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編者按：2018中國國際大數據產業博覽會已圓滿閉幕，本屆數博會的主題是“數化萬物 智在融合”。中國航天科工集團有限公司黨組書記、董事長高紅衛在數博會“工業互聯網”高端對話中，發表題為“走中國特色工業互聯網道路”的專題演講。

中國航天科工集團有限公司黨組書記、董事長高紅衛

經過200多年工業(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洗禮，人(ren)類先后經歷(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)蒸汽機革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)，發明了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)火車、鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)；經歷(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)內燃機革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)，發明了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)汽車、公路(lu)(lu)(lu)、船(chuan)舶、航運等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)；經歷(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)子技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)，發明了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)報、電(dian)(dian)話、電(dian)(dian)視(shi)、雷達等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，因為無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)子技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣泛使用(yong)，催(cui)(cui)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)真(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)子管和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)子元器件技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。第(di)二次(ci)世界大(da)戰(zhan)以及冷戰(zhan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)空(kong)競賽，推動了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)軍事技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)太(tai)空(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)；軍事技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)太(tai)空(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)催(cui)(cui)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)半導體(ti)和(he)(he)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)。由于半導體(ti)和(he)(he)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)，又催(cui)(cui)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)型(xing)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機、個人(ren)電(dian)(dian)腦和(he)(he)個人(ren)通信(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)。大(da)型(xing)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機、個人(ren)電(dian)(dian)腦和(he)(he)個人(ren)通信(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)自然地催(cui)(cui)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)移動互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)。當前，互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)移動互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)正在催(cui)(cui)生(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)球(qiu)消(xiao)費(fei)方(fang)式（包括個人(ren)消(xiao)費(fei)與(yu)(yu)公共(gong)消(xiao)費(fei)）與(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產方(fang)式（包括制造(zao)(zao)類和(he)(he)非制造(zao)(zao)類）兩大(da)社會領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)。

各類(lei)(lei)(lei)電子商務(wu)平臺(tai)是(shi)個人消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)方式(shi)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)的基(ji)(ji)礎，各類(lei)(lei)(lei)公共服務(wu)平臺(tai)是(shi)公共消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)方式(shi)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)的基(ji)(ji)礎，各類(lei)(lei)(lei)工業(ye)互聯網平臺(tai)是(shi)制造類(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)產方式(shi)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)的基(ji)(ji)礎，非制造類(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)產方式(shi)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)的平臺(tai)是(shi)非制造類(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)產方式(shi)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)的基(ji)(ji)礎（比如，各類(lei)(lei)(lei)精神文(wen)明產品的創造等，非制造類(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)產方式(shi)和平臺(tai)尚(shang)在孕(yun)育之中）。這四(si)種(zhong)平臺(tai)技術的發育成熟和普(pu)遍(bian)運(yun)用，將(jiang)宣(xuan)告工業(ye)文(wen)明時代逐漸淡出歷史，而信息文(wen)明時代逐漸拉(la)開(kai)大(da)幕。

由(you)于(yu)歷史的(de)(de)原因，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)幾(ji)乎錯過了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)業革命(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)來所有(you)的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)。新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立后，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)搭上了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)業革命(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)末班車，并且勇敢地乘上了(le)(le)(le)互聯網革命(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)快(kuai)車，而且還通(tong)過自身努力坐進了(le)(le)(le)移(yi)動互聯網革命(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)頭等艙。每次(ci)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)浪潮都是以(yi)之前(qian)的(de)(de)若干次(ci)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)基礎(chu)，當前(qian)工(gong)業化(hua)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)競爭優勢都是建立在(zai)前(qian)面(mian)幾(ji)場技術(shu)(shu)(shu)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)基礎(chu)上的(de)(de)。如果(guo)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家長期采用追趕戰略，那么(me)永遠只能跟(gen)在(zai)發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家后面(mian)亦步亦趨(qu)，難以(yi)將發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)主動權掌握在(zai)自己手上。比如，如果(guo)美國(guo)(guo)及其盟友(you)對中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)實行(xing)(xing)最(zui)嚴格的(de)(de)禁運(yun)，那么(me)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)相當多的(de)(de)新興行(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)耀(yao)眼(yan)光芒就(jiu)會黯(an)然失色，因為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)沒有(you)扎實地走完這些行(xing)(xing)業基礎(chu)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)核心產品革命(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)完整歷程，在(zai)不可替代(dai)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵領域(yu)沒有(you)拿得(de)出手的(de)(de)產品和技術(shu)(shu)(shu)。

