiang)目。吉(ji)布提(ti)(ti)地處亞非歐十字路口，是國(guo)際主航線必(bi)經之地，也是一帶一路上重要的(de)銜接點。

不論是陸上還是海上，中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)筑都以一貫的工程質量廣受好評(ping)，進而拓展(zhan)了更大的市場。據統計，中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)筑營業(ye)收入平均每十二年增長十倍。位(wei)居(ju)2016年度《財富》世界(jie)500強(qiang)第(di)24位(wei)，獲得標普、穆迪、惠譽等國(guo)際(ji)三大評(ping)級(ji)(ji)機構信(xin)用評(ping)級(ji)(ji)A級(ji)(ji)，為全球建(jian)筑行業(ye)最高信(xin)用評(ping)級(ji)(ji)。

截至十二(er)五末，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑基礎(chu)設(she)施已完成投資(zi)(zi)2000億(yi)元，續投將(jiang)達萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)元，投資(zi)(zi)、建(jian)設(she)和(he)運營的(de)鐵路里程(cheng)1800多公(gong)里；公(gong)路里程(cheng)達十幾萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)里；軌道交通里程(cheng)數百公(gong)里。隧道、橋梁、機場、港口、核電(dian)等工程(cheng)星羅棋布，并(bing)已成為國(guo)(guo)家城市綜合管廊和(he)海綿城市建(jian)設(she)的(de)主(zhu)力軍。按照“十三五”規劃，在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑轉型升(sheng)級的(de)宏偉(wei)藍(lan)圖(tu)中(zhong)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑基礎(chu)設(she)施業(ye)務將(jiang)站(zhan)在(zai)歷史高(gao)點(dian)上再出發。 （國(guo)(guo)務院國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)委網站(zhan) 王鈺）