文章來源：學習時報(bao) 發布時間：2021-09-25
如(ru)果把5G網絡、人工(gong)智(zhi)能、工(gong)業互(hu)(hu)聯網、物聯網、數(shu)據中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代信(xin)息基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)界定為新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)，那(nei)么(me)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)“新(xin)(xin)基建”）并(bing)非(fei)一(yi)個全(quan)新(xin)(xin)的(de)事物。2018年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)(jing)濟工(gong)作(zuo)會議(yi)提(ti)出：要(yao)促進形成強(qiang)大(da)國(guo)內市(shi)場，我國(guo)發(fa)展現階段投(tou)資(zi)需求潛力(li)仍然巨大(da)，要(yao)發(fa)揮投(tou)資(zi)關(guan)鍵作(zuo)用，加(jia)快5G商用步伐，加(jia)強(qiang)人工(gong)智(zhi)能、工(gong)業互(hu)(hu)聯網、物聯網等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)。隨(sui)后，在2019年(nian)的(de)政(zheng)府(fu)工(gong)作(zuo)報告中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)出加(jia)強(qiang)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代信(xin)息基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)。2019年(nian)7月30日中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政(zheng)治局會議(yi)針對下半(ban)年(nian)經(jing)(jing)濟工(gong)作(zuo)再次強(qiang)調，要(yao)加(jia)快推進信(xin)息網絡等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)。甚至，可(ke)以(yi)把“新(xin)(xin)基建”上溯到2008年(nian)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融危機，當(dang)時全(quan)球為了應對國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融危機努力(li)尋(xun)求新(xin)(xin)的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟增長點，這極大(da)促進了新(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科技和產(chan)業革命(ming)加(jia)速拓(tuo)展，自(zi)此以(yi)后上述(shu)所謂新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)一(yi)直是(shi)全(quan)球投(tou)資(zi)和資(zi)本市(shi)場追(zhui)逐的(de)方向。
在新(xin)冠肺炎疫情沖擊下，近期中央多次會(hui)議反(fan)復提及(ji)加(jia)快“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”，市場也(ye)在高度關注“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”這(zhe)個熱點，有人(ren)將(jiang)其作為新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)“刺激(ji)計劃”。的(de)(de)(de)確，加(jia)快“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”有擴大內需、保證(zheng)2020年(nian)經濟增長目標實(shi)現這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，但是(shi)(shi)，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”并不新(xin)，實(shi)際上更是(shi)(shi)上述政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續。科學的(de)(de)(de)態度是(shi)(shi)要(yao)把“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”內嵌于我(wo)國(guo)高質(zhi)量發展的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，使其客(ke)觀上發揮了擴大內需、促(cu)進增長的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。具體而言，新(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施應(ying)該理解為新(xin)型工業化(hua)、新(xin)型城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)、現代(dai)化(hua)經濟體系的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”要(yao)能(neng)夠服(fu)務于高質(zhi)量工業化(hua)、高質(zhi)量城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰略，要(yao)能(neng)夠堅持(chi)供給側結構性改革，這(zhe)才能(neng)真正服(fu)務于我(wo)國(guo)經濟高質(zhi)量發展，避免(mian)回到“大水漫灌”的(de)(de)(de)老路。
新型基礎設施應是新型工業化的基礎設施，支撐高質量工業化戰略
當前資本(ben)市場上(shang)(shang)流行觀點(dian)認為新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要包(bao)括(kuo)七大領域：5G基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)、特高壓（電力物聯(lian)網(wang)）、高鐵（軌道(dao)交通）、充電樁（新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)）、數據中(zhong)心(xin)（云計算(suan)）、人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)，在此(ci)之(zhi)前，一(yi)(yi)些(xie)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)機(ji)構(gou)將新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定義為融合感知、傳輸、存儲、計算(suan)、處理為一(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)代智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。實際(ji)上(shang)(shang)，這些(xie)界定雖然比較具體(ti)，但內涵(han)還(huan)過(guo)于狹(xia)窄，無法真(zhen)正詮(quan)釋新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)”的(de)全(quan)部內涵(han)。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)”應(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)和(he)“傳統(tong)”相對應(ying)(ying)(ying)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該對應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)是(shi)(shi)傳統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而傳統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)般就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)我們(men)所理解(jie)的(de)鐵路、公路、機(ji)場、港口城市設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等傳統(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)輪工(gong)(gong)業(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)機(ji)械技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、電氣(qi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、通信(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等應(ying)(ying)(ying)用的(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)則是(shi)(shi)在傳統(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)(shang)疊加了信(xin)(xin)(xin)息化(hua)、數字化(hua)、網(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)、綠(lv)色化(hua)等要求，是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)和(he)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等產(chan)生(sheng)和(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用的(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)包(bao)括(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)代智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也包(bao)括(kuo)傳統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息化(hua)、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)、綠(lv)色化(hua)改造后的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因(yin)此(ci)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不僅包(bao)括(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)代智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)包(bao)括(kuo)與綠(lv)色化(hua)相關(guan)的(de)各(ge)類(lei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；不僅包(bao)括(kuo)上(shang)(shang)述七大領域，還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)包(bao)括(kuo)支撐不斷(duan)深化(hua)拓(tuo)展的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)各(ge)種基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
