文章來源：株洲國資委 發布時間：2018-02-22
政府投(tou)資公(gong)司改革(ge)一直是地方國(guo)有(you)企業(ye)改革(ge)的(de)重(zhong)點、難點。湖南省株洲(zhou)市根據(ju)市本級企業(ye)國(guo)有(you)資產主要集中在(zai)投(tou)資公(gong)司這一實際情況，在(zai)推(tui)進政府投(tou)資公(gong)司重(zhong)組轉(zhuan)型(xing)上(shang)精準發力，闖出了一條新路，探索出投(tou)資公(gong)司重(zhong)組轉(zhuan)型(xing)的(de)可借鑒、可復(fu)制的(de)株洲(zhou)模式。
收(shou)緊拳頭(tou)打出去才有力
株(zhu)洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)大多數國有投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司存在多個(ge)主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)，且主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)之(zhi)間(jian)關聯(lian)度很小(xiao)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)之(zhi)間(jian)結構(gou)趨(qu)同(tong)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復建設，相互競爭，致(zhi)使彼此爭奪資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源，經(jing)(jing)營業(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)同(tong)質化嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，且經(jing)(jing)濟效益明顯(xian)低于行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)平(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)。怎么解決這個(ge)問題(ti)？株(zhu)洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)做法就是(shi)先收緊拳頭，針對每個(ge)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的(de)實際情況(kuang)明確(que)它的(de)特色功能定位(wei)(wei)，在此基(ji)礎(chu)上精減(jian)主(zhu)營業(ye)(ye)務(wu)范圍，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組、業(ye)(ye)務(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組、管理架構(gou)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組。按照“清理退出一批(pi)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組整(zheng)合一批(pi)、創(chuang)新(xin)發展一批(pi)”的(de)工(gong)作思路(lu)，依功能定位(wei)(wei)對部(bu)分業(ye)(ye)務(wu)板(ban)塊進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整(zheng)，對市(shi)(shi)(shi)屬其他經(jing)(jing)營性資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)合，對同(tong)業(ye)(ye)同(tong)質子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)歸并。目(mu)前已重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)組建了(le)株(zhu)洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)發集團、國投(tou)集團等十大集團公(gong)(gong)(gong)司，每個(ge)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的(de)主(zhu)營業(ye)(ye)務(wu)原則(ze)上不超過三個(ge)。在整(zheng)合的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，株(zhu)洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一步改革國有資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本授權(quan)經(jing)(jing)營制度，對現(xian)代企(qi)業(ye)(ye)制度較(jiao)為(wei)規范，外派董(dong)事、監事到位(wei)(wei)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一步擴大授權(quan)，按國有資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、運營公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的(de)模式運作。
現(xian)代企(qi)業制度才是核心(xin)競爭(zheng)力
過(guo)去，公(gong)司董(dong)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)成(cheng)員主要(yao)由企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部分高管(guan)和(he)財(cai)政(zheng)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資、審計等機(ji)關(guan)干(gan)部組成(cheng)，機(ji)關(guan)干(gan)部由于時(shi)間精力(li)不(bu)夠，專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)水平有限，加上(shang)信(xin)息不(bu)對(dui)稱，決策(ce)往(wang)往(wang)流于形式。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內設監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)也難(nan)以履行(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督職(zhi)能。為(wei)了從根本上(shang)解決這(zhe)一問(wen)題，株(zhu)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)率先探索了專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有產權(quan)(quan)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)制(zhi)度(du)，出臺(tai)了《株(zhu)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有產權(quan)(quan)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法》。專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有產權(quan)(quan)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)從市(shi)屬企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現任(ren)高管(guan)、黨政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)優(you)秀干(gan)部和(he)面向(xiang)社會(hui)(hui)公(gong)開選拔，由株(zhu)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)委(wei)(wei)任(ren)命(ming)，株(zhu)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資委(wei)(wei)委(wei)(wei)派到(dao)相(xiang)關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。要(yao)求市(shi)屬國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有獨(du)資公(gong)司董(dong)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)成(cheng)員中，外部專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有產權(quan)(quan)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)所(suo)占比例必(bi)須超過(guo)半數(shu)。同時(shi)，設立(li)外派監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)，每個(ge)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)負(fu)責(ze)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督2-3家企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。株(zhu)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資委(wei)(wei)主任(ren)吳佳(jia)輝介紹(shao)：“實行(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有產權(quan)(quan)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)，既解決了黨政(zheng)領導干(gan)部在(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)兼(jian)職(zhi)問(wen)題，又真正發揮(hui)了董(dong)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)的(de)決策(ce)作用(yong)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督作用(yong)，使國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)決策(ce)和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督更加科(ke)學和(he)規范。”
