文章來源：學習時(shi)報 發布時(shi)間：2021-03-24
如(ru)果(guo)把5G網絡(luo)、人工智能(neng)、工業(ye)互聯(lian)(lian)網、物聯(lian)(lian)網、數據中心等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代信息(xi)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施界定為新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施，那么(me)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)（以(yi)下簡稱“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”）并非一(yi)個全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)事物。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中央(yang)經濟(ji)工作(zuo)會議提出：要促(cu)進(jin)(jin)形成(cheng)強大(da)國(guo)(guo)內市場，我國(guo)(guo)發展(zhan)現階段投資(zi)需(xu)求潛(qian)力(li)仍(reng)然巨大(da)，要發揮(hui)投資(zi)關鍵作(zuo)用，加快5G商用步伐，加強人工智能(neng)、工業(ye)互聯(lian)(lian)網、物聯(lian)(lian)網等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)。隨(sui)后，在2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)政府(fu)工作(zuo)報告中提出加強新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代信息(xi)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)。2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月30日中央(yang)政治局會議針對(dui)下半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經濟(ji)工作(zuo)再次(ci)強調(diao)，要加快推進(jin)(jin)信息(xi)網絡(luo)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)。甚至，可(ke)以(yi)把“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”上溯到2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)際金(jin)融危機，當時全(quan)球為了應對(dui)國(guo)(guo)際金(jin)融危機努力(li)尋求新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)增長點，這極大(da)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪科技和產業(ye)革命(ming)加速拓(tuo)展(zhan)，自此(ci)以(yi)后上述(shu)所(suo)謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施一(yi)直是(shi)全(quan)球投資(zi)和資(zi)本市場追(zhui)逐的(de)(de)方(fang)向。
在新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫情沖擊下，近期中央多次會議反復提及加快(kuai)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”，市場(chang)也(ye)在高(gao)(gao)度(du)關注“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”這個(ge)熱點(dian)，有(you)人(ren)將其(qi)作為新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“刺激計(ji)劃”。的(de)(de)(de)(de)確，加快(kuai)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”有(you)擴(kuo)大內需(xu)(xu)、保證2020年經濟增長(chang)目標實(shi)現(xian)這方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，但是，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”并不新(xin)(xin)(xin)，實(shi)際上更是上述政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)。科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)是要(yao)把“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”內嵌于我(wo)國高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)，使其(qi)客觀上發揮了擴(kuo)大內需(xu)(xu)、促進增長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。具體而(er)言，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型基礎設施(shi)應該理解為新(xin)(xin)(xin)型工(gong)業化、新(xin)(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)鎮化、現(xian)代(dai)化經濟體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎設施(shi)，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建”要(yao)能(neng)夠服(fu)務于高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量工(gong)業化、高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量城(cheng)鎮化戰略，要(yao)能(neng)夠堅持(chi)供給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構性改革，這才能(neng)真(zhen)正服(fu)務于我(wo)國經濟高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量發展，避免回(hui)到“大水漫(man)灌(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)老路。
新型基礎設施應是新型工業化的基礎設施，支撐高質量工業化戰略
當前(qian)資本市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)(shang)流行(xing)觀點認為(wei)(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)包(bao)括七大領域(yu)：5G基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建、特高壓（電(dian)力物聯網）、高鐵（軌道交通）、充電(dian)樁（新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車）、數據中(zhong)心（云(yun)計算）、人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業互聯網，在此之前(qian)，一(yi)些(xie)(xie)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究機(ji)(ji)(ji)構將新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)義為(wei)(wei)融合感知、傳(chuan)輸、存儲、計算、處理為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。實際上(shang)(shang)，這些(xie)(xie)界定(ding)雖然比較具(ju)體，但(dan)內涵(han)還(huan)過(guo)于狹窄，無法真正詮(quan)釋新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全部內涵(han)。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)”應(ying)(ying)是和(he)“傳(chuan)統”相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)該對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是傳(chuan)統基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而傳(chuan)統基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般就是我們所理解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路、公路、機(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)、港口(kou)城市(shi)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)傳(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本上(shang)(shang)是基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于上(shang)(shang)一(yi)輪(lun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、電(dian)氣(qi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、通信(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)等(deng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則是新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則是在傳(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)(shang)疊加了(le)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、數字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、網絡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)要(yao)求，是新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、智能(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)等(deng)產(chan)生和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既包(bao)括新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也包(bao)括傳(chuan)統基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改造后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)該是新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)僅包(bao)括新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智能(neng)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)應(ying)(ying)包(bao)括與綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)類基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；不(bu)僅包(bao)括上(shang)(shang)述七大領域(yu)，還(huan)應(ying)(ying)包(bao)括支撐(cheng)不(bu)斷深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)拓展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)產(chan)業革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