由(you)于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)后發(fa)(fa)(fa)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)，而(er)(er)是(shi)融合了信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)。在新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)上我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)快速(su)(su)(su)推進(jin)(jin)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，基(ji)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理論測評，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)步入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后期(qi)。但(dan)是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)還存在不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問題，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)還亟待提(ti)升。一(yi)是(shi)各區域(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡，一(yi)些區域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水平不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)。上海、北(bei)京(jing)、廣東(dong)、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇等(deng)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)步入(ru)到(dao)后工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)段(duan)，但(dan)仍有(you)相當數量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)西部省份基(ji)本(ben)還處(chu)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)。二(er)是(shi)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡，創(chuang)新(xin)能力和高(gao)端產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)，鋼鐵、石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)(jian)材等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低水平產能過(guo)剩問題突(tu)出(chu)并(bing)長(chang)期(qi)存在，而(er)(er)高(gao)端產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠和產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)價值鏈高(gao)端環(huan)節占有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，自主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能力還有(you)待提(ti)升。三是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速(su)(su)(su)度與資源環(huan)境(jing)承載力不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡，綠(lv)(lv)色(se)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)，14億人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)(su)(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，給資源環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承載提(ti)出(chu)了極(ji)大(da)挑戰(zhan)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十九(jiu)大(da)報(bao)告(gao)提(ti)出(chu)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)已(yi)(yi)由(you)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)增長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)轉向高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)，而(er)(er)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)理念指導下針(zhen)對發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，與此相適(shi)應，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)也需要(yao)從高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略轉向高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針(zhen)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問題，積極(ji)推進(jin)(jin)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略。因(yin)此，“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”需要(yao)支撐高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針(zhen)對上述區域(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)方面不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)新(xin)型(xing)基(ji)礎設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目選擇、融資投資、布(bu)局選址等(deng)一(yi)系列(lie)建(jian)(jian)設(she)決策。這意味著“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)今年(nian)短(duan)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增長(chang)問題，而(er)(er)是(shi)“十四(si)五(wu)”規劃乃(nai)至我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)面建(jian)(jian)設(she)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)問題。
新型基礎設施應是新型城鎮化的基礎設施，支撐高質量城鎮化戰略
伴隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)會不斷(duan)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)，這是(shi)一個現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)普遍規律。隨著(zhu)我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，我國(guo)也開始不斷(duan)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，2014年(nian)3月，中共中央、國(guo)務院印發(fa)《國(guo)家新(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃（2014—2020年(nian)）》，明(ming)確指(zhi)出緊緊圍(wei)繞全面(mian)提(ti)高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)質量(liang)(liang)，走以人為(wei)本、“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)步”、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、生(sheng)態文明(ming)、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承的(de)(de)(de)中國(guo)特色新(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)發(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)間(jian)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)內的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)大量(liang)(liang)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)建設，新(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)也應該(gai)與新(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)相適應。經濟高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)步”發(fa)展(zhan)，也就是(shi)新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)度(du)融合，而新(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)(yao)與新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良(liang)性互(hu)動，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與農業現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相協調。從更廣泛的(de)(de)(de)意義上看，新(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)應該(gai)是(shi)“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)步”發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)，不僅僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)度(du)融合要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良(liang)性互(hu)動、與農業現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協調的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。
