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在我國，90%的(de)300米以上摩天大樓、3/4的(de)重(zhong)點機場、3/4的(de)衛星(xing)發(fa)(fa)射基地(di)、1/3的(de)城市綜合管廊、1/2的(de)核電(dian)站是由(you)中國建筑投資(zi)建設，而你(ni)可(ke)能(neng)不知(zhi)道的(de)是，近年(nian)來中國建筑已從陸上發(fa)(fa)展到深(shen)海。2017年(nian)底，洋山深(shen)水港四期工程即將開(kai)港試運行，屆(jie)時擁有7個(ge)大型深(shen)水泊位的(de)洋山港四期將成為(wei)世界最大的(de)自動化(hua)集裝箱(xiang)碼(ma)頭。

洋山深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)是世界最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)島型(xing)人工深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)，也是建(jian)設上(shang)海(hai)國(guo)際航運(yun)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)和(he)樞紐型(xing)工程。洋山港(gang)(gang)全面建(jian)成后，將(jiang)助推上(shang)海(hai)港(gang)(gang)年(nian)集裝箱吞(tun)吐量(liang)突破4000萬(wan)TEU（標(biao)(biao)準箱），這個數字超過了美(mei)國(guo)九大(da)(da)港(gang)(gang)口的(de)(de)(de)吞(tun)吐總(zong)量(liang)，也是目(mu)前全球港(gang)(gang)口年(nian)吞(tun)吐量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)十分之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。從(cong)2002年(nian)6月26日中國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程總(zong)公(gong)司旗(qi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)中建(jian)港(gang)(gang)務在洋山深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)區一(yi)(yi)(yi)期C標(biao)(biao)碼頭打下(xia)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)根樁開(kai)始，經過十五年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設歷(li)程，把一(yi)(yi)(yi)個僅有3000原住漁(yu)民的(de)(de)(de)孤島小漁(yu)村，變成了一(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)總(zong)面積相當于(yu)1000多個足球場大(da)(da)小的(de)(de)(de)現代化深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)新(xin)(xin)“桑田(tian)”，譜寫(xie)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)幅壯美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)現代版“精衛填海(hai)”歷(li)史新(xin)(xin)長卷。

 

“精衛填海”，筑就世界第一深水大港

開(kai)工(gong)以(yi)前(qian)的(de)(de)洋(yang)山深(shen)水(shui)港，是距離上海(hai)(hai)30公里互不(bu)相鄰的(de)(de)10余個(ge)小海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)，之(zhi)間海(hai)(hai)溝深(shen)度最深(shen)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)30米(mi)。如今15年過(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)，海(hai)(hai)溝已經填平，海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)連(lian)在一起，形成了陸域面(mian)積超過(guo)(guo)(guo)8平方(fang)公里的(de)(de)現代洋(yang)山深(shen)水(shui)港區(qu)，與大陸通過(guo)(guo)(guo)東海(hai)(hai)大橋連(lian)接(jie)。據不(bu)完全(quan)統(tong)計，為了填平這些海(hai)(hai)溝，洋(yang)山砂石拋填總量超過(guo)(guo)(guo)1億立方(fang)米(mi)，相當于(yu)在平均(jun)水(shui)深(shen)20多米(mi)的(de)(de)島(dao)(dao)嶼之(zhi)間，在1000多個(ge)足球(qiu)場的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內，將砂石堆(dui)到七層樓的(de)(de)高度。

建設前的小洋山

洋山港一二三期

洋山(shan)港(gang)工程(cheng)從2002年(nian)開工建設，一(yi)(yi)至三期工程(cheng)現(xian)已完工，共有16個(ge)7萬-15萬噸級深水(shui)集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)泊位(wei)。中建港(gang)務和兄弟單位(wei)一(yi)(yi)起，累(lei)計建成集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)深水(shui)港(gang)碼頭岸線5.6公里、集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)堆場8平方(fang)公里，釋放出年(nian)集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)吞吐量超過1500萬TEU的生產(chan)能(neng)力，為(wei)上海港(gang)連續多年(nian)雄踞全球(qiu)集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)第一(yi)(yi)大港(gang)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)最為(wei)堅(jian)定(ding)的支撐(cheng)。

