文章來(lai)源：學(xue)習(xi)時報 發布時間：2021-06-03
黨的(de)十九屆四中全會(hui)提出，堅持和(he)完善(shan)社會(hui)主(zhu)義基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)制度(du)，推動經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)高質量(liang)發展(zhan)。混(hun)(hun)合所有(you)(you)制經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)，是以(yi)公(gong)有(you)(you)制為(wei)主(zhu)體、多種所有(you)(you)制經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)共同發展(zhan)這(zhe)一基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)制度(du)的(de)重要實(shi)現形式。發展(zhan)混(hun)(hun)合所有(you)(you)制經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)，既(ji)是完善(shan)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)制度(du)的(de)內在要求，也是夯實(shi)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)制度(du)微觀基(ji)礎，使基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)制度(du)運(yun)行更加(jia)成熟有(you)(you)效的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)。
混合所有制經濟是基本經濟制度的重要實現形式
習近平總書記在(zai)黨的(de)十(shi)八(ba)屆三中全(quan)會指出(chu)，“要積極發(fa)展(zhan)混合(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟，強(qiang)調(diao)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)、集體資(zi)本(ben)(ben)、非公有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)等交叉(cha)持股(gu)、相互融合(he)(he)的(de)混合(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟，是(shi)基本(ben)(ben)經(jing)濟制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要實現形(xing)式(shi)，有(you)(you)利于國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)放大功能、保值增值、提(ti)高(gao)競爭力(li)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)新形(xing)勢下堅持公有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)主體地位(wei)(wei)，增強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)經(jing)濟活(huo)力(li)、控制(zhi)(zhi)力(li)、影響(xiang)力(li)的(de)一個有(you)(you)效(xiao)途徑和(he)必(bi)然選擇”。這(zhe)(zhe)一重(zhong)(zhong)要論斷首次將混合(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟提(ti)升到基本(ben)(ben)經(jing)濟制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)重(zhong)(zhong)要實現形(xing)式(shi)的(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)，充分肯定了發(fa)展(zhan)混合(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟的(de)目的(de)、意義、地位(wei)(wei)和(he)作用，為完善我國(guo)(guo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)結構指明了方(fang)向。
把混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)確定為(wei)基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，既是(shi)對基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度運行(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)(jie)，也(ye)(ye)體現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)我(wo)黨對公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)合方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)認識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)新高度。十五大(da)報(bao)告提出(chu)混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)概念，并指出(chu)要(yao)全(quan)面認識(shi)公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)含義(yi)，混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)分(fen)和集體成(cheng)分(fen)也(ye)(ye)屬于公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。十六(liu)屆(jie)三(san)中(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)(hui)提出(chu)大(da)力發展(zhan)(zhan)混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，使股份制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)為(wei)公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。十七大(da)提出(chu)以現(xian)(xian)代產(chan)(chan)權制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度為(wei)基礎(chu)，發展(zhan)(zhan)混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。十八(ba)屆(jie)三(san)中(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)(hui)進一(yi)(yi)步把混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)提高到基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度重(zhong)要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)新高度。經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)過多年的(de)(de)(de)探索和創新，我(wo)國(guo)不但(dan)找(zhao)到了(le)(le)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)條件下公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也(ye)(ye)深化了(le)(le)對公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)各自性(xing)質以及二者結(jie)(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)。