發布時間:2016-07-24






盡管入(ru)圍(wei)門檻提(ti)高(gao)至237.2億(yi)美元,但在(zai)最新(xin)出爐的(de)2015年(nian)《財(cai)富》世(shi)界(jie)500強排行榜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國上榜企(qi)業(ye)繼續(xu)保(bao)持強勁(jing)增(zeng)長態(tai)勢,比上年(nian)度增(zeng)加6家(jia),達(da)到106家(jia),上榜企(qi)業(ye)數量穩居世(shi)界(jie)第二。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國企(qi)業(ye)上榜數量不斷增(zeng)加,與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)在(zai)全球經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)地位與作用更加相稱(cheng)。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)持續(xu)健康發展,將有越來(lai)越多的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國企(qi)業(ye)站上世(shi)界(jie)舞臺。
在(zai)最新的《財(cai)富》世界500強(qiang)排(pai)行榜(bang)上(shang),中(zhong)國上(shang)榜(bang)公司(si)數量繼續增長,今年達(da)到106家(jia)。在(zai)全球(qiu)經濟復蘇乏力(li),各國企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)盈利(li)水平(ping)普遍降低之(zhi)際,中(zhong)國企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)整(zheng)體(ti)盈利(li)能(neng)力(li)相(xiang)對上(shang)升(sheng),特別是銀(yin)行、能(neng)源與(yu)通信(xin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。從行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分布(bu)看,中(zhong)國企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)全球(qiu)各個(ge)領域的競(jing)爭能(neng)力(li)也在(zai)穩步提升(sheng)。
據悉,《財(cai)富》世界500強排(pai)行榜(bang)今年的入圍門檻提高(gao)至237.2億(yi)美元(yuan)(yuan);總收(shou)入達31.2萬億(yi)美元(yuan)(yuan),比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年增長(chang)了(le)(le)0.49%;但總利潤比(bi)(bi)去(qu)年減少了(le)(le)14.76%,為(wei)1.67萬億(yi)美元(yuan)(yuan)。今年排(pai)名前三(san)的公司(si)依(yi)次為(wei):沃爾(er)瑪、中石(shi)化、殼牌(pai)石(shi)油。中石(shi)化在榜(bang)上(shang)排(pai)名比(bi)(bi)去(qu)年上(shang)升一(yi)位,排(pai)名超過殼牌(pai)石(shi)油,成為(wei)榜(bang)單(dan)亞(ya)軍。
如果按利(li)(li)潤將所有(you)上榜(bang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)從(cong)高(gao)到(dao)低排列,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工商銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)以447.6億美(mei)元的(de)(de)利(li)(li)潤成為(wei)今年世(shi)界500強利(li)(li)潤最高(gao)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)。其他進(jin)入(ru)盈利(li)(li)前50名的(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)還有(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建設銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)石油(you)天然(ran)氣集(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)開(kai)發銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)、交通銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)移(yi)動通信集(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電網公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、招商銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)、和(he)記黃埔有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)海洋石油(you)總公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、臺積(ji)電,總共12家(jia),占(zhan)(zhan)比24%。其中(zhong)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)與能源企業(ye)占(zhan)(zhan)絕對多數,主力軍多為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)企業(ye)。
在虧損(sun)最多的50家公司(si)(si)(si)中(zhong),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)企業占(zhan)(zhan)據(ju)14席,占(zhan)(zhan)比28%。按虧損(sun)數額從多到少依(yi)次為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)鋁(lv)業公司(si)(si)(si)、鞍鋼(gang)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)、臺灣(wan)中(zhong)油股份有限(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)、開灤集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、大(da)同煤礦集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)有限(xian)責(ze)任公司(si)(si)(si)、河(he)南(nan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)化工(gong)(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)五礦集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)、冀(ji)中(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、陜(shan)西(xi)煤業化工(gong)(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)機械工(gong)(gong)業集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)有限(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)、河(he)北鋼(gang)鐵集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)化工(gong)(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)、山東能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)有限(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)、潞安集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)。從行(xing)業看,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)礦業、煤業與全球能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)企業面臨(lin)同樣挑戰(zhan)。
