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當(dang)前，我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)已(yi)由高(gao)速(su)增(zeng)長階(jie)段轉向高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展階(jie)段，正處(chu)在轉變發(fa)展方式、優(you)化經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結構、轉換(huan)增(zeng)長動力的(de)攻關期。實體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)是經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展的(de)根基，事(shi)關改革和發(fa)展的(de)全局。黨的(de)十九大報告(gao)提(ti)出(chu)，建設現代(dai)化經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系，必須把發(fa)展經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)著力點放在實體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)上(shang)，把提(ti)高(gao)供(gong)給(gei)體(ti)(ti)系質量(liang)作為(wei)主攻方向，顯著增(zeng)強我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)質量(liang)優(you)勢。這不(bu)僅為(wei)振興(xing)實體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)指明了(le)(le)方向，也廓(kuo)清了(le)(le)中國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)轉型升級的(de)路徑。

作(zuo)為農業大國和制造業大國，實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟是(shi)我國市場(chang)的(de)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，也是(shi)國民經(jing)濟的(de)基(ji)石。改革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)40年來(lai)(lai)，我國經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)交(jiao)出亮麗成績單(dan)，從(cong)(cong)根本(ben)上說是(shi)得益(yi)于(yu)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟。未來(lai)(lai)，推(tui)動我國經(jing)濟實(shi)現(xian)高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)，同(tong)樣也離不(bu)開(kai)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟的(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)。我們是(shi)靠(kao)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟起家的(de)，也要靠(kao)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟走向未來(lai)(lai)。當前和今(jin)后一個時(shi)期，我們必(bi)須(xu)以“咬定青山不(bu)放(fang)松”的(de)決心振興實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟，從(cong)(cong)產品、企業、市場(chang)、體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制等層面(mian)入手(shou)，建(jian)設支(zhi)撐(cheng)高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)現(xian)代產業體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系，提高實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟質量(liang)效益(yi)，讓實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟真正實(shi)起來(lai)(lai)、興起來(lai)(lai)。

第一，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量，抓住消費(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)機(ji)遇。振興實體經濟，關(guan)鍵(jian)在(zai)于提(ti)(ti)高(gao)供給(gei)質量效益。要(yao)(yao)(yao)適應消費(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)和(he)(he)全面質量管理(li)，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)附加(jia)值(zhi)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量，為社(she)會提(ti)(ti)供更多(duo)高(gao)質量、高(gao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)務。在(zai)這一過(guo)程中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)立本。加(jia)大科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)投入，縮短科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成果商業化和(he)(he)社(she)會化周期，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)附加(jia)值(zhi)。充(chong)分(fen)利用大數(shu)據、互聯網(wang)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)分(fen)析市場供給(gei)與需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)情況，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)意創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)設(she)計(ji)，不(bu)斷推(tui)出符合國內國際(ji)市場需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)變(bian)化的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、新(xin)(xin)服(fu)務。要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質立身。建(jian)立健全產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)標準(zhun)(zhun)體系，全面實施標準(zhun)(zhun)化戰略，加(jia)快標準(zhun)(zhun)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)、質量強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)建(jian)設(she)。建(jian)立完(wan)善產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量保障體系，健全質量責任追究(jiu)制度，在(zai)國際(ji)市場樹(shu)立中國產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)良好(hao)形(xing)象。此外，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)大力弘揚(yang)“工匠精(jing)神”，厚植工匠文(wen)化，培育一大批精(jing)益求(qiu)精(jing)、不(bu)斷創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)工藝、改進產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量的(de)(de)現(xian)代產(chan)(chan)(chan)業工人，把產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)做成精(jing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，助力高(gao)質量產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)務的(de)(de)供給(gei)。

第二，用好企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)主體(ti)，提(ti)(ti)升整體(ti)競爭力。振興實體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)必須內練筋骨，從(cong)提(ti)(ti)升發展質量入手，完善(shan)(shan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)制度，提(ti)(ti)高自主創(chuang)新(xin)能力和經(jing)營管理(li)水平，努(nu)力推動(dong)中國(guo)制造向中國(guo)創(chuang)造轉變。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)完善(shan)(shan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)制度。通過建立完善(shan)(shan)的公司治理(li)結構(gou)，為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發展保駕護航。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，還要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強管理(li)創(chuang)新(xin)。運用科學管理(li)方(fang)法，提(ti)(ti)高企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)決策(ce)和經(jing)營管理(li)水平，簡(jian)化生(sheng)產(chan)流程，提(ti)(ti)升供應鏈協調能力，在(zai)保障質量前提(ti)(ti)下降(jiang)低生(sheng)產(chan)成本，實現提(ti)(ti)質增效。此外，還要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)之間的競爭合(he)作(zuo)，促(cu)進管理(li)、技術、人才、資(zi)金優勢相融合(he)，整合(he)優勢資(zi)源，提(ti)(ti)升企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)整體(ti)競爭力。

