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貴州是全國(guo)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)能源(yuan)(yuan)大(da)省，有著十分豐(feng)富的(de)(de)煤(mei)層(ceng)氣和頁(ye)巖氣資源(yuan)(yuan)，其中，煤(mei)層(ceng)氣探明儲(chu)量(liang)為122.7億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，主要(yao)(yao)分部在六盤水煤(mei)田和織納煤(mei)田；貴州省小于(yu)2千(qian)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)煤(mei)層(ceng)氣資源(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)達3.15萬億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，居(ju)南方(fang)各省之首。頁(ye)巖氣總地(di)質資源(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)為9.28萬億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，位居(ju)全國(guo)第五(wu)，主要(yao)(yao)位于(yu)遵義市習水、正安、道真和黃平、仁懷等(deng)地(di)。

貴(gui)(gui)州省煤層氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)探(tan)礦(kuang)權(quan)共18個(ge)(ge)(ge)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)2375.19平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)盤(pan)江(jiang)煤電(dian)集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)15個(ge)(ge)(ge)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)499.54平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)比21%；烏江(jiang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)74.05平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)比3%；央企在黔(qian)有(you)煤層氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)探(tan)礦(kuang)權(quan)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)（分別為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石油(you)-六盤(pan)水保田青山區(qu)(qu)塊煤層氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)勘查項目、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石油(you)-滇(dian)黔(qian)鎮(zhen)雄-畢節地(di)區(qu)(qu)煤層氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)勘查項目），面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1602.15平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)比67%。目前貴(gui)(gui)州省尚未有(you)煤層氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采礦(kuang)權(quan)。貴(gui)(gui)州省頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)探(tan)礦(kuang)權(quan)共8個(ge)(ge)(ge)，總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)15820.05平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。2020年(nian)11月，自然資源(yuan)(yuan)部掛牌出讓貴(gui)(gui)州6個(ge)(ge)(ge)頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)探(tan)礦(kuang)權(quan)，新(xin)增(zeng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)695.85平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，全部由烏江(jiang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)團(tuan)競得，正在辦理勘查許可(ke)證階段。加(jia)上新(xin)增(zeng)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)探(tan)礦(kuang)權(quan)，目前貴(gui)(gui)州省頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)探(tan)礦(kuang)權(quan)共14個(ge)(ge)(ge)，總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)16515.9平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)；烏江(jiang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1391.8平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)比8.43%；央企有(you)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)（分別為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石化(hua)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石油(you)），面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)14140平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)比85.61%；銅(tong)仁市能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)投資有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司、北(bei)(bei)京泰坦通源(yuan)(yuan)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)資源(yuan)(yuan)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司、華熙礦(kuang)業有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司等擁有(you)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)984.1平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)比5.96%。貴(gui)(gui)州省沒有(you)頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采礦(kuang)權(quan)。2020年(nian)全省煤層氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)建成年(nian)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)1億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，累計生產(chan)2409.4萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)、利(li)用1512.2萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)、利(li)用率為(wei)62.8%；黔(qian)北(bei)(bei)頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)項目勘探(tan)開發步伐加(jia)快，預計2021年(nian)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)將達到2億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)、產(chan)量1億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。

日前，貴州省委(wei)辦公廳、省政府辦公廳印發了(le)《關(guan)于深(shen)化能(neng)源工(gong)業運行新機制加快能(neng)源高質(zhi)量(liang)發展的意見》，明確“十四(si)五(wu)”貴州著力構建清(qing)潔低碳、安全(quan)高效、持續穩(wen)定、量(liang)足(zu)價(jia)優(you)的現代能(neng)源體系，并提(ti)升天然氣儲(chu)備調峰能(neng)力和消費(fei)利用水平，確保(bao)到2025年(nian)頁巖(yan)氣年(nian)產(chan)能(neng)、年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)分別達(da)35、21億立(li)(li)方(fang)米，煤層氣年(nian)產(chan)能(neng)、年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)分別達(da)8億立(li)(li)方(fang)米、4億立(li)(li)方(fang)米。

