文章來源:人民(min)日報 發布時間:2019-10-08
改革(ge)開(kai)放讓中(zhong)國(guo)大踏步趕上時(shi)代,成為(wei)當代中(zhong)國(guo)發展(zhan)進步的必(bi)由之(zhi)路(lu)。改革(ge)開(kai)放開(kai)辟出一條不同于西方模(mo)式的現代化道(dao)路(lu),拓展(zhan)了發展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)走(zou)向現代化的途徑。中(zhong)國(guo)在改革(ge)開(kai)放中(zhong)正確處理(li)一系列重大關系,為(wei)發展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)走(zou)向現代化提供(gong)了中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)驗。
正確處理(li)立(li)足國(guo)(guo)(guo)情與借鑒(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)的(de)關系。習(xi)(xi)近平同(tong)志指出(chu):“我(wo)們(men)要虛心學(xue)習(xi)(xi)借鑒(jian)人類社會創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)的(de)一切文明(ming)成果,但(dan)我(wo)們(men)不能(neng)數典忘祖(zu),不能(neng)照抄照搬別(bie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)式(shi),也絕不會接(jie)受任何外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)頤指氣使的(de)說教。”在經濟(ji)全球化時代,一個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)要實(shi)現(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)代化,必須(xu)以世界眼(yan)光和開放(fang)心態吸收借鑒(jian)其他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)的(de)先進(jin)經驗和有(you)益成果。但(dan)應認識到,國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)經驗可(ke)以學(xue)習(xi)(xi)借鑒(jian),卻不能(neng)照抄照搬。現(xian)(xian)實(shi)中(zhong),一些發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)照抄照搬西(xi)方模(mo)式(shi)甚至依附于西(xi)方國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)搞現(xian)(xian)代化,最(zui)終失去發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)自主(zhu)性,非但(dan)沒(mei)有(you)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)代化,反而陷(xian)入(ru)動蕩之中(zhong)。事(shi)實(shi)證明(ming),國(guo)(guo)(guo)情不同(tong),道路就會不同(tong),立(li)足本國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情才(cai)是走向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)代化的(de)正道。改革開放(fang)以來,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)正是堅持從本國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情出(chu)發(fa)(fa),不斷汲取人類優秀文明(ming)成果,才(cai)走出(chu)了一條讓世界矚(zhu)目的(de)社會主(zhu)義現(xian)(xian)代化道路。
正(zheng)確處(chu)理經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)善(shan)的(de)關系。實現現代化,既要大力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)持(chi)續改(gai)善(shan)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)奠定堅實物質基礎(chu),也要通過持(chi)續改(gai)善(shan)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)創造更多有效需(xu)求。同時,改(gai)善(shan)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)要與(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)狀況相適應,既盡力(li)(li)而(er)為(wei)(wei)又量力(li)(li)而(er)行(xing)。在(zai)走向現代化的(de)進程中,有的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中國(guo)家雖然經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)了,但民(min)眾(zhong)沒有享受到(dao)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)成(cheng)果(guo),最終導(dao)致社(she)會動蕩。有的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中國(guo)家不切實際(ji)地提(ti)(ti)高(gao)社(she)會福利(li)水平(ping),由于過度福利(li)化導(dao)致效率低下、增長停滯。中國(guo)在(zai)改(gai)革開放中始終堅持(chi)正(zheng)確處(chu)理經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)善(shan)的(de)關系,將收入提(ti)(ti)高(gao)建(jian)立在(zai)勞(lao)動生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率提(ti)(ti)高(gao)的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),將福利(li)水平(ping)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)建(jian)立在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)和(he)財力(li)(li)可持(chi)續增長的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),實現了經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)善(shan)良性互動、相得益彰(zhang)。
正確處理(li)(li)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的關系(xi)。建立現(xian)代化經濟(ji)(ji)體系(xi)是實現(xian)現(xian)代化的基礎(chu),其核心是正確處理(li)(li)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的關系(xi),既發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)在(zai)資(zi)源配(pei)置中的決(jue)定(ding)(ding)性作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),又更(geng)好(hao)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。習(xi)近平同(tong)志(zhi)強調(diao):“使市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)在(zai)資(zi)源配(pei)置中起(qi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)性作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和更(geng)好(hao)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),二(er)者是有(you)機統一(yi)的,不(bu)是相互否(fou)定(ding)(ding)的,不(bu)能(neng)把(ba)二(er)者割裂開來、對立起(qi)來,既不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)在(zai)資(zi)源配(pei)置中的決(jue)定(ding)(ding)性作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)取代甚至(zhi)否(fou)定(ding)(ding)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),也不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)更(geng)好(hao)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)取代甚至(zhi)否(fou)定(ding)(ding)使市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)在(zai)資(zi)源配(pei)置中起(qi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)性作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。”近些(xie)年來,受新(xin)自由主義(yi)思潮影響(xiang),一(yi)些(xie)發(fa)(fa)展中國家把(ba)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)對立起(qi)來,過(guo)分強調(diao)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、否(fou)定(ding)(ding)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),結果使整個(ge)國家經濟(ji)(ji)陷入嚴重混亂。中國在(zai)改革開放中注(zhu)重發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)與政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)“兩只(zhi)手”的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和優勢,既最大(da)限度調(diao)動(dong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟(ji)(ji)內在(zai)的激勵和創新(xin)動(dong)力,又確保市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟(ji)(ji)有(you)序有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)運行(xing),有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)調(diao)動(dong)各(ge)方(fang)積極(ji)性,推(tui)動(dong)經濟(ji)(ji)持續(xu)健康發(fa)(fa)展。
正確處(chu)理活(huo)(huo)(huo)力與有序的(de)關(guan)系。一(yi)個(ge)運(yun)行(xing)良好的(de)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)社(she)會(hui)(hui),既要充滿活(huo)(huo)(huo)力,又(you)要和諧有序。習(xi)近(jin)平同志指出,“要處(chu)理好活(huo)(huo)(huo)力和有序的(de)關(guan)系,社(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)要充滿活(huo)(huo)(huo)力,但(dan)這種活(huo)(huo)(huo)力又(you)必須是有序活(huo)(huo)(huo)動的(de)。死水一(yi)潭不行(xing),暗流(liu)洶(xiong)涌也不行(xing)。”當前,困擾很多發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中國家走(zou)向現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)難題,就是社(she)會(hui)(hui)動蕩和不穩(wen)定(ding)。與之形成鮮(xian)明對照(zhao)的(de)是,在改(gai)(gai)革(ge)開放進程(cheng)中我國把改(gai)(gai)革(ge)力度、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速度和社(she)會(hui)(hui)可(ke)承受程(cheng)度有機統(tong)一(yi)起來,讓(rang)一(yi)切(qie)勞(lao)動、知識、技術、管理、資本(ben)等要素的(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)力競相(xiang)迸發(fa)(fa),讓(rang)一(yi)切(qie)創造社(she)會(hui)(hui)財富(fu)的(de)源泉充分(fen)涌流(liu)。同時(shi),注重(zhong)為(wei)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)營造安定(ding)有序的(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)環境,成功處(chu)理活(huo)(huo)(huo)力與有序的(de)關(guan)系,確保(bao)始終在保(bao)持社(she)會(hui)(hui)穩(wen)定(ding)中推進改(gai)(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),又(you)通過改(gai)(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)促進社(she)會(hui)(hui)穩(wen)定(ding)。(作(zuo)者 廣(guang)東(dong)省習(xi)近(jin)平新時(shi)代(dai)(dai)中國特色社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義思想研究中心 執筆(bi) 張 浩)
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