混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)離了(le)(le)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)權和經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營權，企業法(fa)人產(chan)(chan)權相(xiang)對獨(du)(du)立(li)，不受資(zi)(zi)本(ben)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)質影響，在企業按照市場(chang)規(gui)則運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)保(bao)持各方資(zi)(zi)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)(du)立(li)性(xing)，因而(er)(er)在混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企業中(zhong)，公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)與(yu)私(si)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)不再相(xiang)互對立(li)，而(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成(cheng)、取(qu)長補(bu)短、相(xiang)互促進、共同(tong)發展(zhan)(zhan)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)化解(jie)了(le)(le)對市場(chang)競(jing)爭可(ke)能(neng)損害公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)擔憂(you)，從機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上保(bao)證了(le)(le)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)過程中(zhong)公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體地(di)位(wei)。從公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上升為(wei)基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，表明混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不但(dan)是(shi)公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)非公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種帶有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)特(te)色且(qie)(qie)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)顯著優勢的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)組織形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)新時(shi)代社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)方向。
發展混合所有制經濟要糾正錯誤認識
當前社會(hui)上有(you)(you)一些關于混(hun)合所有(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟的錯(cuo)誤(wu)言論(lun)。這些言論(lun)誤(wu)導輿論(lun)，對混(hun)合所有(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟發展造成很大困擾，必(bi)須加以澄清和糾正。
這些錯誤言論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)質是(shi)(shi)否(fou)定社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)，把公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)和民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)對立(li)起來，認(ren)為(wei)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)私(si)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)才(cai)是(shi)(shi)天生一(yi)對，公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)無法(fa)兼容。當前(qian)(qian)一(yi)些前(qian)(qian)期通過高(gao)(gao)(gao)負(fu)債(zhai)擴張較(jiao)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)在(zai)流(liu)動性上遇(yu)到(dao)困(kun)難，國(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)幫助民(min)(min)(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)渡過難關，不僅(jin)不存在(zai)“誰(shui)(shui)進(jin)誰(shui)(shui)退(tui)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，相反(fan)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)和民(min)(min)(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)這種密(mi)切合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)正反(fan)映出(chu)混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互補(bu)優勢。民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)狀況好了(le)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)也可(ke)以(yi)退(tui)出(chu)。反(fan)過來，如果國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)遇(yu)到(dao)困(kun)難，也可(ke)以(yi)通過民(min)(min)(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參與(yu)激發(fa)活力、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效率。今天推行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)改革，既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)入(ru)股(gu)(gu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)，也有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)入(ru)股(gu)(gu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)和民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)合資(zi)(zi)設立(li)新企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)。無論(lun)哪種形(xing)式，均(jun)遵(zun)(zun)循市(shi)(shi)(shi)場原(yuan)則(ze)，各方平等(deng)自愿，股(gu)(gu)權可(ke)以(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化交易和退(tui)出(chu)，股(gu)(gu)東按照占股(gu)(gu)比(bi)例(li)依(yi)法(fa)管理(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，不存在(zai)誰(shui)(shui)領導誰(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)利(li)潤也按照股(gu)(gu)份(fen)進(jin)行(xing)分配(pei)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)追求(qiu)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益，實現更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。隨著混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)，軍工、電(dian)信、民(min)(min)(min)(min)航、能源等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)壟(long)斷領域加(jia)大開放力度(du)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)走(zou)向更(geng)加(jia)廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞臺(tai)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)會隨之發(fa)展(zhan)壯大。