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加快新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉換是新(xin)時代(dai)破(po)解我國經濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)難題的必然(ran)選擇，也是順利實現經濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)階段轉變的關鍵所在(zai)。在(zai)新(xin)時代(dai)背景下(xia)，我們要堅持新(xin)發展(zhan)理念(nian)，增強主動(dong)意識和緊迫感，立足“深化改革、重(zhong)視(shi)規(gui)劃、改善(shan)調控”三個重(zhong)要方面，確保新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉換步伐更(geng)穩、動(dong)力更(geng)足、質(zhi)量更(geng)優。

中國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社會主(zhu)義進(jin)(jin)入了(le)新(xin)時代，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)也進(jin)(jin)入了(le)新(xin)時代。新(xin)時代面臨新(xin)挑戰。新(xin)舊動(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)不暢是當前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)宏觀(guan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)運行(xing)面臨的一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)重要挑戰。習近平總書記強(qiang)調(diao)，中國(guo)(guo)(guo)如果不走創新(xin)驅動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)道路，新(xin)舊動(dong)能(neng)不能(neng)順利轉換(huan)，就不能(neng)真(zhen)正(zheng)強(qiang)大(da)起來。這(zhe)為當前(qian)和今后一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)時期走創新(xin)驅動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)道路，推動(dong)新(xin)舊動(dong)能(neng)順利轉換(huan)，指明了(le)方向和路徑。

新舊動能轉換是大勢所趨

當前，我國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)已由高(gao)速增長(chang)階(jie)段轉(zhuan)向高(gao)質量(liang)發展階(jie)段，正(zheng)處(chu)在轉(zhuan)變發展方式、優化經(jing)濟(ji)結構、轉(zhuan)換增長(chang)動力的(de)攻關期(qi)。加快新舊動能(neng)轉(zhuan)換，既是新時代破解我國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發展難(nan)題的(de)必然選擇，也是順利實現經(jing)濟(ji)發展階(jie)段轉(zhuan)變的(de)關鍵所在。

其一，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)新舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換是(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段的(de)客觀(guan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)。改革(ge)開放(fang)以(yi)來(lai)，我國經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)建(jian)設取得了(le)巨大(da)成就，GDP規模位(wei)(wei)居世界(jie)第(di)二位(wei)(wei)，制(zhi)造業(ye)產(chan)(chan)值位(wei)(wei)居世界(jie)第(di)一位(wei)(wei)，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)也位(wei)(wei)居世界(jie)第(di)一位(wei)(wei)。但與此同時(shi)，我國經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)質量(liang)建(jian)設卻(que)相對滯后，中高(gao)端消費品(pin)(pin)、關鍵工(gong)(gong)業(ye)品(pin)(pin)零部件、核(he)心技術(shu)供(gong)給相對不足。去年中央經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會議明確提出，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)當前和(he)今(jin)后一個時(shi)期確定發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)思路、制(zhi)定經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)政策、實施(shi)宏觀(guan)調(diao)控的(de)根本(ben)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。從我國經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)演化(hua)升級的(de)歷程來(lai)看，舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)曾經(jing)(jing)(jing)在規模和(he)數(shu)量(liang)追趕過程中發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)重要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)用，但在新時(shi)代背景下難以(yi)承擔起提高(gao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)質量(liang)的(de)重任，因此必須加(jia)快新舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換，培育符合高(gao)質量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)新動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)，這(zhe)既是(shi)保持(chi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)持(chi)續(xu)健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)必然要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，也是(shi)適(shi)應我國社(she)會主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)矛(mao)盾變(bian)化(hua)和(he)全(quan)面(mian)建(jian)成小康社(she)會、建(jian)設社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)現代化(hua)強國的(de)必然要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

