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黨的十(shi)九(jiu)屆四中全會(hui)提出，堅持和完善(shan)社會(hui)主義基本經濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，推動經濟(ji)高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)。混合(he)所(suo)有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)，是(shi)以公有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為主體、多種所(suo)有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)共同發展(zhan)這一基本經濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的重(zhong)要實現形式(shi)。發展(zhan)混合(he)所(suo)有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)，既是(shi)完善(shan)基本經濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的內在要求，也是(shi)夯實基本經濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度微觀(guan)基礎，使基本經濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度運(yun)行(xing)更加成熟(shu)有效(xiao)的保證。

混合所有制經濟是基本經濟制度的重要實現形式

習近平總(zong)書(shu)記在黨的(de)十八屆三中全會指(zhi)出，“要積極(ji)發(fa)展混合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)，強調國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)、集體(ti)資(zi)本(ben)、非公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)等交叉持股、相互融合(he)的(de)混合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)，是(shi)基本(ben)經(jing)濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)重要實現(xian)形(xing)(xing)式，有(you)(you)利于國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)放大功能、保值增值、提(ti)高競爭力(li)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)新形(xing)(xing)勢下堅持公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)體(ti)地(di)位，增強國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)活力(li)、控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)、影響力(li)的(de)一個有(you)(you)效途徑和必然選擇”。這(zhe)(zhe)一重要論斷首次將混合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)提(ti)升到基本(ben)經(jing)濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)重要實現(xian)形(xing)(xing)式的(de)高度(du)，充(chong)分肯定(ding)了(le)發(fa)展混合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)目的(de)、意義、地(di)位和作(zuo)用(yong)，為(wei)完善我國(guo)(guo)所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結構指(zhi)明了(le)方(fang)向。

把混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)確定為(wei)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)實現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，既是(shi)對(dui)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度運行經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)總結，也(ye)(ye)體現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)我(wo)黨對(dui)公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)認(ren)識的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)高(gao)(gao)度。十五大報告提(ti)(ti)出(chu)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)概念，并指出(chu)要(yao)全面認(ren)識公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)含義(yi)，混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)國有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)分和(he)集體成(cheng)(cheng)分也(ye)(ye)屬于公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。十六屆三中(zhong)全會提(ti)(ti)出(chu)大力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，使(shi)股份制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)實現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。十七大提(ti)(ti)出(chu)以(yi)現(xian)代產權(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度為(wei)基(ji)礎，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。十八屆三中(zhong)全會進一(yi)步(bu)把混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)到基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度重要(yao)實現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)高(gao)(gao)度。經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)探(tan)索和(he)創新(xin)，我(wo)國不(bu)但找(zhao)到了(le)(le)(le)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)條件下公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也(ye)(ye)深化(hua)了(le)(le)(le)對(dui)公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)各自性質(zhi)以(yi)及二者結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識。混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分離了(le)(le)(le)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)權(quan)和(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營權(quan)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)法人產權(quan)相對(dui)獨(du)立(li)(li)，不(bu)受資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性質(zhi)影響，在企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)按照市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)規則運行的(de)(de)(de)同時保持(chi)各方資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立(li)(li)性，因而在混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)與(yu)私有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)不(bu)再相互對(dui)立(li)(li)，而且相輔(fu)相成(cheng)(cheng)、取長補短、相互促進、共同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效化(hua)解了(le)(le)(le)對(dui)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競爭可能損害公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)擔(dan)憂，從機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上保證了(le)(le)(le)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體地位。從公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)要(yao)實現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上升(sheng)為(wei)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)實現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，表明混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)但是(shi)公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同時也(ye)(ye)是(shi)社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)非公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)一(yi)種帶有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)特色且具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)顯著優勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)生(sheng)產組織形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)新(xin)時代社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向。

發展混合所有制經濟要糾正錯誤認識

當前社會上有(you)(you)一些關于混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟的(de)錯誤言論。這些言論誤導輿論，對混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟發展造(zao)成很(hen)大困(kun)擾，必(bi)須加以(yi)澄清和糾正。