因此，發(fa)展(zhan)混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)不是(shi)(shi)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)民(min)(min)(min)(min)退(tui)”，而(er)是(shi)(shi)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)共進(jin)”；不是(shi)(shi)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)私(si)合營(ying)(ying)”，誰(shui)(shui)控制(zhi)誰(shui)(shui)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)“合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)共贏”。 糾正錯誤認(ren)識要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)政(zheng)治(zhi)站位(wei)，正確(que)認(ren)識社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性質。以(yi)習近(jin)平同志為(wei)核心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)重視(shi)非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，反(fan)復強(qiang)調“兩(liang)個毫不動搖”“三(san)個沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變”，但同時也對非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)和非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)人士成(cheng)長(chang)提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。習近(jin)平總(zong)書(shu)記在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)肯定非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，指出(chu)“非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)健康發(fa)展(zhan)，前(qian)(qian)提(ti)是(shi)(shi)非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)人士要(yao)(yao)健康成(cheng)長(chang)”。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)走(zou)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)道(dao)路，發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)法(fa)治(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)，社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)必須堅持公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體地(di)位(wei)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)最本(ben)(ben)(ben)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導。民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)必須守法(fa)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)，這是(shi)(shi)任何企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)都必須遵(zun)(zun)守的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場規則(ze)，也是(shi)(shi)長(chang)遠發(fa)展(zhan)之道(dao)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)要(yao)(yao)服從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導，踐行(xing)社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)核心(xin)價值觀，遵(zun)(zun)紀(ji)守法(fa)。
深化國企改革，推動混合所有制經濟向縱深發展
當前發(fa)展混合所有制(zhi)經濟的關(guan)鍵是國企混合所有制(zhi)改(gai)革。混改(gai)重點在“改(gai)”不(bu)在“混”。相比于(yu)“混資本”，“改(gai)機(ji)制(zhi)”難度要(yao)大得(de)多。習近平總書記指出，“發(fa)展混合所有制(zhi)經濟，基本政策已明確，關(guan)鍵是細則(ze)，成敗也在細則(ze)”。要(yao)通過(guo)制(zhi)定、完(wan)善和落實好細則(ze)，明確預期(qi)，催生動力，破解混改(gai)中(zhong)遇到的難題。
一是(shi)要明確混合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)制企(qi)業公(gong)(gong)(gong)司治理(li)原則(ze)(ze)，破除非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)制企(qi)業參與(yu)混改的(de)擔憂。堅持以資本為紐帶(dai)、以產權(quan)為基礎的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司治理(li)原則(ze)(ze)。國有(you)股(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)要按照市場化規則(ze)(ze)，以股(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)角色(se)和身份(fen)參與(yu)企(qi)業決(jue)策和經營(ying)管理(li)，通過(guo)股(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（大）會表決(jue)、推(tui)薦(jian)董(dong)事和監事等(deng)方式行(xing)(xing)使(shi)股(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)利，避免“行(xing)(xing)政化”“機(ji)關化”管控(kong)。企(qi)業黨組織行(xing)(xing)使(shi)權(quan)力(li)也(ye)要遵循這一原則(ze)(ze)。要完善(shan)制度細則(ze)(ze)，有(you)效規范大股(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行(xing)(xing)為，切實平等(deng)保護(hu)混合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)制企(qi)業各類出資人的(de)合(he)(he)法產權(quan)權(quan)益。
二是明(ming)確(que)(que)混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)監管(guan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。對(dui)于(yu)混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業，要(yao)建立有(you)(you)別于(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)獨資(zi)(zi)、全資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司的(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)機制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)監管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度。要(yao)建立監管(guan)權力清(qing)單和(he)(he)責任清(qing)單，明(ming)確(que)(que)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產出資(zi)(zi)人監管(guan)事項(xiang)，確(que)(que)保國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)股(gu)東不承擔(dan)公(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理(li)職能。