其二(er)，推(tui)動新(xin)舊動能轉換(huan)是(shi)踐行供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)關鍵所在(zai)。加(jia)快(kuai)新(xin)舊動能接續轉換(huan)，是(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)題中(zhong)之(zhi)義。解決當(dang)前(qian)我國經濟重(zhong)大(da)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構性(xing)失衡，必(bi)須(xu)從(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)方面著手，努力(li)(li)實現供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)求關系(xi)更高(gao)層次上的(de)(de)動態均衡。近幾(ji)年，我們把“三去一降(jiang)一補”作為(wei)推(tui)進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點任務，其重(zhong)要目標導向就是(shi)促(cu)進(jin)經濟增(zeng)長新(xin)舊動能轉換(huan)。從(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)看，新(xin)動能既來(lai)自(zi)新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)、新(xin)產(chan)品、新(xin)業(ye)態等新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)成(cheng)長，也(ye)來(lai)自(zi)傳(chuan)統產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)優化升(sheng)級(ji)。當(dang)前(qian)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點放(fang)在(zai)“破”“立”“降(jiang)”上，大(da)力(li)(li)破除(chu)無效供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)；同(tong)時，著力(li)(li)培育新(xin)動能，擴大(da)有(you)效供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)，以提(ti)升(sheng)整(zheng)個(ge)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)體系(xi)質量，提(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構對需求結(jie)(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)適應性(xing)。加(jia)快(kuai)新(xin)舊動能轉換(huan)，已成(cheng)為(wei)推(tui)進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要戰略(lve)舉措。

其三(san)，推動(dong)(dong)新(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換是構建現(xian)代產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)的必經(jing)(jing)之路。黨的十九大提出了建設實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、科(ke)技創新(xin)、現(xian)代金融、人(ren)力資(zi)源協(xie)同發(fa)展的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)的目標。從產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)視角(jiao)看，新(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換的過(guo)程(cheng)主(zhu)要體(ti)現(xian)為新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)替代舊產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的過(guo)程(cheng)。通過(guo)新(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換，既(ji)要改造提升鋼鐵(tie)、能(neng)源、紡織等傳統產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，還要大力培育(yu)網絡經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、數字(zi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、分享經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)等新(xin)興產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，著力加快建設實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、科(ke)技創新(xin)、現(xian)代金融、人(ren)力資(zi)源協(xie)同發(fa)展的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)，推動(dong)(dong)新(xin)技術、新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態蓬勃發(fa)展，為經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結構順利(li)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級提供(gong)有效(xiao)支(zhi)撐。

關鍵要找準三個著力點

在(zai)新(xin)時(shi)代背景(jing)下，推動(dong)(dong)新(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能轉(zhuan)換工(gong)作，面(mian)臨的(de)困難(nan)更(geng)(geng)(geng)多更(geng)(geng)(geng)大、挑(tiao)戰更(geng)(geng)(geng)為嚴(yan)峻。我們(men)要(yao)堅(jian)持新(xin)發展(zhan)理念，增(zeng)強主動(dong)(dong)意識和緊迫感，立足(zu)“深(shen)化(hua)改革、重(zhong)視規劃、改善調控”三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)方面(mian)，確保新(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能轉(zhuan)換步伐更(geng)(geng)(geng)穩、動(dong)(dong)力更(geng)(geng)(geng)足(zu)、質量(liang)更(geng)(geng)(geng)優。

第一(yi)，改革(ge)(ge)到(dao)位(wei)，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)提(ti)供良好的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)(du)基礎。改革(ge)(ge)是推動新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)動力(li)(li)(li)。我國(guo)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)現在這個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)，不靠改革(ge)(ge)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)就沒(mei)有(you)出路。我國(guo)擁(yong)有(you)世界上數量最多、素質(zhi)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)勞動力(li)(li)(li)，有(you)最大規模的(de)(de)(de)科技和專(zhuan)業(ye)技能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人才隊伍，蘊藏著巨大的(de)(de)(de)增長潛能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。馬克思主義政治經(jing)濟學告(gao)訴我們，生產(chan)關(guan)系只有(you)通(tong)過不斷改革(ge)(ge)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)適應生產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。因此，經(jing)濟新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)不到(dao)位(wei)，本質(zhi)上是改革(ge)(ge)不到(dao)位(wei)。要(yao)按照中央要(yao)求(qiu)，持續深化商事制(zhi)度(du)(du)、投融(rong)資體制(zhi)、財稅體制(zhi)、金融(rong)體制(zhi)、價格體制(zhi)、要(yao)素市場化配置、科技體制(zhi)、包容(rong)審(shen)慎監管(guan)等領域的(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)(ge)，用政府權力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)“減法(fa)”，換(huan)(huan)取市場活力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)“乘法(fa)”，破(po)解經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)和結構失(shi)衡難題，大力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)興產(chan)業(ye)，改造(zao)提(ti)升(sheng)傳統產(chan)業(ye)，提(ti)高(gao)供給體系質(zhi)量和效率，切實讓市場在新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)進程中發(fa)揮決(jue)定(ding)性作用。改革(ge)(ge)只有(you)進行(xing)時，沒(mei)有(you)完成(cheng)時。要(yao)樹立正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)(ge)觀，堅持實踐是檢驗(yan)真理的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)標準(zhun)，聚小、聚微、聚實，讓實踐成(cheng)為改革(ge)(ge)完善(shan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)動力(li)(li)(li)，確(que)保改革(ge)(ge)“無死角(jiao)、無短板、無停(ting)滯”，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)提(ti)供良好的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)(du)環境。