即將收尾的(de)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)港四期工(gong)程，碼(ma)頭岸線長(chang)2350米，陸域總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)223.16萬平方米，建(jian)(jian)設(she)7個(ge)大型深水泊(bo)位。中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)港務(wu)的(de)主(zhu)要建(jian)(jian)設(she)內容包括：水工(gong)碼(ma)頭、工(gong)作船碼(ma)頭、地基加固、道路(lu)(lu)堆(dui)場以(yi)及綜(zong)合(he)辦公(gong)樓建(jian)(jian)設(she)，工(gong)程量達(da)到(dao)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)四期全部土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程總(zong)(zong)量的(de)75%。建(jian)(jian)設(she)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)港的(de)15年間，中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)港務(wu)在小洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)海(hai)域的(de)狂風巨(ju)浪中(zhong)，累(lei)計成功(gong)沉樁7147根，首尾相接(jie)長(chang)度超(chao)過443114延長(chang)米，排在地表約等(deng)于上海(hai)到(dao)合(he)肥(fei)的(de)陸路(lu)(lu)距(ju)離(li)。

自動化的洋山港四期工程

 

“群鴻戲海”，領跑水工工程建設新標準

架高100米打樁船“中建樁7”打樁現場

洋(yang)山(shan)港(gang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)至今(jin)，中建(jian)(jian)(jian)港(gang)務洋(yang)山(shan)項目(mu)總(zong)部(bu)(bu)致(zhi)力于(yu)打造(zao)國(guo)內水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)新高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，3項施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)獲評(ping)國(guo)家一(yi)(yi)級工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)，6項施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)被評(ping)為交通(tong)部(bu)(bu)水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)級工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)。洋(yang)山(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中，洋(yang)山(shan)項目(mu)總(zong)部(bu)(bu)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)和實施(shi)的(de)《洋(yang)山(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)手冊》，在中國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑所屬(shu)系統率(lv)先確立(li)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)典范。2016年，在交通(tong)運(yun)輸部(bu)(bu)質監局、上海(hai)市交通(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質監站指(zhi)導下(xia)，項目(mu)部(bu)(bu)率(lv)先在國(guo)內水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)界開展(zhan)《水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)》試點，編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)實施(shi)《水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)指(zhi)南實施(shi)方案(an)》。2016年9月28日，交通(tong)部(bu)(bu)百人專家團到現場觀摩，對洋(yang)山(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)細節、質量安全(quan)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)等內容進行(xing)深入探討，一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)給予高(gao)度評(ping)價(jia)。中建(jian)(jian)(jian)港(gang)務參與(yu)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)的(de)《上海(hai)國(guo)際航運(yun)中心洋(yang)山(shan)深水(shui)港(gang)區四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)U型槽(cao)軌枕道砟基礎及軌道安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量檢驗標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)（試行(xing)）》，正進入交通(tong)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)級標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)審核流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

 

“金翅擘海”，智造技術領先新港區

起重船正在安裝洋山四期工作船碼頭首個沉箱

15年的(de)洋山建(jian)設史(shi)(shi)，是一部中(zhong)建(jian)港務洋山人的(de)科技創新奮斗(dou)史(shi)(shi)。面對第(di)(di)(di)一次(ci)施(shi)打大口徑密排鋼管(guan)樁(zhuang)，第(di)(di)(di)一次(ci)施(shi)工(gong)海上大體積高性能混凝土，第(di)(di)(di)一次(ci)自主(zhu)制(zhi)造大口徑高標準螺旋鋼管(guan)樁(zhuang)，第(di)(di)(di)一次(ci)見識(shi)水(shui)下陽極塊，第(di)(di)(di)一次(ci)實施(shi)深海地(di)基加固，第(di)(di)(di)一次(ci)施(shi)工(gong)水(shui)下倒(dao)濾層……中(zhong)建(jian)港務在(zai)眾多參建(jian)隊伍中(zhong)第(di)(di)(di)一個獲得國家(jia)發明和實用新型(xing)專利(li)，完成水(shui)工(gong)碼頭、地(di)基加固、道堆(dui)施(shi)工(gong)多項(xiang)技術總結，為企業核心(xin)競爭力(li)的(de)提升集聚(ju)了大量的(de)寶(bao)貴財(cai)富。