要(yao)明(ming)確(que)(que)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)股(gu)東監管(guan)邊界，不得干預(yu)企(qi)(qi)業日常(chang)經(jing)營活動(dong)。要(yao)明(ming)確(que)(que)黨委（黨組）與董事會(hui)、經(jing)理(li)層等(deng)其他公(gong)司治(zhi)理(li)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)關(guan)系，建立國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業黨委（黨組）對(dui)重大(da)(da)問題進行前置研究討論的(de)(de)事項(xiang)清(qing)單，確(que)(que)保黨委（黨組）發揮把方向(xiang)、管(guan)大(da)(da)局、保落實的(de)(de)領(ling)導作用，不干涉(she)企(qi)(qi)業具體生(sheng)產經(jing)營活動(dong)。對(dui)于(yu)混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業黨組織(zhi)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)置，要(yao)隨國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)股(gu)權比重變化(hua)而調整，根據(ju)不同類型混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業特點(dian)，明(ming)確(que)(que)黨組織(zhi)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)置方式(shi)、職責定位和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)控(kong)股(gu)企(qi)(qi)業黨組織(zhi)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)置，要(yao)區(qu)分國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)獨資(zi)(zi)、全資(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業，國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本絕對(dui)控(kong)股(gu)企(qi)(qi)業與國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本相對(dui)控(kong)股(gu)企(qi)(qi)業。國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本不再(zai)控(kong)股(gu)的(de)(de)混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業，黨組織(zhi)要(yao)比照(zhao)非公(gong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業設(she)(she)(she)置。黨組織(zhi)作為黨在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業中的(de)(de)戰斗堡壘，發揮政(zheng)治(zhi)核心(xin)作用，尊重和(he)(he)支持董事會(hui)、經(jing)理(li)層依法行使職權。
三是明確(que)混合所有(you)制改(gai)革流程(cheng)(cheng)和細則。要(yao)(yao)明確(que)混改(gai)流程(cheng)(cheng)和操作細則，明確(que)操作各方(fang)權(quan)力和責任，明確(que)國有(you)資產流失標準，使操作各方(fang)能有(you)規可(ke)依，有(you)章可(ke)循，有(you)效(xiao)規避風險。要(yao)(yao)堅持因(yin)(yin)地(di)施(shi)策(ce)、因(yin)(yin)業(ye)施(shi)策(ce)、因(yin)(yin)企(qi)施(shi)策(ce)，宜(yi)獨則獨、宜(yi)控則控、宜(yi)參則參的原(yuan)則，不搞拉郎配，不搞全覆蓋，不設時間(jian)表(biao)，一(yi)(yi)企(qi)一(yi)(yi)策(ce)，成熟一(yi)(yi)個推進一(yi)(yi)個。要(yao)(yao)建立健全容錯糾(jiu)錯機制，鼓(gu)勵(li)探索、勇于(yu)實踐(jian)，寬容在改(gai)革創(chuang)新中的失誤(wu)。
四(si)是采(cai)取(qu)有效措施充分(fen)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)混(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)活力。要(yao)充分(fen)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)經營(ying)者和員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)兩個層面(mian)的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性。對(dui)(dui)于主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu)于充分(fen)競爭行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和領(ling)域的(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)國(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，鼓勵發(fa)(fa)展非公有資本(ben)(ben)控(kong)股(gu)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，探索將(jiang)(jiang)部分(fen)國(guo)有股(gu)權轉化為(wei)優先(xian)股(gu)，充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)家的(de)(de)作用，讓民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)家能夠“當得(de)了(le)家、說得(de)上話、做(zuo)得(de)成事、盈得(de)著利”。通過企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)持股(gu)、跟(gen)投，將(jiang)(jiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利益(yi)與(yu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)利益(yi)緊(jin)密結合(he)，形成利益(yi)共(gong)(gong)享、風險共(gong)(gong)擔、同謀發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)利益(yi)共(gong)(gong)同體。對(dui)(dui)于國(guo)有控(kong)股(gu)混(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，積(ji)極(ji)推動三(san)項制(zhi)度改革。建立市(shi)場化選(xuan)人(ren)(ren)用人(ren)(ren)機制(zhi)，實(shi)現管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)“能者上、庸者下、平者讓”。建立健全以(yi)合(he)同管(guan)理為(wei)核(he)心、以(yi)崗位管(guan)理為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)市(shi)場化用工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)度，實(shi)現員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能進能出。落實(shi)中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資總額管(guan)理制(zhi)度改革要(yao)求(qiu)，建立健全與(yu)勞動力市(shi)場基本(ben)(ben)適應、與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟效益(yi)和勞動生產率掛鉤(gou)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資決定和正常(chang)增長機制(zhi)，實(shi)現收入能增能減(jian)。對(dui)(dui)國(guo)有資本(ben)(ben)不再絕對(dui)(dui)控(kong)股(gu)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，要(yao)采(cai)取(qu)更加(jia)靈活高效的(de)(de)監管(guan)方式。 （鐘 勇(yong)）
【責任編輯：語謙】