這些錯誤(wu)言(yan)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)質是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否定社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，把公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)立起來，認為(wei)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)私有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)才是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天生一對(dui)，公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無法(fa)(fa)兼容(rong)。當前一些前期通(tong)過高(gao)(gao)負(fu)債擴張較快的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)(qi)在流動性上(shang)遇(yu)(yu)到困難，國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)幫(bang)助民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)(qi)渡過難關，不(bu)僅不(bu)存在“誰(shui)(shui)進(jin)誰(shui)(shui)退(tui)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，相反(fan)(fan)，國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)這種密切合(he)作正(zheng)反(fan)(fan)映出(chu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互補優勢。民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)狀況好了，國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資本(ben)(ben)(ben)也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)退(tui)出(chu)。反(fan)(fan)過來，如(ru)果國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)遇(yu)(yu)到困難，也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)活力、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)效率(lv)。今天推行的(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革，既有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)資本(ben)(ben)(ben)入(ru)(ru)股國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資本(ben)(ben)(ben)入(ru)(ru)股民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資本(ben)(ben)(ben)和(he)民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)資本(ben)(ben)(ben)合(he)資設立新企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。無論哪種形式(shi)，均遵循(xun)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)原(yuan)則，各方平等自愿(yuan)，股權(quan)可以(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化交易和(he)退(tui)出(chu)，股東按照占股比例依法(fa)(fa)管理企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)存在誰(shui)(shui)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)誰(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)也(ye)按照股份進(jin)行分配。民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)資本(ben)(ben)(ben)與(yu)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資本(ben)(ben)(ben)合(he)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了追求更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益，實現更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。隨(sui)著(zhu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)，軍工、電信、民(min)(min)航(hang)、能(neng)源等國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)壟斷領(ling)(ling)域加(jia)大(da)開放力度，民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)走向更(geng)加(jia)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞臺，國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)會(hui)(hui)隨(sui)之發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)。因此，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“國(guo)進(jin)民(min)(min)退(tui)”，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“國(guo)民(min)(min)共進(jin)”；不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“公(gong)私合(he)營(ying)(ying)(ying)”，誰(shui)(shui)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誰(shui)(shui)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“合(he)作共贏(ying)”。    糾正(zheng)錯誤(wu)認識要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)政治(zhi)站位(wei)，正(zheng)確認識社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)非(fei)(fei)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性質。以(yi)(yi)習近(jin)平同(tong)(tong)志為(wei)核(he)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)黨中(zhong)央(yang)高(gao)(gao)度重視(shi)非(fei)(fei)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，反(fan)(fan)復強(qiang)調“兩(liang)個(ge)毫不(bu)動搖(yao)”“三個(ge)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變”，但同(tong)(tong)時(shi)也(ye)對(dui)非(fei)(fei)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)非(fei)(fei)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)士成(cheng)長提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)(yao)求。習近(jin)平總書記在高(gao)(gao)度肯(ken)定非(fei)(fei)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，指(zhi)出(chu)“非(fei)(fei)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)健康(kang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，前提(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)士要(yao)(yao)健康(kang)成(cheng)長”。我國(guo)走中(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)道路，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)必須堅持(chi)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)體地位(wei)，中(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)最本(ben)(ben)(ben)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)。民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)必須守法(fa)(fa)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)任何企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)都必須遵守的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)規則，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長遠發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之道。民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)家要(yao)(yao)服(fu)從中(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)，踐行社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)核(he)心價值觀，遵紀守法(fa)(fa)。

深化國企改革，推動混合所有制經濟向縱深發展

當前發(fa)展混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)制經濟(ji)的關(guan)鍵是國企(qi)混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)制改革。混(hun)改重點在“改”不在“混(hun)”。相比于“混(hun)資(zi)本”，“改機制”難(nan)度要大(da)得多。習近平總書(shu)記指出，“發(fa)展混(hun)合(he)(he)所(suo)有(you)制經濟(ji)，基(ji)本政策已(yi)明(ming)確，關(guan)鍵是細則，成(cheng)敗也在細則”。要通過(guo)制定、完善(shan)和(he)落實好(hao)細則，明(ming)確預期，催生(sheng)動(dong)力，破解混(hun)改中遇到的難(nan)題。

一是(shi)要明確混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)有(you)制(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)公司(si)治(zhi)理原則(ze)，破除非公有(you)制(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)參與(yu)混(hun)(hun)改(gai)的擔憂。堅持以資(zi)本為紐帶、以產(chan)權為基(ji)礎的公司(si)治(zhi)理原則(ze)。國有(you)股東(dong)要按照市場化規則(ze)，以股東(dong)角色和身(shen)份參與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)決(jue)策(ce)和經營(ying)管(guan)理，通過(guo)股東(dong)（大）會(hui)表決(jue)、推(tui)薦董事和監(jian)事等方式(shi)行(xing)(xing)使股東(dong)權利，避免“行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)化”“機關化”管(guan)控。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)黨組(zu)織行(xing)(xing)使權力(li)也(ye)要遵循這一原則(ze)。要完善制(zhi)度細則(ze)，有(you)效規范大股東(dong)行(xing)(xing)為，切(qie)實平等保護(hu)混(hun)(hun)合所(suo)有(you)制(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)各類出資(zi)人的合法產(chan)權權益。

