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新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建風口下，各路(lu)資(zi)本(ben)、各方人馬涌入(ru)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)行業，能否破(po)解其盈利(li)困境(jing)？未來行業發展(zhan)的(de)方向是(shi)什么？近日，國網電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)服務有(you)限公司（以(yi)(yi)下簡稱國網電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)公司）董事長、黨(dang)委書(shu)記全生(sheng)明表示，今年以(yi)(yi)來，疫情加劇(ju)了(le)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)行業的(de)盈利(li)難度，但新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建等一(yi)系列政(zheng)策出(chu)臺給這(zhe)一(yi)行業打了(le)一(yi)針強(qiang)心劑。

據透露(lu)，作為(wei)充(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)行業的(de)國家隊，國網電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車公(gong)司正在加快構建“全國充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一張網”。預計到(dao)2020年底，平臺將實(shi)現(xian)注冊(ce)用戶數突破500萬，累(lei)計接入充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁100萬根，年充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量達到(dao)15億千瓦時。

充換電行業盈利難度加大

近(jin)年來(lai)，在各方共同努力(li)下，我國新能源汽車進入加速發展的新階(jie)段。作為其不可(ke)或(huo)缺的配套(tao)產業，充換電行業也取得了(le)巨大進步。

根據中國(guo)電動汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)促進聯(lian)盟統計，截至今年5月(yue)，全(quan)國(guo)充(chong)(chong)電基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)累計數(shu)量(liang)為129.9萬(wan)臺(tai)，同比增加(jia)33.1%。其中公共充(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)保(bao)有(you)量(liang)55萬(wan)臺(tai)，私人(ren)充(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)保(bao)有(you)量(liang)74.9萬(wan)臺(tai)。“可以說，充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)的建(jian)設(she)(she)為滿足(zu)充(chong)(chong)電需(xu)求做出了(le)突出貢獻，有(you)力(li)保(bao)障了(le)我國(guo)新能源汽(qi)(qi)車產業的快(kuai)速發展。”全(quan)生(sheng)明稱(cheng)。

但他(ta)表(biao)示，由于目前新能源汽車在(zai)整體汽車存量中占比仍然較(jiao)小，充(chong)換(huan)電行業(ye)普(pu)遍存在(zai)項目投入大、落(luo)地難(nan)、回收(shou)周期長等問(wen)題，加(jia)之設施平均利(li)用率低、市場競爭激烈，各(ge)平臺尚未(wei)實現(xian)完全互(hu)聯互(hu)通，運(yun)營商缺乏流量變現(xian)手段等因素，導致充(chong)換(huan)電行業(ye)盈(ying)(ying)利(li)比較(jiao)困難(nan)。特(te)別是今年(nian)以來，受疫情(qing)(qing)影(ying)響，私家車、運(yun)營車等各(ge)類(lei)車輛充(chong)電需求驟降，各(ge)充(chong)換(huan)電運(yun)營商上半年(nian)的充(chong)電電量、服務費收(shou)入顯(xian)著降低，在(zai)盈(ying)(ying)利(li)方(fang)式單(dan)一(yi)、缺乏其(qi)他(ta)增值服務收(shou)入的情(qing)(qing)況下，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)加(jia)劇(ju)了行業(ye)盈(ying)(ying)利(li)難(nan)度。

全生明說，目前充換(huan)電(dian)行(xing)業還存(cun)在設施分布不均(jun)衡、互聯(lian)互通廣度(du)和深度(du)不夠、智(zhi)能化和互動化水(shui)平不高等問題，同(tong)時社區建樁(zhuang)(zhuang)難、數量少(shao)、利用(yong)率(lv)低，影響了新能源車(che)主(zhu)用(yong)車(che)體(ti)(ti)驗(yan)和獲得感，充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)體(ti)(ti)系建設亟待加強(qiang)，充換(huan)電(dian)行(xing)業亟須(xu)更多的政策支持和指(zhi)導。

