文章來源：經(jing)濟日(ri)報(bao) 發布時(shi)間：2019-05-22
當前，我國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)已由高速增(zeng)長階段(duan)轉向高質(zhi)量(liang)發展(zhan)階段(duan)，正處(chu)在(zai)轉變發展(zhan)方式、優(you)化經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)構、轉換增(zeng)長動力(li)的(de)攻關期。實體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)是經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)根基，事關改革和發展(zhan)的(de)全局。黨的(de)十九大報告(gao)提(ti)出，建設(she)現(xian)代化經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)，必(bi)須把(ba)發展(zhan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)著(zhu)力(li)點放在(zai)實體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)上，把(ba)提(ti)高供(gong)給體(ti)系(xi)質(zhi)量(liang)作為(wei)主(zhu)攻方向，顯著(zhu)增(zeng)強我國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)優(you)勢。這(zhe)不僅為(wei)振興實體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)指(zhi)明了方向，也(ye)廓(kuo)清(qing)了中國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)轉型升級(ji)的(de)路徑。
作為農業大(da)國和(he)制造業大(da)國，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是我國市(shi)場的主體(ti)(ti)(ti)，也(ye)是國民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的基石。改革開放40年來(lai)(lai)(lai)，我國經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發展交出亮麗成績單，從(cong)根本上說是得益于實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。未來(lai)(lai)(lai)，推動我國經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現高質量(liang)發展，同(tong)樣也(ye)離(li)不開實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的支撐。我們(men)是靠實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起家(jia)的，也(ye)要靠實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)走向未來(lai)(lai)(lai)。當前和(he)今后一個時期，我們(men)必須以“咬定青山(shan)不放松”的決心振興實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，從(cong)產品(pin)、企業、市(shi)場、體(ti)(ti)(ti)制等(deng)層面入手，建設支撐高質量(liang)發展的現代產業體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)，提高實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質量(liang)效益，讓(rang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)真正實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)起來(lai)(lai)(lai)、興起來(lai)(lai)(lai)。
第一，提升產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，抓(zhua)住消費升級機遇。振興實體經濟，關鍵(jian)在于提高供(gong)給質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)效益。要(yao)適應消費升級的需要(yao)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術創新(xin)和全面質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)，提升產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)附加值和產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，為社會提供(gong)更(geng)多高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、高品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和服(fu)(fu)務。在這(zhe)一過程中，要(yao)堅持(chi)技(ji)術立(li)本。加大(da)(da)(da)科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)投入，縮(suo)短(duan)科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果商(shang)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)和社會化(hua)(hua)(hua)周(zhou)期(qi)，提高產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)科(ke)技(ji)附加值。充分(fen)利用大(da)(da)(da)數(shu)據、互聯網(wang)等新(xin)技(ji)術準確分(fen)析市場供(gong)給與需求(qiu)情(qing)況，加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的創意(yi)創新(xin)設計，不斷(duan)推(tui)出符合國內(nei)國際市場需求(qiu)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)的新(xin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、新(xin)服(fu)(fu)務。要(yao)堅持(chi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)立(li)身。建(jian)立(li)健(jian)(jian)全產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技(ji)術標準體系，全面實施標準化(hua)(hua)(hua)戰略，加快標準強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)、品(pin)(pin)牌強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)建(jian)設。建(jian)立(li)完善產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保障(zhang)體系，健(jian)(jian)全質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)責任追究制度，在國際市場樹立(li)中國產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的良好形象。此外，還(huan)要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)力(li)弘揚“工(gong)匠(jiang)精神”，厚植工(gong)匠(jiang)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)，培育一大(da)(da)(da)批精益求(qiu)精、不斷(duan)創新(xin)工(gong)藝、改(gai)進(jin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的現代產(chan)(chan)業工(gong)人，把產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)做成(cheng)精品(pin)(pin)，助力(li)高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和服(fu)(fu)務的供(gong)給。
第二，用(yong)好企(qi)業主體，提升整(zheng)(zheng)體競爭(zheng)力(li)(li)。振興(xing)實(shi)體經濟，企(qi)業必須內練筋骨，從提升發展(zhan)(zhan)質(zhi)量入手(shou)，完善(shan)企(qi)業制(zhi)度，提高自主創新能力(li)(li)和經營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平，努力(li)(li)推動中國(guo)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)向中國(guo)創造(zao)(zao)轉變(bian)。一方面，要完善(shan)企(qi)業制(zhi)度。通過建立完善(shan)的公(gong)司(si)治理(li)(li)結構，為企(qi)業發展(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)駕(jia)護航。另一方面，還(huan)要加強(qiang)管(guan)理(li)(li)創新。運(yun)用(yong)科學管(guan)理(li)(li)方法，提高企(qi)業決策和經營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平，簡(jian)化生產(chan)流程(cheng)，提升供應鏈協調能力(li)(li)，在(zai)保(bao)障質(zhi)量前提下(xia)降低生產(chan)成本，實(shi)現提質(zhi)增效(xiao)。此外(wai)，還(huan)要加強(qiang)企(qi)業之間(jian)的競爭(zheng)合作(zuo)，促進管(guan)理(li)(li)、技術(shu)、人才、資金優勢相融合，整(zheng)(zheng)合優勢資源，提升企(qi)業整(zheng)(zheng)體競爭(zheng)力(li)(li)。