在對吹砂(sha)堆(dui)積區域進(jin)(jin)(jin)行振沖(chong)加固時，中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)港務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振沖(chong)裝置(zhi)要深入到(dao)地表(biao)以(yi)下(xia)20多(duo)米進(jin)(jin)(jin)行振沖(chong)，整個振沖(chong)過程(cheng)都是在監(jian)管人員目光無法觸及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“黑箱”中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，洋山(shan)項目部自(zi)主開(kai)發出“自(zi)動監(jian)控(kong)(kong)下(xia)深層粉細砂(sha)地基振沖(chong)施(shi)工”工法。在對洋山(shan)原始地貌中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淤泥地區進(jin)(jin)(jin)行加固時，項目部又(you)開(kai)發出“自(zi)動監(jian)控(kong)(kong)條件下(xia)具有穩帶(dai)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料排水(shui)板(ban)施(shi)工”工法。最后，他們又(you)將自(zi)動監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)應用(yong)到(dao)碎石回填區域加固施(shi)工中(zhong)(zhong)，開(kai)發出“利用(yong)自(zi)動監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行施(shi)工質量控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強夯(hang)施(shi)工”工法。至(zhi)此，中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)港務(wu)將洋山(shan)地基加固領域中(zhong)(zhong)三(san)大常用(yong)工藝全部實現了施(shi)工過程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動化。

經(jing)過15年的創(chuang)新(xin)，中國(guo)(guo)建筑洋山港項(xiang)目獲得1項(xiang)全國(guo)(guo)科技(ji)進(jin)步(bu)二等(deng)獎，1項(xiang)上(shang)海市科技(ji)進(jin)步(bu)一等(deng)獎，4項(xiang)發(fa)明專(zhuan)利(li)，9項(xiang)實用新(xin)型專(zhuan)利(li)，5項(xiang)全國(guo)(guo)發(fa)明展覽會金獎、銀獎。

 

精彩不止洋山港

洋山青年突擊隊

除洋(yang)山港(gang)(gang)項(xiang)目外(wai)，中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)在海外(wai)水工市場(chang)也收獲了(le)大(da)量訂單(dan)。今年5月24日，由中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)務和中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)八(ba)局負責具體(ti)實施的(de)非(fei)洲(zhou)吉(ji)布(bu)提(ti)(ti)多(duo)哈(ha)雷(lei)多(duo)功能港(gang)(gang)口(一(yi)期)舉行開(kai)港(gang)(gang)儀式。吉(ji)布(bu)提(ti)(ti)多(duo)哈(ha)雷(lei)港(gang)(gang)設計吞吐能力為(wei)20萬標(biao)準箱(xiang)，合同金額為(wei)4.217億美(mei)元，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)資建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企業迄今為(wei)止在東北非(fei)地區(qu)承(cheng)接的(de)最大(da)規模港(gang)(gang)口項(xiang)目，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)目前(qian)完(wan)成的(de)海外(wai)最大(da)的(de)水工項(xiang)目。吉(ji)布(bu)提(ti)(ti)地處亞非(fei)歐十字路(lu)口，是(shi)(shi)國(guo)際(ji)主航線必經之地，也是(shi)(shi)一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)上(shang)重要的(de)銜接點。

不(bu)論是陸上(shang)還是海上(shang)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建筑都以一(yi)貫的(de)工程(cheng)質量廣受好評，進而拓展了(le)更大(da)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)。據統(tong)計，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建筑營業收(shou)入平均每十二年(nian)增長十倍(bei)。位(wei)居2016年(nian)度《財富》世界500強(qiang)第24位(wei)，獲得標普、穆迪、惠(hui)譽等國(guo)(guo)際(ji)三大(da)評級(ji)機構信用(yong)評級(ji)A級(ji)，為全球建筑行業最高信用(yong)評級(ji)。

截至十(shi)(shi)二五(wu)(wu)末(mo)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基(ji)礎設(she)施已完成(cheng)投資2000億元(yuan)，續投將達萬億元(yuan)，投資、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)和運營的鐵路里(li)程1800多公里(li)；公路里(li)程達十(shi)(shi)幾萬公里(li)；軌道交(jiao)通里(li)程數百公里(li)。隧道、橋梁、機場(chang)、港口(kou)、核電等工程星羅棋布，并已成(cheng)為國(guo)(guo)家城(cheng)市(shi)綜(zong)合管廊和海綿城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的主力軍。按照“十(shi)(shi)三五(wu)(wu)”規劃，在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)轉型升級的宏(hong)偉藍圖中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基(ji)礎設(she)施業務將站在歷史(shi)高點(dian)上(shang)再出發。 （國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)資委網站 王鈺(yu)）