迎來新基建政策春風

全生(sheng)(sheng)明認(ren)為，充電(dian)樁被納(na)入新(xin)(xin)基建及一系(xi)列相關支(zhi)持政策的(de)出臺，彰顯了國家支(zhi)持新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)及充換(huan)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)決心，這(zhe)將有(you)(you)效解決電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充電(dian)難題(ti)、促進電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，對拉動(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)走出短(duan)期底(di)部、保障行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行(xing)(xing)穩致遠、更(geng)好(hao)(hao)滿(man)足人民(min)美(mei)好(hao)(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)需要，具有(you)(you)重要意義。同時，這(zhe)也給(gei)充換(huan)電(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)打了一針強心劑，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)設(she)備制造(zao)商、運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商等產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈上下(xia)游(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，提升核(he)心技(ji)術與創新(xin)(xin)能力；有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)吸引更(geng)多(duo)的(de)社會資(zi)本進入充換(huan)電(dian)領域，營(ying)(ying)造(zao)共建共營(ying)(ying)的(de)良好(hao)(hao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)局面(mian)；有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)補齊行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)短(duan)板，提振老百姓對新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)消費(fei)信心，助力行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)長遠發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)國家戰略落地。

注意到，最終(zhong)表決通(tong)過的(de)《政府工(gong)作報告》將此前(qian)“建設(she)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)”的(de)表述(shu)修改為“增(zeng)加充電(dian)樁(zhuang)、換電(dian)站(zhan)等設(she)施”。

在全生明看來(lai)，換(huan)電站作(zuo)為(wei)新基(ji)建的(de)重要組成部(bu)分(fen)(fen)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)被寫(xie)入《政(zheng)府(fu)工作(zuo)報告》，一(yi)方(fang)面意味著(zhu)國(guo)家對換(huan)電技術創新的(de)認可，對車(che)電分(fen)(fen)離發展道路的(de)肯(ken)定；另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面,就(jiu)電動(dong)車(che)使用(yong)而言，換(huan)電不僅(jin)是相同規格電池的(de)快(kuai)速更換(huan)，更緩解了當下電動(dong)車(che)補能速度(du)慢、續(xu)航不可升級、二(er)手車(che)殘值低(di)等問(wen)題(ti)。

他(ta)認為，根據(ju)目(mu)前行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)整體(ti)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)情(qing)況及(ji)技(ji)術變革趨勢判斷(duan)，未來(lai)(lai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)將向(xiang)規模化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯(lian)化(hua)(hua)、共(gong)享化(hua)(hua)方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。首先，充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)一(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)上具有網(wang)(wang)絡經濟的特(te)點，平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)效應、規模效應突出，目(mu)前已(yi)經形成(cheng)國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、特(te)來(lai)(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、星(xing)星(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等大(da)型運(yun)營商(shang)為主導、中小微運(yun)營商(shang)為補充(chong)(chong)(chong)的市場格局，未來(lai)(lai)有望進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)整合作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)不(bu)同運(yun)營商(shang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)之間的深度(du)互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通，打造“全國充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)張網(wang)(wang)”的格局；其次，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)技(ji)術水(shui)平(ping)的不(bu)斷(duan)提升，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)引(yin)導充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術向(xiang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，以即插即充(chong)(chong)(chong)、大(da)功(gong)率充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、自動(dong)(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等為代表的技(ji)術創新(xin)將成(cheng)為充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的重要(yao)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)力。同時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯(lian)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)提升，將進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)個人(ren)樁(zhuang)共(gong)享，提高(gao)社(she)區充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率、降低充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)使用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)本。第三，充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)緊密(mi)相連，有序充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、V2G、負(fu)(fu)荷(he)聚(ju)合等車(che)網(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)技(ji)術的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與應用(yong)(yong)，將進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)挖掘電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)儲能(neng)(neng)價值(zhi)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)與智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的深度(du)融(rong)合、互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。此外，利(li)用(yong)(yong)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)聚(ju)合技(ji)術開展(zhan)(zhan)綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易，聚(ju)合充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)參與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)，將推動(dong)(dong)(dong)實現新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)納(na)，助(zhu)力能(neng)(neng)源轉型。

