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黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)十九屆五(wu)中全(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)《建議(yi)》把統(tong)籌(chou)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)納入“十四五(wu)”時期經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展指導思想，并列專章作出戰略部署，突出了國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)在黨(dang)(dang)和(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)作大(da)局中的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)地位。增強產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)自(zi)主(zhu)可控能力是統(tong)籌(chou)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)方面(mian)。新(xin)冠肺炎疫(yi)情全(quan)(quan)(quan)球大(da)流(liu)行和(he)日(ri)益復雜的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際形勢對我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)帶(dai)來(lai)一(yi)定(ding)影響(xiang)，凸顯(xian)了保障產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)極(ji)端重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)性。去(qu)年底召開的(de)(de)中央經(jing)濟工(gong)作會(hui)議(yi)提出：“增強產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)自(zi)主(zhu)可控能力。”這為我們維護(hu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)、維護(hu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展利益指明了方向(xiang)。

20世紀80年代以來，國(guo)(guo)內外理論(lun)界(jie)關(guan)(guan)于“鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”的(de)研究(jiu)日益增多，尤其是產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)逐(zhu)漸成(cheng)(cheng)為經濟(ji)(ji)學研究(jiu)的(de)熱點(dian)和(he)前沿(yan)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就是由(you)在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、運營等環節具有內在技術(shu)經濟(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)聯(lian)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)依據特(te)定(ding)的(de)邏輯(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)和(he)時空(kong)布(bu)局關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，為實現價(jia)值增加(jia)(jia)等經濟(ji)(ji)活動而形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結(jie)構(gou)。供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則是從采(cai)購生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資料到制成(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，并經由(you)銷(xiao)售(shou)、運輸網絡把(ba)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)送(song)達終(zhong)端，將供(gong)(gong)應商、制造商、分銷(xiao)商直到最終(zhong)用(yong)戶連成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個整(zheng)體的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態體系(xi)(xi)。通過(guo)這種網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態體系(xi)(xi)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)銷(xiao)售(shou)可以由(you)這一(yi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條上的(de)相關(guan)(guan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)分工合作來共同(tong)完成(cheng)(cheng)。經濟(ji)(ji)全(quan)球化(hua)的(de)深入(ru)發展(zhan)，就是產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等在全(quan)球范(fan)圍內配置重組的(de)結(jie)果。2008年國(guo)(guo)際金融危(wei)機(ji)和(he)新冠(guan)肺炎(yan)疫情全(quan)球大(da)流(liu)行(xing)，對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安(an)(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了一(yi)定(ding)影響(xiang)。一(yi)方(fang)面，世界(jie)主(zhu)要(yao)經濟(ji)(ji)體更加(jia)(jia)重視(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)，開(kai)始重新審視(shi)其產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)全(quan)球布(bu)局，一(yi)些(xie)發達國(guo)(guo)家還(huan)出臺了“再工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)”戰略(lve)，試圖將制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)量(liang)回(hui)遷國(guo)(guo)內；另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面，個別國(guo)(guo)家對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)科技企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進行(xing)無理打壓、斷(duan)供(gong)(gong)，也在一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度上影響(xiang)了我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)，對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)全(quan)和(he)發展(zhan)利益造成(cheng)(cheng)損害。

習近平(ping)總(zong)書記指出：“優化和(he)穩定產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)在(zai)關(guan)鍵時刻不能掉鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子，這是大國(guo)(guo)經濟必須具備(bei)的(de)重要特征(zheng)。要拉長長板(ban)，補(bu)齊短(duan)板(ban)，在(zai)關(guan)系(xi)國(guo)(guo)家安全(quan)的(de)領域和(he)節點(dian)構(gou)建自(zi)主可控(kong)、安全(quan)可靠(kao)(kao)的(de)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)供(gong)應(ying)體系(xi)。”在(zai)國(guo)(guo)際產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)分工(gong)日益精細的(de)今天，增強我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)自(zi)主可控(kong)能力(li)，應(ying)抓住全(quan)球產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)調(diao)整的(de)戰略窗(chuang)口期，強化頂層設(she)計(ji)，持續補(bu)短(duan)板(ban)、鍛長板(ban)，全(quan)力(li)做好(hao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎再造(zao)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)提升工(gong)作，著力(li)打造(zao)自(zi)主可控(kong)、安全(quan)可靠(kao)(kao)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，形成必要的(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)備(bei)份(fen)系(xi)統，確(que)保在(zai)關(guan)鍵核心技術(shu)、關(guan)鍵零部件(jian)、基礎產(chan)品等(deng)供(gong)應(ying)受(shou)到斷(duan)供(gong)等(deng)限(xian)制時，依(yi)然能夠依(yi)靠(kao)(kao)自(zi)身實力(li)保持國(guo)(guo)內(nei)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)穩定運(yun)行，保障(zhang)國(guo)(guo)家安全(quan)和(he)發展(zhan)利益。

具體而言(yan)，增(zeng)強我國產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)自(zi)主可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)能力，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)從以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)個方面(mian)(mian)著手(shou)。一(yi)是堅持自(zi)主可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)、安全可(ke)靠，分行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分階段推進(jin)(jin)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)的優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與多(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)，把(ba)關(guan)鍵核(he)心技術(shu)(shu)牢牢掌握在自(zi)己手(shou)中(zhong)，在重(zhong)點(dian)領域(yu)形成產能備份(fen)，力爭實(shi)現重(zhong)要領域(yu)和(he)關(guan)鍵節點(dian)的自(zi)主可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)，打造以(yi)(yi)我為主的產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)。二是針對(dui)高端芯(xin)片、基礎軟件(jian)、生(sheng)物醫藥等重(zhong)點(dian)領域(yu)，加(jia)快(kuai)補齊在先進(jin)(jin)工藝、基礎零部件(jian)、關(guan)鍵材(cai)料等方面(mian)(mian)的短板，著力攻(gong)克(ke)關(guan)鍵核(he)心技術(shu)(shu)“卡脖子”問題，提升(sheng)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎高級化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平(ping)；對(dui)軌道交通(tong)、工程機(ji)械(xie)、航空航天、電子信息、新材(cai)料等已具備優(you)勢的領域(yu)，加(jia)緊實(shi)施產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎再造和(he)技術(shu)(shu)提升(sheng)工程，以(yi)(yi)加(jia)強和(he)鞏(gong)固領先地位。三是以(yi)(yi)智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)、數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)、物聯網(wang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為重(zhong)點(dian)，加(jia)快(kuai)推廣(guang)應用新技術(shu)(shu)，加(jia)速(su)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)轉型，確保相關(guan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展始終(zhong)站(zhan)在全球數(shu)字產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)前(qian)沿。（鄧(deng)子綱）

【責任編(bian)輯：趙(zhao)藝涵】