作為現代企業治理(li)(li)結(jie)構中負責執行的經理(li)(li)層(ceng)，選拔途徑單一，經營型人才比較缺乏，是(shi)另一個令株洲(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)委市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府頭(tou)痛的問題。為此，最近(jin)株洲(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)委市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府下決心拿出21個國企高級(ji)經營管理(li)(li)崗位(wei)進行市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化(hua)選聘，最高年薪達200萬元。據悉，如此大規模地市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化(hua)選聘國有企業經營管理(li)(li)人才，在(zai)湖南(nan)省尚(shang)屬(shu)首次。此舉將打破(po)身份、地域、所有制(zhi)限制(zhi)，不拘一格為國企吸納高層(ceng)次人才，進一步激發(fa)國企發(fa)展動能，同時又可(ke)以發(fa)揮(hui)“鯰魚效應”，倒逼(bi)政(zheng)府部門改革，倒逼(bi)公司市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化(hua)轉型。
加強黨的領導關鍵靠(kao)制度保障
中(zhong)(zhong)共株洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)委(wei)組織部副部長吳曉光介紹：“株洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)國企改(gai)(gai)革(ge)始終堅持落實(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)與(yu)國有企業(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)“四(si)(si)同步”、“四(si)(si)對(dui)接”，把(ba)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)內(nei)嵌到國有企業(ye)(ye)治(zhi)理(li)(li)結構(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)。”株洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)2015年就(jiu)出臺了《關于(yu)在市(shi)(shi)(shi)管企業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)堅持黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)加(jia)強黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)實(shi)施辦法(fa)(fa)》，為國有企業(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)班子(zi)和(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)組織建(jian)設(she)指明(ming)了方向。在《株洲市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府投資公(gong)司改(gai)(gai)革(ge)重(zhong)組方案》及各公(gong)司重(zhong)組方案中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)和(he)紀(ji)委(wei)的(de)(de)設(she)置作出了具體安排。在公(gong)司章程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)首次明(ming)確了黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)組織在公(gong)司法(fa)(fa)人治(zhi)理(li)(li)結構(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)定地(di)位，從黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)的(de)(de)設(she)置、總體要(yao)(yao)求、基本職責(ze)(ze)、參與(yu)決策事(shi)(shi)項、主要(yao)(yao)程(cheng)序分(fen)別作了詳細的(de)(de)規(gui)定。按照(zhao)“好干部”標準，選強配優“三會(hui)一(yi)層”的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)班子(zi)，構(gou)建(jian)完整的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)法(fa)(fa)人治(zhi)理(li)(li)結構(gou)，實(shi)行黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)政(zheng)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)“雙向進入、交叉任職”。明(ming)確市(shi)(shi)(shi)管國有企業(ye)(ye)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)書記、董事(shi)(shi)長由一(yi)人擔任，配備一(yi)名專職副書記負責(ze)(ze)抓黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)建(jian)。符(fu)合(he)(he)條件(jian)的(de)(de)公(gong)司黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)班子(zi)成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)過法(fa)(fa)定程(cheng)序進入董事(shi)(shi)會(hui)，董事(shi)(shi)會(hui)、監事(shi)(shi)會(hui)、經理(li)(li)層成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)符(fu)合(he)(he)條件(jian)的(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)依照(zhao)有關規(gui)定和(he)程(cheng)序可(ke)以進入黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)會(hui)。
得益于(yu)投(tou)資(zi)公司(si)(si)(si)的成(cheng)功轉型，株洲市(shi)(shi)深化國(guo)企改革(ge)的成(cheng)效(xiao)開(kai)始逐步顯(xian)(xian)現。資(zi)產規(gui)模擴大，2016年(nian)株洲市(shi)(shi)投(tou)資(zi)公司(si)(si)(si)資(zi)產總額1244.2億元(yuan)，較年(nian)初(chu)增長(chang)(chang)14.9%。信用等(deng)級提(ti)高，株洲市(shi)(shi)城發集團主(zhu)體(ti)信用等(deng)級從AA提(ti)升到AA+，成(cheng)為湖南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)除長(chang)(chang)沙市(shi)(shi)以外(wai)城市(shi)(shi)政府投(tou)資(zi)公司(si)(si)(si)中唯一(yi)的AA+企業(ye)，其他公司(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)體(ti)信用等(deng)級均為AA。投(tou)融(rong)資(zi)能力增強，去年(nian)投(tou)資(zi)公司(si)(si)(si)共(gong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)、融(rong)資(zi)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)分別增長(chang)(chang)117.6%、18%。市(shi)(shi)城發集團在全省(sheng)(sheng)率先發行了(le)首支海(hai)外(wai)債(zhai)券3億美元(yuan)。通(tong)過改革(ge)轉型，企業(ye)發展活力和內生動力明顯(xian)(xian)增強。去年(nian)投(tou)資(zi)公司(si)(si)(si)共(gong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)收入同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)57.1%，實現利潤同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)31.6%。