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黨的十九(jiu)屆(jie)五(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)全會(hui)《建(jian)議(yi)》把統籌發(fa)展(zhan)和安(an)(an)全納入“十四五(wu)”時(shi)期經濟社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)指(zhi)導思想，并列(lie)專章作(zuo)出(chu)戰略(lve)部署，突(tu)出(chu)了(le)國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)全在黨和國(guo)(guo)家工(gong)作(zuo)大(da)局中(zhong)(zhong)的重要(yao)(yao)地位。增(zeng)強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈自(zi)(zi)主可控能力(li)是統籌發(fa)展(zhan)和安(an)(an)全的重要(yao)(yao)方面。新冠(guan)肺(fei)炎疫情全球(qiu)大(da)流行(xing)和日益(yi)(yi)復雜的國(guo)(guo)際形勢對我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈安(an)(an)全穩(wen)定(ding)帶(dai)來一定(ding)影響，凸顯(xian)了(le)保障產(chan)業(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈安(an)(an)全穩(wen)定(ding)的極端重要(yao)(yao)性。去年底召(zhao)開的中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)經濟工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)提出(chu)：“增(zeng)強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈自(zi)(zi)主可控能力(li)。”這為我們維(wei)護產(chan)業(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈安(an)(an)全穩(wen)定(ding)、維(wei)護國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)全和發(fa)展(zhan)利益(yi)(yi)指(zhi)明了(le)方向。

20世紀80年(nian)代(dai)以來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外理論(lun)界關(guan)(guan)于(yu)“鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”的(de)(de)研(yan)究日益增多，尤其(qi)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)逐(zhu)漸成(cheng)為經(jing)濟學(xue)研(yan)究的(de)(de)熱點和(he)前沿。產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就(jiu)是(shi)由(you)(you)在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、運營(ying)等環節具(ju)有(you)內(nei)(nei)在(zai)技術經(jing)濟關(guan)(guan)聯的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)依據特定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)邏輯關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)和(he)時空布(bu)局(ju)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，為實現價值增加(jia)等經(jing)濟活動而形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)是(shi)從采購生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資料到(dao)制成(cheng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，并經(jing)由(you)(you)銷售、運輸網絡把產(chan)(chan)品(pin)送達終端，將供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商、制造商、分(fen)銷商直到(dao)最終用戶連(lian)成(cheng)一個整體(ti)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。通(tong)過這種網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)銷售可(ke)以由(you)(you)這一鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條上的(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通(tong)過分(fen)工(gong)(gong)合作來共同完成(cheng)。經(jing)濟全球化(hua)的(de)(de)深入發展(zhan)，就(jiu)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等在(zai)全球范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)配置重(zhong)組的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果。2008年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際金融(rong)危機和(he)新冠肺炎(yan)疫情全球大(da)流(liu)行，對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安(an)全穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)影響。一方面，世界主(zhu)要(yao)經(jing)濟體(ti)更加(jia)重(zhong)視產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)安(an)全穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，開始重(zhong)新審(shen)視其(qi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)全球布(bu)局(ju)，一些發達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)還出(chu)臺了“再工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)”戰略，試圖將制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)量回遷國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)；另一方面，個別國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)技企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進行無理打壓(ya)、斷(duan)供(gong)，也在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)程度上影響了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)安(an)全穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全和(he)發展(zhan)利益造成(cheng)損害。

習近平(ping)總書記指出：“優化和(he)穩定產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)。產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)在關鍵(jian)時(shi)刻不能(neng)掉鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)子，這是(shi)大國(guo)經(jing)濟必須具(ju)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)特征。要(yao)拉長長板，補(bu)齊短板，在關系國(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領域和(he)節點構建自主(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)內(nei)生產(chan)供(gong)應(ying)體(ti)系。”在國(guo)際產(chan)業(ye)分(fen)工(gong)日益精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)今天(tian)，增強我國(guo)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)自主(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)能(neng)力(li)，應(ying)抓住(zhu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)調整的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略窗口期，強化頂層(ceng)設計，持續補(bu)短板、鍛長板，全(quan)(quan)(quan)力(li)做好產(chan)業(ye)基礎(chu)再造和(he)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)提升工(gong)作(zuo)，著力(li)打造自主(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)，形(xing)成必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)備(bei)份(fen)系統，確保在關鍵(jian)核心技術(shu)、關鍵(jian)零部件、基礎(chu)產(chan)品(pin)等供(gong)應(ying)受(shou)到斷供(gong)等限制時(shi)，依然能(neng)夠(gou)依靠自身實力(li)保持國(guo)內(nei)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)穩定運(yun)行(xing)，保障國(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)利益。

具體而言(yan)，增強(qiang)我國(guo)產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)自主(zhu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)能力(li)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)從以(yi)下(xia)幾個方面著手。一是堅持自主(zhu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)、安全可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)，分行業分階段推進(jin)產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)優(you)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)多元化(hua)(hua)，把關(guan)鍵核心(xin)技(ji)術牢牢掌(zhang)握(wo)在自己手中，在重點(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域形成(cheng)產(chan)能備份，力(li)爭實現重要領(ling)(ling)域和(he)關(guan)鍵節點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)自主(zhu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)，打造以(yi)我為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。二是針對(dui)高(gao)端芯片、基(ji)礎(chu)軟件、生(sheng)物醫(yi)藥等重點(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域，加快補齊(qi)在先進(jin)工藝(yi)、基(ji)礎(chu)零部件、關(guan)鍵材料(liao)等方面的(de)短板，著力(li)攻克關(guan)鍵核心(xin)技(ji)術“卡脖子”問題，提升產(chan)業基(ji)礎(chu)高(gao)級化(hua)(hua)和(he)產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)現代化(hua)(hua)水平；對(dui)軌道交通、工程機械、航空航天、電子信息(xi)、新(xin)材料(liao)等已具備優(you)勢(shi)的(de)領(ling)(ling)域，加緊實施(shi)產(chan)業基(ji)礎(chu)再造和(he)技(ji)術提升工程，以(yi)加強(qiang)和(he)鞏固領(ling)(ling)先地位。三是以(yi)智能化(hua)(hua)、數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)、物聯網化(hua)(hua)為(wei)重點(dian)(dian)(dian)，加快推廣(guang)應(ying)用新(xin)技(ji)術，加速(su)產(chan)業數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉型，確保相關(guan)產(chan)業發展始終站(zhan)在全球數(shu)字(zi)產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)前沿。（鄧子綱）

【責任(ren)編(bian)輯：趙藝(yi)涵】