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企(qi)業(ye)(ye)辦社會、包袱沉重的問(wen)題(ti)一(yi)直困擾著大量國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)有資(zi)產監督管理委員會副主任孟建民近日表示，要以更大力度、更實措施(shi)，在(zai)今年年底前基本完成全(quan)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)“三供(gong)一(yi)業(ye)(ye)”分(fen)離(li)移(yi)交，在(zai)2020年底前基本完成剝離(li)國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)辦社會職能和(he)解決(jue)歷史(shi)遺留問(wen)題(ti)這一(yi)國(guo)(guo)企(qi)改革(ge)重點任務(wu)。

“三(san)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)業(ye)”即國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)職(zhi)工家屬區供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱（供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)氣）及(ji)物業(ye)管理，其分離移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是剝離國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)辦社會職(zhi)能(neng)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)內容(rong)。這項改(gai)(gai)(gai)革于(yu)2016年(nian)啟(qi)動(dong)，目前各地(di)、各中央企(qi)業(ye)均制定(ding)了“三(san)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)業(ye)”分離移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施方案(an)。涉及(ji)的(de)333個(ge)城市出臺或明(ming)確了“三(san)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)業(ye)”維(wei)修改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)標(biao)準，基本實(shi)(shi)(shi)現了全覆蓋。截(jie)至2017年(nian)底(di)，“三(san)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)業(ye)”完成(cheng)分離移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或簽訂移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協議的(de)達到(dao)80%。國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)強調(diao)，移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)必須是真(zhen)移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。采(cai)取“先(xian)(xian)改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)后移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”模式的(de)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)加快(kuai)維(wei)修改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)工作進度，確保2018年(nian)底(di)前移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)管理服務(wu)(wu)職(zhi)能(neng)，并(bing)盡可(ke)能(neng)完成(cheng)資(zi)產(chan)劃(hua)轉(zhuan)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)“先(xian)(xian)移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)后改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)”方法(fa)的(de)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)2018年(nian)底(di)前完成(cheng)管理服務(wu)(wu)職(zhi)能(neng)移(yi)(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)資(zi)產(chan)劃(hua)轉(zhuan)，并(bing)按進度要(yao)(yao)(yao)求實(shi)(shi)(shi)施維(wei)修改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)。個(ge)別(bie)特殊情況(kuang)的(de)，也要(yao)(yao)(yao)做到(dao)2019年(nian)起(qi)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)不再以(yi)任何方式為“三(san)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)業(ye)”承擔相(xiang)關費用。

獨立工礦區辦社會(hui)職能分離移交、退(tui)休人員社會(hui)化管理、廠辦大(da)集(ji)體改革，是國(guo)企剝離辦社會(hui)改革的(de)三大(da)難點(dian)，今后如何推(tui)進？

國(guo)資委強(qiang)調，目前已(yi)經啟動試點(dian)的5個(ge)獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)石油(you)大(da)慶(qing)油(you)田(tian)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)石化勝(sheng)利油(you)田(tian)、東風汽車十堰基地(di)、河(he)北(bei)開灤集團古冶礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、陜西有色金堆城鉬(mu)業(ye)(ye)礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)要(yao)按照確定(ding)的思(si)路，力爭2018年上半年完(wan)成主體(ti)任務(wu)(wu)。各地(di)各中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)也(ye)要(yao)全面推進獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)剝離辦社會(hui)職能，同時完(wan)善服務(wu)(wu)網絡，將獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)納入服務(wu)(wu)范(fan)圍，主動提(ti)供基本(ben)公共(gong)管理服務(wu)(wu)。職工(gong)(gong)家(jia)屬區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)供電(dian)(dian)職能要(yao)交電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)承擔，大(da)型獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生活(huo)與生產供電(dian)(dian)相互交錯(cuo)、難以分割的，可(ke)無償移交電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，也(ye)可(ke)由電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)與獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)或地(di)方政府(fu)共(gong)同組建(jian)供電(dian)(dian)公司(si)，但要(yao)由電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)控股。

國企(qi)(qi)退(tui)(tui)休人員(yuan)社(she)會化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，已在上(shang)海、重(zhong)慶、大連、雞西、長沙5地(di)試點。國資委明確，有關中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)集團公司要指導(dao)所屬企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)主動參(can)與試點，盡快取得實質性進展。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)現有專用(yong)(yong)于退(tui)(tui)休人員(yuan)的服務(wu)場所、活動場所、設備設施等，無償劃轉地(di)方政府。中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)、地(di)方企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)退(tui)(tui)休人員(yuan)社(she)會化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)服務(wu)經費納入地(di)方財(cai)政預算管(guan)(guan)理(li)，通過統籌上(shang)級轉移支付和自有財(cai)力予以保障，國有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)不承擔移交(jiao)后(hou)的退(tui)(tui)休人員(yuan)社(she)會化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)服務(wu)費用(yong)(yong)。

廠辦(ban)大集(ji)體(ti)改(gai)革(ge)涉及企(qi)業2.2萬(wan)戶，分布(bu)在(zai)30個(ge)省（區(qu)、市），大集(ji)體(ti)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)總數364萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)，其中在(zai)職(zhi)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)254萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)，退休人(ren)(ren)員110萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)。目前全國已有(you)19個(ge)省份(fen)出臺了實施意見或改(gai)革(ge)方(fang)(fang)案，黑龍江、云南、上海基本完(wan)成了地(di)方(fang)(fang)國有(you)企(qi)業廠辦(ban)大集(ji)體(ti)改(gai)革(ge)工(gong)(gong)作。截至2017年底，全國共完(wan)成廠辦(ban)大集(ji)體(ti)改(gai)革(ge)6207戶，占總戶數的(de)27.55%，安置在(zai)職(zhi)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)62萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)，占在(zai)職(zhi)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)總數的(de)24.9%。孟(meng)建民表示，有(you)關地(di)方(fang)(fang)要進(jin)一步加強調(diao)研，優先(xian)解決(jue)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)養老(lao)保險、醫療保險等社(she)會(hui)保障問題，在(zai)廠辦(ban)大集(ji)體(ti)資產和補(bu)(bu)助資金可能范圍(wei)內，協(xie)商妥善處理經濟補(bu)(bu)償金及其他(ta)拖欠職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)債(zhai)務(wu)。今年將加大力度，穩妥推進(jin)廠辦(ban)大集(ji)體(ti)改(gai)革(ge)，特別是在(zai)遼寧、吉林等重點(dian)省份(fen)要努力取(qu)得新(xin)突破。地(di)方(fang)(fang)尚未(wei)啟動的(de)，具備條件的(de)中央企(qi)業可在(zai)地(di)方(fang)(fang)政府支(zhi)持下(xia)先(xian)行推進(jin)廠辦(ban)大集(ji)體(ti)改(gai)革(ge)。（記者 白天(tian)亮）

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