由于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)后(hou)發(fa)(fa)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路，而(er)是(shi)融(rong)合(he)了信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路。在(zai)(zai)新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路上我國(guo)(guo)(guo)快(kuai)速(su)推(tui)進(jin)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程，基(ji)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理(li)(li)論測評，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)步入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)。但(dan)是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程還存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問題(ti)(ti)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)還亟待(dai)提(ti)升。一(yi)是(shi)各(ge)區域(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，一(yi)些區域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)。上海、北京、廣東、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇等(deng)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)步入到后(hou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)段(duan)，但(dan)仍有相(xiang)當數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)部省份基(ji)本還處于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)。二是(shi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，創新能(neng)力(li)和高(gao)(gao)(gao)端產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)，鋼鐵(tie)、石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)材等(deng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)產(chan)能(neng)過剩問題(ti)(ti)突出并長期(qi)(qi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)，而(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)端產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)夠和產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)價(jia)值鏈高(gao)(gao)(gao)端環(huan)節占有不(bu)(bu)足，自(zi)主創新能(neng)力(li)還有待(dai)提(ti)升。三是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速(su)度與資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)承載力(li)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，綠色(se)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)，14億人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程，給資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承載提(ti)出了極大挑戰(zhan)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大報告(gao)提(ti)出我國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)已(yi)由高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)增長階(jie)段(duan)轉向高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)，而(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)新發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理(li)(li)念指導下針對(dui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，與此相(xiang)適應，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路也需要(yao)(yao)從(cong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)轉向高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)，針對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問題(ti)(ti)，積極推(tui)進(jin)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)。因此，“新基(ji)建(jian)”需要(yao)(yao)支撐高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)，針對(dui)上述區域(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)等(deng)方(fang)面不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問題(ti)(ti)進(jin)行新型基(ji)礎設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目選擇、融(rong)資投資、布(bu)局選址等(deng)一(yi)系列建(jian)設(she)決策(ce)。這意味(wei)著“新基(ji)建(jian)”絕不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)是(shi)今年(nian)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增長問題(ti)(ti)，而(er)是(shi)“十四五”規劃乃至我國(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)面建(jian)設(she)社會主義(yi)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大問題(ti)(ti)。
新型基礎設施應是新型城鎮化的基礎設施，支撐高質量城鎮化戰略
伴隨(sui)著工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)會不斷推(tui)進(jin)，這(zhe)是(shi)一個(ge)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)普遍規律。隨(sui)著我(wo)國新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)的(de)(de)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，我(wo)國也開始不斷推(tui)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，2014年(nian)3月，中共(gong)中央、國務院印發(fa)《國家新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃（2014—2020年(nian)）》，明確指出緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞(rao)全(quan)面(mian)提高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)質量(liang)，走以人為本、“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、生態文明、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)承的(de)(de)中國特色(se)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發(fa)展(zhan)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市間和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市內的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)量(liang)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施也應該(gai)與(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求相(xiang)適(shi)應。經濟(ji)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)展(zhan)，也就是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深度(du)融合，而(er)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良性(xing)互動(dong)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)農(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)協(xie)調。從更廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)意義上看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施應該(gai)是(shi)“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施，不僅(jin)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深度(du)融合要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良性(xing)互動(dong)、與(yu)農(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協(xie)調的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。
具體(ti)(ti)而言，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)可以體(ti)(ti)現為建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)智(zhi)慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠色城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、森林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、人文城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等一系(xi)列類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)現代化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，還(huan)體(ti)(ti)現在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群、大都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，這(zhe)些要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)是(shi)高質量(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)(de)(de)目標，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)符(fu)合現代化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群和(he)(he)(he)(he)都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。要(yao)(yao)支撐(cheng)高質量(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”一方面(mian)布局全新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，如新(xin)(xin)(xin)一代智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)信(xin)息(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)，包(bao)括F5G（千兆光(guang)纖寬帶）、5G、物聯網(wang)、云(yun)計(ji)算、邊緣計(ji)算、新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)互聯網(wang)交換中(zhong)心等；另一方面(mian)利用新(xin)(xin)(xin)一代信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)綠色技(ji)術(shu)與交通(tong)運輸(shu)、能(neng)(neng)源水(shui)利、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政、環保、公(gong)共(gong)(gong)衛生等傳統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)融合，對傳統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)升級而建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。例如，通(tong)過信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)與傳統基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度融合，形(xing)成(cheng)工業物聯網(wang)、車(che)聯網(wang)、電力物聯網(wang)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)感知(zhi)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政等。高質量(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)，不僅包(bao)括單體(ti)(ti)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮發(fa)展(zhan)，還(huan)包(bao)括建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群、都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，我國經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間結構正在發(fa)生深(shen)刻(ke)變化(hua)(hua)，中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群正在成(cheng)為承(cheng)載發(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)空(kong)間形(xing)式。未來(lai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群和(he)(he)(he)(he)都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)需求(qiu)(qiu)量(liang)(liang)很大，這(zhe)既包(bao)括城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間高速(su)、便捷、綠色、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，還(huan)包(bao)括都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)郊區(qu)、中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)衛星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間交通(tong)、信(xin)息(xi)等基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以及(ji)各類(lei)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。總之(zhi)，支撐(cheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)，將是(shi)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”的(de)(de)(de)一個主(zhu)戰(zhan)場(chang)。