榜上(shang)(shang)排(pai)(pai)名上(shang)(shang)升最(zui)快的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧集(ji)(ji)(ji)團有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si),排(pai)(pai)名從(cong)去年的(de)第(di)401位上(shang)(shang)升至(zhi)今(jin)年的(de)272位。其次是招商銀行,排(pai)(pai)名由第(di)350位上(shang)(shang)升至(zhi)235位。在新上(shang)(shang)榜與(yu)重(zhong)新上(shang)(shang)榜的(de)23家(jia)公(gong)(gong)司(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)獨占10家(jia),分(fen)別是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)鐵路(lu)工(gong)程總(zong)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、陜西煤業化(hua)工(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)光大(da)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團、仁寶電(dian)腦(nao)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)航天科技(ji)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)利集(ji)(ji)(ji)團、海航集(ji)(ji)(ji)團、友邦保(bao)(bao)險、國(guo)(guo)(guo)泰人壽保(bao)(bao)險股份有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、臺(tai)積電(dian)。陜西煤業化(hua)工(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)光大(da)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)航天科技(ji)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)利集(ji)(ji)(ji)團、海航集(ji)(ji)(ji)團等(deng)5家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內地公(gong)(gong)司(si)首次上(shang)(shang)榜。從(cong)排(pai)(pai)名上(shang)(shang)升與(yu)新入圍名單看,再(zai)次印(yin)證中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)金融企業的(de)整(zheng)體實力上(shang)(shang)升。
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)內地上(shang)榜(bang)的民(min)營企(qi)業中(zhong)(zhong),華為投(tou)資控股有限公司排(pai)名(ming)由去年的第285位(wei)上(shang)升(sheng)至第228位(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)生銀行排(pai)名(ming)上(shang)升(sheng)至第281位(wei)、浙江吉利控股集團(tuan)排(pai)名(ming)下降至第477位(wei)。民(min)營企(qi)業雖然入圍的數量有限,但從排(pai)名(ming)總體(ti)上(shang)升(sheng)看其競爭(zheng)力繼續(xu)呈現穩(wen)步增(zeng)強趨勢。解(jie)決(jue)就業能力是體(ti)現企(qi)業對經濟社會發展(zhan)整體(ti)貢獻的重要(yao)指標(biao)。在前50家員工人(ren)數最多的企(qi)業中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)企(qi)業獨占(zhan)17家,其中(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)石油天然氣集團(tuan)公司擁有員工163萬多名(ming),僅次于(yu)沃爾瑪的220萬人(ren),位(wei)居(ju)全球第二。
今年(nian)的(de)《財(cai)富》世界500強(qiang)入(ru)圍企(qi)業(ye)涉及63個行(xing)業(ye),主要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)銀行(xing)、能源、車輛與零部件、采礦、保險、百(bai)貨、電(dian)信(xin)、公用設(she)施、電(dian)子與電(dian)氣設(she)備、金屬產品、工程與建筑、貿易、航天與防務(wu)、制藥(yao)行(xing)業(ye)。中(zhong)國雖然在(zai)現代服(fu)務(wu)、高端制造等20個行(xing)業(ye)仍然缺位,與美國企(qi)業(ye)存在(zai)較大差距,但是(shi)近(jin)年(nian)來中(zhong)國企(qi)業(ye)的(de)上(shang)升勢頭(tou)強(qiang)勁(jing),與美國企(qi)業(ye)的(de)差距逐步縮小。
在2013年世(shi)界500強排行榜(bang)(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong),有95家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)國企(qi)業(ye)上榜(bang)(bang)(bang),2014年增(zeng)加到(dao)100家(jia),今年又(you)增(zeng)至(zhi)106家(jia)。中(zhong)(zhong)國企(qi)業(ye)在世(shi)界500強排行榜(bang)(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)第(di)二軍(jun)團(tuan)的(de)地位進(jin)一步穩固(gu)。雖(sui)然中(zhong)(zhong)國企(qi)業(ye)在世(shi)界500強排行榜(bang)(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)數(shu)量不斷(duan)攀升,企(qi)業(ye)平均收入和(he)資產(chan)的(de)數(shu)量大(da)幅增(zeng)長,但是(shi)體(ti)現企(qi)業(ye)競爭力的(de)關鍵(jian)數(shu)據,如企(qi)業(ye)人均利潤(run)與其他世(shi)界500強公司(si)相比仍然存在差距,需要更加重視發展質(zhi)量。
(本文章摘(zhai)自7月24日《經濟(ji)日報》,資料(liao)來源(yuan)為《財富(fu)》雜志(zhi))