二是明(ming)確(que)(que)混合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)模式(shi)。對于混合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，要(yao)建(jian)立有(you)(you)(you)別于國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)獨資(zi)(zi)、全資(zi)(zi)公司的(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。要(yao)建(jian)立監(jian)管(guan)(guan)權力清(qing)單(dan)和(he)責(ze)任(ren)清(qing)單(dan)，明(ming)確(que)(que)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產出資(zi)(zi)人監(jian)管(guan)(guan)事項，確(que)(que)保國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)不(bu)(bu)承擔公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)職(zhi)能。要(yao)明(ming)確(que)(que)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)邊界，不(bu)(bu)得(de)干預企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)日常經(jing)營活動。要(yao)明(ming)確(que)(que)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)委（黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)）與董(dong)事會(hui)、經(jing)理(li)(li)層(ceng)等其他公司治(zhi)理(li)(li)主體的(de)(de)關系(xi)，建(jian)立國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)委（黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)）對重(zhong)大問題進行前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)研究討(tao)論的(de)(de)事項清(qing)單(dan)，確(que)(que)保黨(dang)(dang)(dang)委（黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)）發(fa)揮把方向(xiang)、管(guan)(guan)大局、保落實(shi)的(de)(de)領導作(zuo)用，不(bu)(bu)干涉企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)具體生產經(jing)營活動。對于混合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)隨國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)股(gu)(gu)權比重(zhong)變化而調整(zheng)，根據不(bu)(bu)同類型混合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)特點，明(ming)確(que)(que)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)、職(zhi)責(ze)定位(wei)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式(shi)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)控(kong)股(gu)(gu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)區分國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)獨資(zi)(zi)、全資(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)絕對控(kong)股(gu)(gu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)相對控(kong)股(gu)(gu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)再(zai)控(kong)股(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)混合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)要(yao)比照非公有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)作(zuo)為黨(dang)(dang)(dang)在企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)戰斗堡(bao)壘，發(fa)揮政(zheng)治(zhi)核(he)心作(zuo)用，尊重(zhong)和(he)支持董(dong)事會(hui)、經(jing)理(li)(li)層(ceng)依法行使職(zhi)權。

三是明(ming)確(que)混合所有(you)(you)制改革流(liu)程和(he)細則。要(yao)明(ming)確(que)混改流(liu)程和(he)操作(zuo)細則，明(ming)確(que)操作(zuo)各(ge)方權力(li)和(he)責任，明(ming)確(que)國(guo)有(you)(you)資產流(liu)失(shi)標準，使操作(zuo)各(ge)方能有(you)(you)規可(ke)(ke)依(yi)，有(you)(you)章可(ke)(ke)循，有(you)(you)效規避(bi)風險(xian)。要(yao)堅持因(yin)(yin)地施策、因(yin)(yin)業(ye)施策、因(yin)(yin)企施策，宜獨(du)則獨(du)、宜控則控、宜參(can)則參(can)的(de)原(yuan)則，不(bu)搞(gao)拉郎配，不(bu)搞(gao)全覆蓋(gai)，不(bu)設時間表，一(yi)企一(yi)策，成熟一(yi)個推進一(yi)個。要(yao)建立(li)健(jian)全容錯糾錯機(ji)制，鼓(gu)勵探(tan)索、勇于實踐，寬容在改革創新中的(de)失(shi)誤。

四是采取(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)效(xiao)措施(shi)充分(fen)(fen)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)活力(li)。要(yao)充分(fen)(fen)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)經營(ying)者和員工(gong)(gong)兩個(ge)層面的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)。對(dui)于主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于充分(fen)(fen)競爭(zheng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和領域的(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，鼓(gu)勵(li)發(fa)(fa)展非公有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)控股的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，探索將(jiang)部分(fen)(fen)國(guo)有(you)(you)股權(quan)轉化(hua)為(wei)優先股，充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)家的(de)(de)(de)作用，讓民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)家能(neng)夠“當得(de)(de)了家、說(shuo)得(de)(de)上話(hua)、做(zuo)得(de)(de)成(cheng)事(shi)、盈得(de)(de)著利(li)”。通過(guo)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)員工(gong)(gong)持股、跟(gen)投(tou)，將(jiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)益(yi)與(yu)員工(gong)(gong)利(li)益(yi)緊密結(jie)合，形(xing)成(cheng)利(li)益(yi)共(gong)享、風險共(gong)擔、同謀發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)共(gong)同體(ti)。對(dui)于國(guo)有(you)(you)控股混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，積(ji)極(ji)推動三項制(zhi)度改(gai)革。建立(li)市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)選人用人機(ji)制(zhi)，實(shi)現管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員“能(neng)者上、庸者下、平者讓”。建立(li)健全(quan)(quan)以(yi)(yi)合同管(guan)(guan)理(li)為(wei)核心、以(yi)(yi)崗(gang)位管(guan)(guan)理(li)為(wei)基(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)用工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)度，實(shi)現員工(gong)(gong)能(neng)進能(neng)出。落實(shi)中央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度改(gai)革要(yao)求，建立(li)健全(quan)(quan)與(yu)勞(lao)動力(li)市(shi)(shi)場基(ji)本(ben)適應、與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)和勞(lao)動生產率掛鉤(gou)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)決定和正常(chang)增長(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)，實(shi)現收入(ru)能(neng)增能(neng)減。對(dui)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)不再絕對(dui)控股的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，要(yao)采取(qu)(qu)更加靈活高效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)監管(guan)(guan)方(fang)式。 （鐘 勇）

【責任編輯：語謙】