這就決定了我國的現(xian)代化強(qiang)國之(zhi)路注定不(bu)是尋常路，必須根據本國國情和(he)時代潮流(liu)大趨勢作出科(ke)學判(pan)斷，走出一(yi)條與發達(da)國家殊途同歸的發展(zhan)之(zhi)路。

在(zai)工業(ye)互聯網領域(yu)，有三條(tiao)道路(lu)可供選擇：第一種(zhong)(zhong)，以完(wan)善的(de)CPS為基(ji)礎，逐步向上(shang)延伸到智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)生產線、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)車間、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)工廠(chang)，通過(guo)打(da)造(zao)(zao)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)平臺向著工業(ye)4.0的(de)目標前進(jin)（簡(jian)稱(cheng)為德(de)(de)國模式）；這種(zhong)(zhong)模式發展(zhan)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)將是“自(zi)下(xia)而上(shang)遞進(jin)上(shang)升(sheng)”，最終實(shi)(shi)現兼(jian)容(rong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、協(xie)(xie)同制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、云(yun)(yun)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)三種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)態的(de)目標。第二種(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)基(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現智能(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)的(de)協(xie)(xie)作配套企業(ye)之間，以線下(xia)全(quan)球(qiu)配套、全(quan)球(qiu)協(xie)(xie)同制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)分(fen)工布(bu)局為基(ji)礎，打(da)造(zao)(zao)全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)的(de)協(xie)(xie)同制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)與協(xie)(xie)同售后服務平臺，繼續保(bao)持全(quan)球(qiu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)垂直分(fen)工體系的(de)主導地位（簡(jian)稱(cheng)為美國模式）；這種(zhong)(zhong)模式發展(zhan)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)將是“抓(zhua)中間帶(dai)兩頭”，最終實(shi)(shi)現兼(jian)容(rong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、協(xie)(xie)同制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、云(yun)(yun)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)三種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)態的(de)目標。第三種(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)絕大部(bu)分(fen)企業(ye)不具備智能(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，企業(ye)的(de)運(yun)營流(liu)程(cheng)尚(shang)未完(wan)成信息(xi)化(hua)改造(zao)(zao)，且短時(shi)間內不可能(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)成智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)改造(zao)(zao)和企業(ye)流(liu)程(cheng)信息(xi)化(hua)改造(zao)(zao)的(de)前提下(xia)，我國的(de)工業(ye)互聯網如果(guo)(guo)照搬德(de)(de)國模式或者美國模式，必然文不對(dui)題(ti)。

航天(tian)云(yun)網從(cong)設立之初就確定了如下發展(zhan)路徑(jing)：搭建工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)領域的(de)(de)(de)云(yun)平臺(tai)，從(cong)打造(zao)(zao)云(yun)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)產業(ye)(ye)集(ji)群生態(tai)起步，先(xian)把(ba)分(fen)散(san)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國各(ge)個(ge)(ge)角落市場主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)配(pei)置與業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流程(cheng)優化工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)放(fang)在(zai)中心(xin)地位，從(cong)省錢(qian)(qian)、賺(zhuan)錢(qian)(qian)、生錢(qian)(qian)三個(ge)(ge)層次逐步遞(di)進(jin)，配(pei)合中國工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)逐步轉型(xing)，沿(yan)著“自(zi)上而下逐步深化”的(de)(de)(de)路徑(jing)，最終實現從(cong)云(yun)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)到(dao)(dao)協(xie)同(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、從(cong)協(xie)同(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)到(dao)(dao)智能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)逆襲，實現與德國模式、美國模式殊途(tu)同(tong)歸的(de)(de)(de)目標。航天(tian)云(yun)網作(zuo)(zuo)為全(quan)(quan)球首批工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)互(hu)聯網平臺(tai)上線近3年來，始終堅持這一發展(zhan)理(li)念(nian)，交出了一份令人欣慰的(de)(de)(de)答卷，初步驗(yan)證了具有中國特(te)色“自(zi)上而下逐步深化”工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)互(hu)聯網發展(zhan)路徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)科學性(xing)(xing)、合理(li)性(xing)(xing)。