全國(guo)人(ren)大(da)代表，貴(gui)州省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)資(zi)委黨委書記、主(zhu)任(ren)王勇分析(xi)貴(gui)州頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)、煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)等資(zi)源開(kai)發利用存在(zai)的(de)問(wen)題和(he)不(bu)(bu)足，從目(mu)前(qian)掌(zhang)握的(de)情況來看，主(zhu)要體現(xian)以下幾方面(mian)：一是(shi)資(zi)源評(ping)價還(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)系(xi)統。目(mu)前(qian)，國(guo)內成功商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)發的(de)川渝地區頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)基本屬(shu)于高壓(ya)地層(ceng)，而貴(gui)州地處盆外山地，頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)地層(ceng)均為常(chang)壓(ya)，地質(zhi)理論與評(ping)價體系(xi)無(wu)經驗(yan)借(jie)鑒(jian)，仍需投入大(da)量人(ren)力物力開(kai)展研究(jiu)來形成適合(he)貴(gui)州省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)地質(zhi)特(te)征的(de)評(ping)價體系(xi)。二(er)是(shi)勘探(tan)技術還(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)硬。通(tong)過(guo)近幾年的(de)勘探(tan)嘗試，貴(gui)州省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)積累了一定(ding)的(de)勘探(tan)開(kai)發經驗(yan)，但與國(guo)內外鉆探(tan)單位相(xiang)比，尤其是(shi)和(he)央企(qi)比，在(zai)煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)開(kai)采(cai)技術上還(huan)(huan)(huan)存在(zai)很多(duo)不(bu)(bu)足。三是(shi)人(ren)才隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)還(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)夠強。在(zai)頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)勘探(tan)開(kai)發中，技術水平要求(qiu)高，貴(gui)州缺乏相(xiang)關專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術人(ren)員、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)及專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設備，貴(gui)州省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高校也無(wu)此(ci)類專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才的(de)培養，現(xian)有勘探(tan)開(kai)發主(zhu)要依靠外省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油氣(qi)(qi)服務(wu)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)。四是(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)政策(ce)還(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)夠多(duo)。國(guo)家層(ceng)面(mian)在(zai)煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)、頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)開(kai)發的(de)資(zi)金支(zhi)持(chi)、政策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)不(bu)(bu)夠多(duo)，部分政策(ce)還(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)夠順，如煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)礦權(quan)政策(ce)為“氣(qi)(qi)隨煤走(zou)”，各方合(he)作積極性不(bu)(bu)高；項目(mu)投資(zi)大(da)，短(duan)期內投資(zi)回報率低，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貸款融資(zi)困難，總體投資(zi)不(bu)(bu)足，影響產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展。

王勇認為，中石油、中石化等央企(qi)長(chang)期致力于能源開(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)設(she)，在煤層(ceng)氣和(he)頁巖氣開(kai)發(fa)(fa)上(shang)儲備(bei)了大量(liang)的(de)技術隊伍(wu)和(he)專業的(de)施工隊伍(wu)，貴州資(zi)源富集(ji)，雙方(fang)合作(zuo)優勢互補、前(qian)途光明。2018年，國(guo)務院(yuan)出(chu)臺(tai)《關于促進天然氣協調穩(wen)定發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)若干意(yi)見》（國(guo)發(fa)(fa)〔2018〕31號），要求能源企(qi)業全(quan)面(mian)增(zeng)加國(guo)內勘(kan)探開(kai)發(fa)(fa)資(zi)金和(he)工作(zuo)量(liang)投入(ru)，確保增(zeng)儲上(shang)取(qu)得實效。

為進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)快貴州頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)開(kai)(kai)發，全(quan)面加(jia)快貴州高質量(liang)發展(zhan)，“在(zai)新(xin)時代(dai)西(xi)部大開(kai)(kai)發上闖新(xin)路”，王勇提出(chu)如下建(jian)議：一(yi)是建(jian)立健全(quan)支持政(zheng)策(ce)。在(zai)國(guo)家層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面出(chu)臺政(zheng)策(ce)，通過財稅補貼、投(tou)融資(zi)激(ji)勵(li)、技術(shu)研發鼓勵(li)和鼓勵(li)民營資(zi)本(ben)、中央(yang)(yang)和地(di)(di)方國(guo)有資(zi)本(ben)等多(duo)種(zhong)方式參與(yu)地(di)(di)方頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)發。二(er)是加(jia)快央(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)合(he)作開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)步伐。引導央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)更好地(di)(di)推(tui)動新(xin)發展(zhan)格局(ju)，充(chong)分利用資(zi)金(jin)、技術(shu)、人才優勢，加(jia)強與(yu)省內(nei)企(qi)(qi)業合(he)作，加(jia)快風險勘探省內(nei)優質頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)資(zi)源，加(jia)快開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)投(tou)用。三是健全(quan)探明儲量(liang)計算(suan)規范(fan)。加(jia)快制定出(chu)臺適合(he)常壓頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)探明儲量(liang)計算(suan)規范(fan)，加(jia)快貴州頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)區(qu)塊提交探明儲量(liang)，實現貴州省頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)礦權(quan)(quan)零的突破。四是深化(hua)礦權(quan)(quan)審批制度改革(ge)。支持有實力的企(qi)(qi)業獨自(zi)或政(zheng)企(qi)(qi)合(he)作開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)資(zi)源調查評(ping)價，空白區(qu)增(zeng)設一(yi)批煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)礦權(quan)(quan)，擇優確(que)定勘查開(kai)(kai)發主體(ti)；嚴格落實煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)遠景(jing)區(qu)實施(shi)“先采(cai)(cai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、后采(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)”，優先進(jin)(jin)行煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)面開(kai)(kai)發，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)規劃生產區(qu)實施(shi)“先抽后采(cai)(cai)”、“采(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)采(cai)(cai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)”。

【責任編輯：語謙】