加快打造“全國充電一張網”

近期以來，北京、上(shang)海、江蘇(su)等多個(ge)地(di)方(fang)都先(xian)后出臺了充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁建(jian)(jian)設方(fang)案。而國網電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)公司也在加碼布局這一賽道，今年(nian)將安排27億元投資充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施建(jian)(jian)設，新(xin)增充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁7.8萬個(ge)。

“爭做投資建設(she)(she)的帶動(dong)者，主動(dong)對(dui)接各地方(fang)新能(neng)源汽(qi)車產業發(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)求，持續完(wan)善公(gong)共、專用充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)布局，加快社(she)區智能(neng)有序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)，多措(cuo)并舉引導社(she)會資本積極(ji)參與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)。” 全(quan)生(sheng)明表示(shi)。

在(zai)加大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)建設(she)力度(du)的(de)同時(shi)，國網電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)公司(si)還致力于(yu)建設(she)服務(wu)最(zui)優(you)、接(jie)(jie)入(ru)最(zui)多、流量(liang)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)智慧(hui)車(che)聯(lian)網平臺，截至目前，注(zhu)冊(ce)用戶數接(jie)(jie)近300萬，接(jie)(jie)入(ru)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)總數超過49萬根。更重要的(de)是依(yi)托這一平臺，廣泛聚合充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)資源，推動新能源汽車(che)深度(du)融入(ru)電(dian)(dian)力系統，創新服務(wu)產品與(yu)商業(ye)模式，吸引行業(ye)合作伙伴(ban)共(gong)建共(gong)享，構建新能源汽車(che)服務(wu)生(sheng)態圈。同時(shi)，爭做技(ji)術創新的(de)先行者，搭建國家級充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術創新平臺，推動充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施智能化(hua)、網聯(lian)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)，攻(gong)堅大(da)(da)功率充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、V2G等關鍵(jian)技(ji)術，牽頭(tou)開展(zhan)行業(ye)、國家、國際標準制(zhi)修(xiu)訂(ding)，實(shi)現標準引領、技(ji)術引領。

邀(yao)請符合條件的合伙人一同(tong)共建共享充(chong)電(dian)樁，向(xiang)中小充(chong)電(dian)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)商提供(gong)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)平(ping)臺，與寶馬等(deng)公(gong)司開啟(qi)戰略合作……一系列(lie)不(bu)同(tong)于以往的動(dong)作背后是國網電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車公(gong)司全新的謀劃。

“這(zhe)些舉措一是引導市(shi)(shi)場方向(xiang)，實現(xian)各企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)共(gong)贏；二是盤活市(shi)(shi)場資(zi)源(yuan)，帶動電(dian)動汽車新能源(yuan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)展；三是激勵整(zheng)個產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈相關行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。”全(quan)生明(ming)表(biao)示，合作(zuo)(zuo)建樁業(ye)(ye)(ye)務將帶動基建施(shi)工、生產(chan)制造和大(da)數據(ju)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務在橫向(xiang)和縱向(xiang)上的(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)展，為(wei)培(pei)育良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)生態(tai)環境(jing)奠定堅實的(de)(de)基礎。同(tong)時，有(you)利于全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈更好(hao)的(de)(de)分工協作(zuo)(zuo)，降低全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)綜合建站成本，為(wei)中小(xiao)運營商(shang)進行(xing)減負。此外，以平臺作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)樞紐，整(zheng)合樁企(qi)(qi)、運營商(shang)及充(chong)電(dian)用戶資(zi)源(yuan)，降低整(zheng)個充(chong)電(dian)樁行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)經營成本，達到多方面(mian)推(tui)動充(chong)電(dian)市(shi)(shi)場向(xiang)好(hao)發(fa)展，拉動幕后產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈效益(yi)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

【責(ze)任編輯：趙藝涵(han)】