具體(ti)而(er)言，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)可以(yi)體(ti)現為(wei)建(jian)(jian)設(she)智(zhi)慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、森(sen)林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、人文(wen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜(yi)居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等一(yi)(yi)系列類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，還(huan)體(ti)現在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群、大都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，這些要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也(ye)是高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標，“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”就是要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)符合(he)(he)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群和都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)撐(cheng)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”一(yi)(yi)方面布局(ju)全新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，如新(xin)一(yi)(yi)代智(zhi)能信息(xi)網(wang)絡，包括F5G（千兆光纖寬(kuan)帶）、5G、物聯(lian)網(wang)、云(yun)計(ji)(ji)算、邊(bian)緣(yuan)計(ji)(ji)算、新(xin)型(xing)(xing)互聯(lian)網(wang)交換中心等；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面利(li)用新(xin)一(yi)(yi)代信息(xi)技術和綠(lv)色(se)(se)技術與交通運(yun)輸(shu)、能源水利(li)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政、環保、公共衛生等傳統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)進(jin)行融合(he)(he)，對傳統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)進(jin)行數字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)升級而(er)建(jian)(jian)設(she)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。例(li)如，通過信息(xi)技術與傳統基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)融合(he)(he)，形(xing)成(cheng)工(gong)業物聯(lian)網(wang)、車聯(lian)網(wang)、電力物聯(lian)網(wang)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)感知設(she)施(shi)(shi)、智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政等。高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，不(bu)僅(jin)包括單體(ti)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)發(fa)展，還(huan)包括建(jian)(jian)設(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群、都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，我國經(jing)濟發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)結構(gou)正在(zai)發(fa)生深刻(ke)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，中心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群正在(zai)成(cheng)為(wei)承(cheng)載發(fa)展要(yao)(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)形(xing)式。未來城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群和都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)需求(qiu)量(liang)很(hen)大，這既包括城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)高(gao)(gao)速、便(bian)捷(jie)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)、智(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)交通基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，還(huan)包括都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和郊(jiao)區(qu)、中心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和衛星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)交通、信息(xi)等基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)以(yi)及各類公共設(she)施(shi)(shi)。總之(zhi)，支(zhi)撐(cheng)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，將是“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個主戰(zhan)場。
新型基礎設施應是現代化經濟體系的基礎設施，堅持供給側結構性改革
我國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)從高(gao)(gao)速增長(chang)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發展，相應的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)從傳統(tong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系轉(zhuan)向(xiang)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，建設(she)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發展的(de)(de)必然要(yao)求。現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系必然需(xu)要(yao)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)，信息化(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色化(hua)(hua)都是(shi)(shi)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)和要(yao)求，因此，新型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)是(shi)(shi)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)，構成了現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)。制約傳統(tong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系轉(zhuan)向(xiang)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)關鍵矛盾在于供(gong)給(gei)側質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不高(gao)(gao)，建設(she)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系需(xu)要(yao)提高(gao)(gao)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)供(gong)給(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，需(xu)要(yao)破除無效(xiao)(xiao)供(gong)給(gei)、提高(gao)(gao)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)供(gong)給(gei)，以更好地(di)滿(man)足需(xu)求，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)推(tui)進(jin)供(gong)給(gei)側結構性(xing)改革(ge)。同(tong)樣(yang)，建設(she)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，需(xu)通過“新基(ji)建”進(jin)行基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)創(chuang)新，從而(er)提高(gao)(gao)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)供(gong)給(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，促進(jin)數字經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、智能經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)和綠(lv)色經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)發展，進(jin)而(er)推(tui)進(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級，從而(er)實現供(gong)給(gei)側結構性(xing)改革(ge)的(de)(de)目(mu)標。