航天云網(wang)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)INDICS+CMSS（工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)空間Industrial Internet Cloud Space+云制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)系統(tong) Cloud Manufacturing Support System）搭配，目標是構建和(he)涵養以工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)為(wei)(wei)基礎的云制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群(qun)生(sheng)態(tai)，兼容智(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、協(xie)同(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)和(he)云制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)三(san)種現代制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)形態(tai)，運用(yong)大數據和(he)人工智(zhi)能(neng)技術(shu)以及第三(san)方商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)金融資源，服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)于制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模式創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)和(he)管理(li)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)。其(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)在(zai)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)驅動(dong)(dong)力(li)為(wei)(wei)“3M”（省錢(qian)(qian) to save money、賺錢(qian)(qian)to get money、生(sheng)錢(qian)(qian) to make money）;其(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)在(zai)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)邏輯是促進技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模式創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管理(li)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)關聯(lian)互動(dong)(dong)，推動(dong)(dong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)升級。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，CMSS主要包括(kuo)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品(pin)營(ying)銷(xiao)與(yu)采(cai)(cai)購全流程服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)系統(tong)、制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)能(neng)力(li)與(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外協(xie)與(yu)協(xie)外全流程服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)系統(tong)、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間協(xie)同(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)全流程支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)系統(tong)、項目級和(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)級智(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)全流程支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)系統(tong)等四個方面，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)“一腦一艙兩室(shi)(shi)”（企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大腦、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)駕駛艙、云端(duan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)室(shi)(shi)、云端(duan)應用(yong)工作(zuo)室(shi)(shi)）的業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)界面提(ti)(ti)供(gong)用(yong)戶服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大腦為(wei)(wei)科(ke)學決(jue)策層提(ti)(ti)供(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐和(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)駕駛艙為(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)層管理(li)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，云端(duan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)室(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)產(chan)(chan)供(gong)銷(xiao)集群(qun)化業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及周邊業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐，云端(duan)應用(yong)工作(zuo)室(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)定(ding)制(zhi)(zhi)、設計、研發(fa)、試驗及售(shou)后技術(shu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐。

目前航天(tian)(tian)云(yun)(yun)網云(yun)(yun)端注冊企業近(jin)(jin)165萬(wan)(wan)戶，發布協作(zuo)與(yu)采(cai)購需求超過13萬(wan)(wan)條，金額近(jin)(jin)4000億元(yuan)；協作(zuo)與(yu)采(cai)購云(yun)(yun)端成交近(jin)(jin)76000筆，共計1920億元(yuan)，50%以上業務規(gui)模(mo)小于(yu)2.25萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)，80%的業務規(gui)模(mo)小于(yu)100萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)；近(jin)(jin)80萬(wan)(wan)臺設備接入云(yun)(yun)平臺，近(jin)(jin)20萬(wan)(wan)臺設備在線。航天(tian)(tian)云(yun)(yun)網APP以CMSS（云(yun)(yun)制(zhi)造支持(chi)系(xi)統）為載體，全(quan)(quan)(quan)面支撐智能制(zhi)造、協同制(zhi)造、云(yun)(yun)制(zhi)造三(san)類制(zhi)造，可面向(xiang)制(zhi)造全(quan)(quan)(quan)產(chan)業鏈(lian)提供生(sheng)產(chan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)要素、全(quan)(quan)(quan)流程(cheng)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)命(ming)周期的APP支持(chi)，提供各類工業服務和解決方案(an)。目前，航天(tian)(tian)云(yun)(yun)網APP總(zong)數為1526個。

樣本企(qi)(qi)業(ye)數據表明，160余萬(wan)個注冊用戶(hu)總經(jing)營規(gui)(gui)模約10萬(wan)億元，平(ping)均(jun)經(jing)營規(gui)(gui)模625萬(wan)元。注冊用戶(hu)85%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)屬(shu)于小(xiao)微企(qi)(qi)業(ye)（35%+50%）。目前(qian)已有1萬(wan)多家企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)云端配套(tao)協(xie)作成(cheng)功(gong)，平(ping)均(jun)每家企(qi)(qi)業(ye)約7單(dan)。以(yi)每單(dan)典型(xing)業(ye)務規(gui)(gui)模2.25萬(wan)元考慮，意味著小(xiao)型(xing)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)每年(nian)云端配套(tao)協(xie)作成(cheng)交(jiao)360筆以(yi)上(shang)(shang)（平(ping)均(jun)每天成(cheng)交(jiao)1單(dan)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)），就可(ke)以(yi)發展壯大。另(ling)外(wai)，如(ru)果企(qi)(qi)業(ye)利(li)用云端協(xie)作方式增加(jia)(jia)業(ye)務量，將設備開(kai)工率從50%左右提升到85%左右，無需增加(jia)(jia)投資，就可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)云端企(qi)(qi)業(ye)增加(jia)(jia)30%左右收(shou)入。

【責(ze)任編輯：李巨(ju)堯】