第(di)三，優化(hua)(hua)市(shi)場建(jian)設，增(zeng)強金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)能力(li)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)是金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)根基，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)是實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)血脈，為實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)立業(ye)之本。近年(nian)來(lai)，我(wo)國金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)取得長足發(fa)展(zhan)，但總體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上看，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)優化(hua)(hua)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)配置(zhi)、振興實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用尚未(wei)充分(fen)發(fa)揮，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)效率還(huan)(huan)不高(gao)。在這一(yi)過程(cheng)中，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)聚焦主業(ye)、強化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)轉變方(fang)式(shi)、優化(hua)(hua)結構，從(cong)而更(geng)好地服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)是優化(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)配置(zhi)，增(zeng)強金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)針對(dui)性(xing)和(he)(he)有(you)效性(xing)。緊緊圍繞國家重(zhong)大戰(zhan)略、重(zhong)點項(xiang)目、關鍵領(ling)域和(he)(he)薄弱環(huan)節集聚金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，積(ji)極(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)普惠(hui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)、綠色金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)，矯正要(yao)(yao)(yao)素資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)錯配，著力(li)解決實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)難(nan)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)貴問題。二是推(tui)動(dong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)創新，不斷開發(fa)新產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)新服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式(shi)是否符合(he)市(shi)場需(xu)求，對(dui)提高(gao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)效率有(you)著重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)影響(xiang)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構應從(cong)戰(zhan)略高(gao)度做好金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)創新工(gong)作(zuo)，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)改造提升原有(you)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)創造新的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)；既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)創新服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式(shi)、優化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高(gao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)覆蓋率和(he)(he)便捷度，積(ji)極(ji)創新“量體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)裁(cai)衣”式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),滿足實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)多樣化(hua)(hua)、個性(xing)化(hua)(hua)需(xu)求。三是完善績效考核機(ji)制，增(zeng)強服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)。建(jian)議完善國有(you)商業(ye)銀行和(he)(he)政策性(xing)銀行績效考核標準，將服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)效作(zuo)為評價經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)績效的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)指標，增(zeng)強全體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)員工(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)、主動(dong)性(xing)和(he)(he)創造性(xing)。
第四，完(wan)(wan)善體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)，營造良(liang)好發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)環(huan)境。良(liang)好環(huan)境是發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)前提和有(you)(you)效保障(zhang)。要(yao)(yao)按(an)照供給側結構性(xing)改(gai)革要(yao)(yao)求，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)統籌協調(diao)，建(jian)立健全相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)，破除要(yao)(yao)素市場(chang)化配(pei)置(zhi)障(zhang)礙，降(jiang)低制(zhi)(zhi)度性(xing)交易成(cheng)本(ben)，推動政(zheng)策、資(zi)(zi)金(jin)、技術、人才(cai)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)素匯聚到發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)大潮中(zhong)。比如(ru)，要(yao)(yao)深化“放管(guan)服”改(gai)革，圍繞(rao)提高全要(yao)(yao)素生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)率、增強(qiang)創新活力(li)(li)，開(kai)展(zhan)降(jiang)稅清費工(gong)作，引導更多(duo)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)、土地等(deng)要(yao)(yao)素資(zi)(zi)源投(tou)入工(gong)業、制(zhi)(zhi)造業領域，支持實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)；要(yao)(yao)完(wan)(wan)善有(you)(you)利于促進(jin)公平競爭的(de)(de)規則體(ti)(ti)系，完(wan)(wan)善物權、合同(tong)、知識(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)度，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)對各種(zhong)所有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企業和自(zi)(zi)然人財產(chan)(chan)(chan)權的(de)(de)保護；要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)大人才(cai)培(pei)養力(li)(li)度，完(wan)(wan)善人才(cai)激勵(li)評價機制(zhi)(zhi)，激發(fa)(fa)人才(cai)創造創新活力(li)(li)；要(yao)(yao)推進(jin)土地、人力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)、資(zi)(zi)金(jin)、科技等(deng)領域改(gai)革，消除要(yao)(yao)素自(zi)(zi)由(you)流動的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)障(zhang)礙，等(deng)等(deng)。與此同(tong)時，還要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)快財政(zheng)金(jin)融體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革，落實(shi)(shi)財稅支持實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)政(zheng)策，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)金(jin)融監(jian)管(guan)，提高實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)能(neng)力(li)(li)和國際競爭能(neng)力(li)(li)。（殷瑞航 成(cheng)丕德(de)）
【責任編輯：語謙】