第二(er)，規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)到位，為新舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)提供良好的(de)發展布局。黨的(de)十九大報(bao)告提出，發揮(hui)國家發展規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)戰略(lve)導向作用，健全財(cai)政(zheng)、貨幣(bi)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)、區(qu)域等經濟政(zheng)策協調機制。這再次強(qiang)(qiang)化了規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)重要地(di)位。充(chong)分(fen)發揮(hui)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)在新舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)中的(de)作用，有利于保(bao)持(chi)(chi)戰略(lve)定力，優化新舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)路徑，確保(bao)一張藍圖(tu)繪到底。要堅持(chi)(chi)頂(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)設計(ji)與分(fen)項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)結合原則，加強(qiang)(qiang)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)統(tong)籌管理，構建層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)分(fen)明、功能(neng)清晰、相(xiang)互協調的(de)新舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)體(ti)系，確保(bao)各種(zhong)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)銜接(jie)到位，提升規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)系統(tong)性。瞄(miao)準新舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)薄弱環節，通(tong)過(guo)宏觀引(yin)導，切(qie)實把資源(yuan)配置(zhi)重心向新舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)傾斜，提前(qian)謀劃(hua)(hua)(hua)新舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)重大項(xiang)目建設，重點支持(chi)(chi)傳統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)優化升級(ji)(ji)，加快發展現代服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)，促進我國產(chan)業(ye)(ye)邁向全球價值鏈中高(gao)端(duan)，培育(yu)若干(gan)世界級(ji)(ji)先(xian)進制造業(ye)(ye)集群。

第三，調(diao)(diao)控(kong)到(dao)位，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)良好的(de)資源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)障。科學有(you)效的(de)宏(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)是(shi)完善社會(hui)主義(yi)市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)濟體制、提(ti)升國家(jia)治理體系(xi)和治理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力現代化(hua)水平的(de)必(bi)然(ran)要(yao)求，也是(shi)順(shun)利推進(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)必(bi)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)障。要(yao)加快形成(cheng)適應新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)宏(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)體系(xi)，堅持(chi)“宏(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)有(you)度”，把(ba)“有(you)效市(shi)場(chang)”和“有(you)為政府”更好結合起(qi)來，更多運用(yong)(yong)價格、稅收等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)法(fa)治化(hua)手段(duan)促進(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)。當前，要(yao)把(ba)推進(jin)(jin)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結構性改(gai)(gai)(gai)革作為宏(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)的(de)主線(xian)，重點支持(chi)大(da)數據發展(zhan)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一代人工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)研發應用(yong)(yong)、“互(hu)聯網+”、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業，鼓(gu)勵運用(yong)(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業態、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模(mo)式(shi)，大(da)力改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)提(ti)升傳(chuan)統(tong)產業，著力攻克計算機芯片、集成(cheng)電(dian)路、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)材料等(deng)領(ling)域關鍵技術，確保(bao)(bao)投入到(dao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)領(ling)域的(de)資源(yuan)(yuan)只(zhi)增不減。要(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)運用(yong)(yong)大(da)數據、云(yun)計算等(deng)現代信(xin)息(xi)技術手段(duan)，加快統(tong)計體系(xi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，持(chi)續(xu)分析(xi)、判斷、評估新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)特點、水平、潛力及對新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)貢獻和影(ying)響(xiang)，加強定向(xiang)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)、相機調(diao)(diao)控(kong)、精準(zhun)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)，確保(bao)(bao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)始終(zhong)在(zai)健康的(de)軌道(dao)上穩步(bu)前行(xing)。（宋瑞禮(li)）

【責任編輯：語謙】