文章來源:人民(min)日(ri)報 發布時間:2021-06-15
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網作(zuo)為國民經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)基礎性(xing)設施,擔負(fu)著保障全社會(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應、推動經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重任。中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國務院2015年印發(fa)的(de)《關于(yu)進一步深(shen)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力體制改革的(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見》明確(que)了管(guan)(guan)住中(zhong)間、放開兩頭(tou)的(de)體制構架。管(guan)(guan)住中(zhong)間是指(zhi)對具有(you)自然(ran)壟斷屬性(xing)的(de)輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網環節加強政(zheng)府(fu)監管(guan)(guan)、實(shi)行政(zheng)府(fu)定價(jia),確(que)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公平開放、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)公平交(jiao)易,并更(geng)好地實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網科(ke)學規(gui)劃,充分發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網規(gui)模效益,提高管(guan)(guan)理(li)效率。放開兩頭(tou)是指(zhi)在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側和售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側實(shi)行市(shi)(shi)場(chang)開放準入,引入競爭(zheng),放開用(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)擇權,價(jia)格由市(shi)(shi)場(chang)形成,充分發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)在(zai)資(zi)源(yuan)配(pei)置中(zhong)的(de)決定性(xing)作(zuo)用(yong),更(geng)好發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)政(zheng)府(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)。
管(guan)住(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)間、放開兩(liang)頭(tou)的(de)(de)體(ti)制(zhi)構架符合國際(ji)電力市(shi)場(chang)化改(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)基(ji)本趨勢,符合我國基(ji)本國情和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)階段要(yao)求,也是在電力行(xing)業協同發(fa)揮政府和(he)市(shi)場(chang)作用的(de)(de)最佳方式。對具(ju)有自然壟斷(duan)屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)電網環節加強監管(guan),與(yu)(yu)發(fa)、售兩(liang)側的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)化改(gai)革(ge)(ge)相輔相成,可以進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)釋放電力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)紅利,增強行(xing)業變革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)持久(jiu)動(dong)力,促進(jin)(jin)電力行(xing)業高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。同時要(yao)看到,我國電力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)仍存在一(yi)(yi)些短板(ban),其中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)個短板(ban)是對電網投資(zi)(zi)監管(guan)相對薄弱。進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)深化電力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge),需要(yao)在穩步(bu)(bu)推進(jin)(jin)發(fa)、售兩(liang)側市(shi)場(chang)化改(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)同時,健全和(he)完善對具(ju)有自然壟斷(duan)屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間環節的(de)(de)監管(guan),尤其是提升政府對電網投資(zi)(zi)行(xing)為監管(guan)的(de)(de)能力與(yu)(yu)水平,保障(zhang)我國電網投資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)科(ke)學性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)高(gao)效性(xing)(xing),促進(jin)(jin)行(xing)業健康發(fa)展(zhan),更好服務新時代我國經濟高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。
加強電(dian)網(wang)(wang)投(tou)資(zi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管,要求構建方法科學、機制成熟(shu)、行之(zhi)有效(xiao)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)管體系,充(chong)分發揮政府(fu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管的重要作(zuo)用,更好控制電(dian)網(wang)(wang)投(tou)資(zi)成本(ben),提(ti)高電(dian)網(wang)(wang)投(tou)資(zi)效(xiao)率,保障電(dian)力(li)安(an)全可(ke)靠(kao)運行。在(zai)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)投(tou)資(zi)方面(mian)全方位(wei)提(ti)升(sheng)政府(fu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管能力(li),讓監(jian)(jian)(jian)管落到實處(chu)、取得實效(xiao),需要在(zai)以下三個方面(mian)努力(li):
依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是規范監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)行為、提高(gao)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)水平,保證執法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)力(li)、裁決有(you)方的基礎(chu)。一方面做(zuo)到監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)“有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)可依(yi)”,加快修訂與(yu)完善以(yi)電力(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)為主的法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規體(ti)系,明確監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機構的法(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)權力(li)與(yu)職(zhi)責,規定(ding)政府部(bu)門(men)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)電網投資(zi)行為的總體(ti)目標和基本內容,實現“監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)據”;另一方面做(zuo)到監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)“有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)必(bi)依(yi)”,認真履行法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)明確規定(ding)的監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)責,做(zuo)到“不缺位”。
科(ke)學監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)。將科(ke)學理論與行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)緊密結合,科(ke)學確定監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)內容與監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)方法(fa)(fa)。在(zai)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)內容上,統籌電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)各個環節,兼顧電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)雙(shuang)重屬性,保障電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資從規(gui)(gui)劃設計(ji)到投(tou)產運營全鏈(lian)條規(gui)(gui)范有序,實現經(jing)濟性監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)與社會性監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)雙(shuang)管(guan)(guan)齊下。在(zai)保障電(dian)網(wang)做好行(xing)(xing)業(ye)與社會服務的(de)同時,允(yun)許企業(ye)獲取(qu)經(jing)營發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)合理收益。在(zai)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)方法(fa)(fa)上,牢牢抓住(zhu)電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資行(xing)(xing)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)的(de)關(guan)鍵點,建立一套能夠(gou)客觀、準確、有效評估電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資行(xing)(xing)為(wei)合規(gui)(gui)性的(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)指標(biao)體系與判斷標(biao)準,為(wei)開展(zhan)(zhan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)選好參(can)照(zhao)物、找(zhao)準關(guan)鍵點。
高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)。創新監管(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)式、提高(gao)(gao)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率與(yu)效(xiao)(xiao)果,是落實(shi)政(zheng)府有關部(bu)門(men)電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)能的(de)一(yi)項重要任務(wu)(wu)。一(yi)是培養(yang)具有專(zhuan)業素養(yang)的(de)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)隊伍,提升(sheng)自(zi)身監管(guan)(guan)(guan)能力,滿(man)足電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)任務(wu)(wu)量大(da)(da)、專(zhuan)業性強的(de)實(shi)際需求。二是加強與(yu)行(xing)業內第三方(fang)機構(gou)合作(zuo),發揮其專(zhuan)業優勢,客觀、全面評價企業電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei),幫助政(zheng)府部(bu)門(men)找到電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)的(de)“癥結(jie)”,讓監管(guan)(guan)(guan)“對癥下藥”。三是用好(hao)大(da)(da)數據(ju)、互聯網(wang)技(ji)術(shu),搭(da)建政(zheng)企間的(de)信息化(hua)平(ping)臺,為(wei)(wei)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)提供有效(xiao)(xiao)數據(ju)支撐,依托智(zhi)慧監管(guan)(guan)(guan)實(shi)現(xian)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)。(李彥斌)
【責任編輯:語謙】