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隨著大(da)型(xing)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)型(xing)公共建(jian)(jian)筑和(he)(he)超高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)大(da)量建(jian)(jian)設(she)，建(jian)(jian)筑基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)深度、開挖面積大(da)幅(fu)增(zeng)加，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)周邊環(huan)境(jing)復(fu)(fu)雜(za)(za)度顯著增(zeng)高(gao)，基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)事故頻(pin)繁發(fa)生(sheng)，引發(fa)道路沉降(jiang)(jiang)、地(di)下(xia)管線破壞等，嚴(yan)重影(ying)響施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全和(he)(he)地(di)下(xia)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)運營。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中抽降(jiang)(jiang)承壓水，還導致地(di)下(xia)水大(da)量損耗和(he)(he)地(di)下(xia)水位(wei)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。目前，傳統的(de)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)理論已不能(neng)滿足復(fu)(fu)雜(za)(za)環(huan)境(jing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)安全控(kong)制和(he)(he)節材(cai)降(jiang)(jiang)耗需求，業界急需對大(da)型(xing)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)精細控(kong)制的(de)方法和(he)(he)成套技術。

中國建筑(zhu)與有關高校合作，歷時十(shi)多年攻關，取得重大(da)(da)創新(xin)成(cheng)果。一是揭示(shi)基坑(keng)施工(gong)階段引(yin)起(qi)變(bian)形的規(gui)律，提出防連續破壞設(she)計理(li)論和(he)(he)精細控制方(fang)法(fa)(fa)；二是提出大(da)(da)面積基坑(keng)無支撐多級支護設(she)計方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，建立多種新(xin)型(xing)支護技術；三是研(yan)發首套基坑(keng)抽灌一體(ti)化裝置和(he)(he)地(di)下水(shui)回灌成(cheng)套裝置，解決施工(gong)回灌過程耗(hao)水(shui)量大(da)(da)、造成(cheng)地(di)下水(shui)資源損耗(hao)、引(yin)起(qi)附加(jia)沉降等難題。

該(gai)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)授權發(fa)明專(zhuan)利(li)7項，制(zhi)訂國(guo)家級工(gong)法(fa)3項和省部(bu)級工(gong)法(fa)10項，編制(zhi)國(guo)家及(ji)地(di)方(fang)(fang)施工(gong)規(gui)范5部(bu)，出版中英文專(zhuan)著(zhu)、手冊等7部(bu)。經教(jiao)育部(bu)組(zu)織的專(zhuan)家組(zu)鑒(jian)定(ding)，該(gai)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)首(shou)次將冗余度概念(nian)引入基(ji)坑(keng)工(gong)程設計，建立了(le)(le)基(ji)坑(keng)工(gong)程冗余度設計方(fang)(fang)法(fa)和控制(zhi)技術(shu)，發(fa)展(zhan)了(le)(le)深大基(ji)坑(keng)無(wu)支撐支護技術(shu)，形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)濱(bin)海(hai)地(di)區承壓含(han)水層(ceng)的成(cheng)(cheng)套回灌技術(shu)，取得了(le)(le)顯著(zhu)的社會和經濟效益，具有廣闊的工(gong)程應用前景(jing)，研究成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)整體達到國(guo)際領先水平。

附圖：深大長基坑施工現場

該成(cheng)果(guo)已(yi)成(cheng)功應用(yong)于15個省區市的70多項大(da)型工(gong)(gong)程，顯著降(jiang)低(di)(di)了基(ji)坑工(gong)(gong)程造價，大(da)量節(jie)省建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程支(zhi)出，取得(de)良好的經(jing)濟效益。該成(cheng)果(guo)的推廣(guang)應用(yong)能大(da)幅降(jiang)低(di)(di)基(ji)坑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)對周(zhou)邊(bian)環(huan)境的影(ying)響，減(jian)少(shao)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)資源損耗，對于提高建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程的環(huan)境保護(hu)水(shui)平和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全水(shui)平具(ju)有重要意義。