第三(san)，優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)市場建設(she)，增(zeng)(zeng)強金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)能力。實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)根基，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)血脈(mo)，為實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)立業(ye)(ye)之本。近年來，我國(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)取得長足(zu)發(fa)(fa)展，但總(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上看，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)配(pei)置、振興實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)尚未(wei)充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)還(huan)不高。在(zai)這一(yi)過程中，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)既要(yao)(yao)(yao)聚(ju)焦主業(ye)(ye)、強化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)轉變方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)結構，從(cong)而(er)更好(hao)地(di)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)是(shi)優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)源(yuan)配(pei)置，增(zeng)(zeng)強金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)和(he)有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)(xing)。緊緊圍繞國(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)大戰(zhan)略、重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)項目、關鍵領域和(he)薄弱環節集聚(ju)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)源(yuan)，積(ji)極(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、綠色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，矯正(zheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)素資(zi)源(yuan)錯配(pei)，著力解決實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)難融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)貴問題。二是(shi)推動金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，不斷開發(fa)(fa)新(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)新(xin)(xin)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)是(shi)否(fou)符合市場需(xu)求，對(dui)提高金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)有著重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)影響。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構應(ying)從(cong)戰(zhan)略高度做好(hao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)工(gong)作，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)改造提升原有產(chan)品(pin)，又(you)(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)視創(chuang)(chuang)造新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)；既要(yao)(yao)(yao)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，又(you)(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)覆蓋率(lv)和(he)便捷度，積(ji)極(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)“量體(ti)(ti)(ti)裁衣”式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu),滿足(zu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)多樣化(hua)(hua)、個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)需(xu)求。三(san)是(shi)完善(shan)績效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)核機制，增(zeng)(zeng)強服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)。建議完善(shan)國(guo)有商業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)和(he)政策性(xing)(xing)銀行(xing)績效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)核標(biao)準，將服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)成效(xiao)(xiao)作為評價經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營績效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)指(zhi)標(biao)，增(zeng)(zeng)強全體(ti)(ti)(ti)員工(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)、主動性(xing)(xing)和(he)創(chuang)(chuang)造性(xing)(xing)。

第(di)四，完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，營造良好發(fa)展(zhan)環(huan)境(jing)。良好環(huan)境(jing)是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)實體(ti)經濟(ji)的重要(yao)(yao)前提和(he)有(you)效保障(zhang)。要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)供給側結構性(xing)改革(ge)要(yao)(yao)求，加強(qiang)統籌協調(diao)，建立健全相關(guan)(guan)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，破(po)除要(yao)(yao)素(su)市場化配(pei)置障(zhang)礙(ai)，降低(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)性(xing)交易成(cheng)本，推(tui)動政(zheng)策、資金(jin)(jin)、技術、人(ren)才(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)要(yao)(yao)素(su)匯聚到(dao)發(fa)展(zhan)實體(ti)經濟(ji)的大(da)潮(chao)中。比如，要(yao)(yao)深化“放管服”改革(ge)，圍(wei)繞提高(gao)全要(yao)(yao)素(su)生(sheng)產率(lv)、增(zeng)強(qiang)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)活力，開展(zhan)降稅(shui)清費(fei)工作，引導更多資金(jin)(jin)、土地等(deng)(deng)要(yao)(yao)素(su)資源投入工業、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造業領域，支持實體(ti)經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)；要(yao)(yao)完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)有(you)利(li)于促進(jin)公平競爭的規則體(ti)系，完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)物權(quan)(quan)、合同、知識(shi)產權(quan)(quan)相關(guan)(guan)法律(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，加強(qiang)對各種所有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企業和(he)自然(ran)人(ren)財產權(quan)(quan)的保護；要(yao)(yao)加大(da)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培養(yang)力度(du)(du)，完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)激勵評價機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，激發(fa)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)創(chuang)造創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)活力；要(yao)(yao)推(tui)進(jin)土地、人(ren)力資本、資金(jin)(jin)、科(ke)技等(deng)(deng)領域改革(ge)，消除要(yao)(yao)素(su)自由流(liu)動的體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)障(zhang)礙(ai)，等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。與(yu)此同時，還要(yao)(yao)加快財政(zheng)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)，落實財稅(shui)支持實體(ti)經濟(ji)的相關(guan)(guan)政(zheng)策，加強(qiang)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)監管，提高(gao)實體(ti)經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)國際(ji)競爭能(neng)(neng)力。（殷瑞航(hang) 成(cheng)丕德）

【責任編輯：語謙】