但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，加快“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”并不(bu)必然就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革。2015年以來(lai)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革成為(wei)(wei)我國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)工作(zuo)主線。供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，旨在(zai)(zai)以改(gai)(gai)(gai)革體制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法推(tui)進(jin)(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)調整(zheng)(zheng)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)質量(liang)，以更(geng)(geng)好(hao)地滿足(zu)需(xu)求(qiu)，進(jin)(jin)而實(shi)現(xian)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)平穩健康發展。供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革本質要求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深化市(shi)場(chang)化改(gai)(gai)(gai)革、完(wan)善市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體制(zhi)(zhi)，通過(guo)更(geng)(geng)加完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)體制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)這只手來(lai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)(zheng)，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)這只手直接干(gan)預供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、實(shi)現(xian)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)調整(zheng)(zheng)。也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”如果只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資(zi)(zi)，試圖通過(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資(zi)(zi)來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)質量(liang)，雖(sui)然這可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會大幅度拉動(dong)投資(zi)(zi)、擴大內(nei)需(xu)，產生(sheng)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從需(xu)求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)刺激經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)，但(dan)由于沒有(you)(you)很(hen)好(hao)地利(li)用(yong)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)認為(wei)(wei)“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深化供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革。“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”要堅(jian)持供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”投資(zi)(zi)與項目更(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊重市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)律、市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)發生(sheng)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)通過(guo)選(xuan)(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)產業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)進(jin)(jin)行大規(gui)模投資(zi)(zi)刺激作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果。“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”堅(jian)持供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，本質上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)熱盼通過(guo)“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”大規(gui)模刺激經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)否(fou)定。雖(sui)然基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施一般具(ju)有(you)(you)公共性(xing)(xing)(xing)，也需(xu)要大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)本，這需(xu)要政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超前(qian)規(gui)劃(hua)和投資(zi)(zi)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要想獲(huo)得長(chang)期經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效率，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)也必須堅(jian)持優先和充分利(li)用(yong)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施與傳統基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施具(ju)有(you)(you)很(hen)大區別，一方(fang)面(mian)市(shi)場(chang)前(qian)景(jing)不(bu)確定較(jiao)大，選(xuan)(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)產業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)，另一方(fang)面(mian)近(jin)些(xie)年在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)推(tui)動(dong)下這個領域已經(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)了很(hen)好(hao)地發展成就(jiu)。因此(ci)，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”需(xu)要政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)引導，但(dan)切勿過(guo)度直接介(jie)入(ru)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)當前(qian)新(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫情(qing)(qing)沖擊(ji)、宏(hong)觀經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)目標實(shi)現(xian)壓力增大、地方(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資(zi)(zi)熱情(qing)(qing)高(gao)(gao)漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背(bei)景(jing)下，更(geng)(geng)需(xu)要對(dui)此(ci)保持高(gao)(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清醒。
總之，中央(yang)提出加快“新(xin)基(ji)建”，應(ying)該(gai)更多地從(cong)促進(jin)(jin)我國經(jing)濟高(gao)質量發展角(jiao)度理解(jie)和認識，而積極(ji)推進(jin)(jin)“新(xin)基(ji)建”，不能忘記供給側結構性改(gai)革(ge)的工作主(zhu)線，要從(cong)優先和充分(fen)利(li)用市場機(ji)制(zhi)入手(shou)。
【責任編輯：語謙】