發布時間：2015-09-29
進入(ru)(ru)新(xin)世(shi)紀特別是近10年(nian)來，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)走出了(le)一條立足國(guo)(guo)(guo)情(qing)、獨具特色的(de)(de)(de)路子(zi)，取得(de)了(le)舉世(shi)矚目的(de)(de)(de)成就：發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)模(mo)持(chi)續擴大(da)，2013年(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網總(zong)規(gui)模(mo)均居世(shi)界第一位；結構優化穩(wen)步推(tui)進，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)在(zai)終(zhong)端能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)從2000年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)14.8%提高(gao)到2013年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)22.6%，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)和核電(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)建(jian)規(gui)模(mo)均為(wei)世(shi)界第一，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)綠(lv)色發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成為(wei)主流(liu)；技(ji)術水平(ping)顯(xian)著(zhu)提升，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)超(chao)（超(chao)）臨界、大(da)型空冷燃(ran)煤機(ji)組、特高(gao)壓交流(liu)全套設(she)備(bei)、直流(liu)關鍵設(she)備(bei)和智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網技(ji)術均為(wei)世(shi)界領(ling)(ling)先；建(jian)設(she)實(shi)力(li)日益(yi)增(zeng)強(qiang)，通過一系列(lie)重(zhong)大(da)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)，實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)創造”和“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)引領(ling)(ling)”。今(jin)年(nian)6月13日，習近平(ping)同志在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央財經(jing)領(ling)(ling)導小(xiao)組第六(liu)次會議(yi)上強(qiang)調，保障國(guo)(guo)(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全，必須推(tui)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產和消費革命。在(zai)這一重(zhong)要精神(shen)指(zhi)導下，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工業將(jiang)進入(ru)(ru)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段。在(zai)保證(zheng)適度(du)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)模(mo)、速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)同時不斷提高(gao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平(ping)、質量(liang)，需(xu)要超(chao)前謀劃、深入(ru)(ru)研究、科學(xue)規(gui)劃、積極實(shi)踐。
以合(he)理(li)需求(qiu)引導(dao)(dao)供(gong)應(ying)，促進電力(li)(li)節能(neng)(neng)提效。目前(qian)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)單位GDP能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)相當于美國(guo)(guo)的2.3倍、日本的3.8倍，也高于巴西和墨西哥等發(fa)展中國(guo)(guo)家(jia)，反(fan)映我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展和能(neng)(neng)源消費方式仍然(ran)相對粗放。應(ying)充分(fen)發(fa)揮電力(li)(li)工業在經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展中的先行作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，以合(he)理(li)需求(qiu)引導(dao)(dao)供(gong)應(ying)，采用(yong)(yong)價(jia)格杠桿(gan)等手段抑制(zhi)不合(he)理(li)消費，建(jian)立提高能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)效率的倒逼機制(zhi)，努力(li)(li)實現以較(jiao)低的電力(li)(li)彈性系數支(zhi)持較(jiao)快的經(jing)(jing)濟增長(chang)。
優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)結(jie)構，實(shi)現(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石、非化(hua)(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并舉。立足我國(guo)國(guo)情，著眼可持(chi)(chi)續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，必須以水資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境承載(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)為硬約束(shu)，堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)非化(hua)(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)效清潔利用(yong)(yong)(yong)并舉，堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)清潔煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、生(sheng)(sheng)物質(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、垃圾發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)各類能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)協調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，提(ti)高(gao)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效率和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境效益。在(zai)(zai)非化(hua)(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域(yu)，應深(shen)入開(kai)展(zhan)西南水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)總體規劃(hua)研究和(he)(he)前期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，加快大(da)(da)中(zhong)型水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建(jian)設(she)(she)；堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)集中(zhong)式和(he)(he)分布(bu)式發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)并重，大(da)(da)力(li)推(tui)進(jin)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、送出(chu)、消納等(deng)相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)；在(zai)(zai)采取國(guo)際(ji)最高(gao)安全標準、確保安全的(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，啟動東部沿(yan)海地區(qu)新的(de)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目建(jian)設(she)(she)。在(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域(yu)，繼(ji)續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)燃煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)主力(li)軍作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，著力(li)提(ti)高(gao)大(da)(da)容(rong)量、高(gao)參(can)數、清潔化(hua)(hua)(hua)、低(di)排(pai)放(fang)的(de)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比重，促(cu)進(jin)煤(mei)(mei)炭高(gao)效、清潔利用(yong)(yong)(yong)；在(zai)(zai)京津冀魯(lu)、長三角、珠三角等(deng)大(da)(da)氣(qi)污染重點(dian)防控區(qu)，有序發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)天然氣(qi)調峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，結(jie)合熱(re)負荷需求適度發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)燃氣(qi)—蒸汽聯合循環(huan)(huan)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯產。在(zai)(zai)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域(yu)，積極配(pei)合大(da)(da)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地建(jian)設(she)(she)，推(tui)進(jin)遠距(ju)離大(da)(da)容(rong)量輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道建(jian)設(she)(she)，繼(ji)續(xu)推(tui)進(jin)特高(gao)壓(ya)交直流工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)。
加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)核心競爭力(li)。應以節(jie)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)效、清潔、環保(bao)、智能(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)重點，圍繞保(bao)障(zhang)安全(quan)、優化(hua)(hua)結構(gou)、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減排等長期目標(biao)，扎實(shi)推(tui)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)，打造我國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)升(sheng)級版。加快(kuai)超低排放、高(gao)度節(jie)水清潔煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)推(tui)廣應用，加強(qiang)700℃超超臨界、IGCC（整體煤氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)聯合循環）、燃(ran)機等技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)攻關和(he)(he)試驗(yan)示范。加快(kuai)第三代、第四代核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及相關技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)引進創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)和(he)(he)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)自主化(hua)(hua)。提高(gao)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站壩工技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平。提高(gao)特高(gao)壓交(jiao)直(zhi)流輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平。以滿(man)足新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)分布式發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并網要(yao)求、實(shi)現雙向(xiang)互動(dong)為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)目標(biao)，推(tui)進智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網關鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)試點示范。加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施建(jian)設(she)。努力(li)使(shi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)成為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)主動(dong)力(li)。
（本文章摘(zhai)自9月29日《人民(min)日報(bao)》，作者為國家電力規劃(hua)研究中(zhong)(zhong)心主任，中(zhong)(zhong)國能源建(jian)設集團有限公司董事長(chang)、黨委(wei)書記）