新型基礎設施應是現代化經濟體系的基礎設施，堅持供給側結構性改革
我(wo)國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)從高(gao)速增長轉向高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展，相應的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)從傳統經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉向現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，建設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展的(de)必(bi)然(ran)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)必(bi)然(ran)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)都是(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)方向和(he)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，因此，新型(xing)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)是(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，構(gou)成了(le)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。制約傳統經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉向現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)關鍵矛(mao)盾在于供給(gei)(gei)(gei)側質(zhi)(zhi)量不高(gao)，建設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)量，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)破除無效供給(gei)(gei)(gei)、提高(gao)有效供給(gei)(gei)(gei)，以更好地滿(man)足(zu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，也就是(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)性改革。同樣，建設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，需(xu)(xu)通過“新基(ji)建”進(jin)(jin)行(xing)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)創新，從而提高(gao)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)量，促進(jin)(jin)數字經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、智(zhi)能經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和(he)綠色經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展，進(jin)(jin)而推(tui)進(jin)(jin)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)轉型(xing)升級(ji)，從而實現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)性改革的(de)目標(biao)。
但(dan)是，加(jia)快“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”并不必然(ran)(ran)就(jiu)是推(tui)進(jin)(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革。2015年以(yi)來(lai)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革成為我(wo)國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工作主線。供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革，旨在(zai)以(yi)改(gai)革體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法推(tui)進(jin)(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)調整、提(ti)高供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)量，以(yi)更(geng)好(hao)地(di)滿足需求(qiu)，進(jin)(jin)而實現經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)平穩健康發展。供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)是深化市(shi)場(chang)化改(gai)革、完(wan)善市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，通(tong)過(guo)更(geng)加(jia)完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)只(zhi)手來(lai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整，而不是用(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)這(zhe)只(zhi)手直接干預供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、實現經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)調整。也(ye)就(jiu)是說，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”如果只(zhi)是政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)，試(shi)圖通(tong)過(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)來(lai)提(ti)高經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)量，雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)這(zhe)可能(neng)會大幅度拉(la)動(dong)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)、擴大內需，產生直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)從需求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)刺(ci)激經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，但(dan)由于沒(mei)有(you)(you)很(hen)好(hao)地(di)利用(yong)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不能(neng)認為“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”是深化供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”要堅持(chi)(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革，是要求(qiu)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)與項目更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是尊(zun)重市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)(gui)律、市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發生作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果，而不是政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)通(tong)過(guo)選擇(ze)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產業政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策進(jin)(jin)行(xing)大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)刺(ci)激作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”堅持(chi)(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革，本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)上是對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)上熱盼通(tong)過(guo)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)刺(ci)激經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)否(fou)定(ding)。雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施一(yi)(yi)般具有(you)(you)公共性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，也(ye)需要大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)，這(zhe)需要政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)前(qian)規(gui)(gui)劃和投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)，但(dan)是要想獲得長期(qi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效率(lv)，基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)也(ye)必須堅持(chi)(chi)優先和充分利用(yong)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。尤(you)其是新(xin)(xin)(xin)型基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施與傳統基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施具有(you)(you)很(hen)大區(qu)別(bie)，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)市(shi)場(chang)前(qian)景不確定(ding)較大，選擇(ze)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產業政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不高，另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)近些年在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)推(tui)動(dong)下(xia)這(zhe)個領域已經(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)了很(hen)好(hao)地(di)發展成就(jiu)。因此，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”需要政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)引(yin)導，但(dan)切勿過(guo)度直接介(jie)入。尤(you)其是在(zai)當前(qian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫(yi)情(qing)沖擊、宏觀經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)目標實現壓力(li)增大、地(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)熱情(qing)高漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia)，更(geng)需要對(dui)此保持(chi)(chi)高度的(de)(de)(de)(de)清醒(xing)。
總(zong)之，中央(yang)提出加快“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)”，應該更(geng)多地從促進我國(guo)經(jing)濟高質量發(fa)展角(jiao)度理解(jie)和(he)認識(shi)，而積極推進“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)”，不能忘記供給側結構性改革(ge)的工作主線(xian)，要從優先和(he)充(chong)分利用市場機制入手。 （黃群慧）
【責任編輯：語謙】