文(wen)章來源：財(cai)管運行局 發布時間：2021-01-20
近日，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院國(guo)(guo)資(zi)委印(yin)發(fa)了《關于切(qie)實加(jia)強金(jin)融衍生業務(wu)(wu)(wu)管理有關事項的通知(zhi)(zhi)》（國(guo)(guo)資(zi)發(fa)財評(ping)規〔2020〕8號(hao)，以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)《通知(zhi)(zhi)》）,對(dui)原有金(jin)融衍生業務(wu)(wu)(wu)監管制度進(jin)行(xing)了整合(he)、修訂。《通知(zhi)(zhi)》出臺后，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院國(guo)(guo)資(zi)委有關負(fu)責人接受了記(ji)者采訪。
1.問：請介紹一下《通知》出臺的背景。
答：金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)大(da)型企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)價(jia)格風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的常用(yong)手(shou)段，可有(you)效對沖現(xian)貨(huo)價(jia)格波(bo)(bo)動風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)，促進(jin)(jin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)穩運(yun)行。但金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)本(ben)身也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)把“雙刃劍”，具有(you)高杠桿性、高風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)性和復(fu)雜(za)性，如管(guan)(guan)(guan)控不(bu)(bu)當，易發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)損失風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)。為指(zhi)導企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)強金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控，國資(zi)委先后印發(fa)(fa)了《關(guan)于進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)強中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的通(tong)知》(國資(zi)發(fa)(fa)評價(jia)〔2009〕19號)、《關(guan)于建立中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臨時(shi)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機制的通(tong)知》(國資(zi)發(fa)(fa)評價(jia)〔2010〕187號)、《關(guan)于取消中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)境(jing)外商(shang)品衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)核準(zhun)事項的通(tong)知》（國資(zi)發(fa)(fa)評價(jia)〔2015〕42號），構建了中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制度(du)(du)框(kuang)架(jia)體(ti)系。多(duo)年來，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)按照監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)要求(qiu)，審慎開展業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，有(you)效管(guan)(guan)(guan)控風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)，業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總體(ti)運(yun)行平(ping)穩。但監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)，有(you)部分(fen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存在集團管(guan)(guan)(guan)控不(bu)(bu)到位、業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)審批(pi)不(bu)(bu)嚴格、操作程序不(bu)(bu)規范、激勵趨向投機以及業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)報告不(bu)(bu)及時(shi)、不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)確等問題。同時(shi)，隨著近年來中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)快“走出(chu)去”步伐，積(ji)極拓展國際業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，運(yun)用(yong)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)工具對沖大(da)宗商(shang)品價(jia)格、利率(lv)、匯率(lv)波(bo)(bo)動風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的需求(qiu)增多(duo)，開展金融(rong)(rong)(rong)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)出(chu)現(xian)一(yi)些(xie)新情況、新變化，現(xian)行監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制度(du)(du)已不(bu)(bu)能充分(fen)滿(man)足企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實際業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)需要。
貫徹(che)落實十九屆(jie)四中(zhong)(zhong)全會關于(yu)“增強(qiang)國有經濟抗風險(xian)能力(li)”的(de)精神，為進一(yi)步指導中(zhong)(zhong)央企業規范開展金融衍(yan)生業務(wu)，在發揮(hui)其功能作(zuo)用的(de)同時，切實有效管控(kong)風險(xian)，國資(zi)委在廣泛征求中(zhong)(zhong)央企業和有關監(jian)管部門(men)意見的(de)基礎上(shang)，對監(jian)管制(zhi)度進行了整合、修訂(ding)，研(yan)究制(zhi)定了《通知》，經由國資(zi)委黨委會議審議通過后印發中(zhong)(zhong)央企業執行。
2.問：制定《通知》的主要原則是什么？
答：總(zong)體原則(ze)是，堅持從(cong)嚴(yan)(yan)管控，堅持套(tao)期保值，堅持風(feng)險可控，嚴(yan)(yan)把“入口關”、“規模關”、“操(cao)作(zuo)關”，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步明(ming)確各級主體責任，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步明(ming)晰(xi)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)原則(ze)，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步規范操(cao)作(zuo)流程，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步加強監督(du)檢查，指導(dao)企業(ye)建立“嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)管控、規范操(cao)作(zuo)、風(feng)險可控”的金(jin)融(rong)衍生業(ye)務(wu)(wu)監管體系(xi)，切實發揮好金(jin)融(rong)衍生業(ye)務(wu)(wu)促進(jin)(jin)企業(ye)平穩運行的作(zuo)用。
在《通(tong)知》起草過程中，注重與原制(zhi)度相銜(xian)接，實(shi)現平穩過渡；注重以問(wen)題和風(feng)險(xian)為導向，解決企業(ye)實(shi)踐中存在的(de)(de)突出問(wen)題，補足(zu)制(zhi)度短板；注重立足(zu)企業(ye)實(shi)際，充分吸收(shou)企業(ye)好(hao)的(de)(de)做法(fa)和管理經驗，提煉為制(zhi)度規定，力求指導性(xing)、可操作性(xing)強(qiang)。
3.問：《通知》主要在哪些方面進行了修訂？
答：《通知》包括六個部分內容，覆蓋事前、事中和事后的關鍵環節(jie)。較原有制度的變(bian)化主(zhu)要體現(xian)在以下幾個方面。
一是落實各主(zhu)體(ti)管(guan)控責任。進一步明確集團董事會、集團管(guan)理層(ceng)及集團職(zhi)(zhi)能部門、操作主(zhu)體(ti)的職(zhi)(zhi)責，建立(li)健全三級管(guan)理體(ti)系，嚴格業務管(guan)控。
二是強化套(tao)期(qi)保值(zhi)原(yuan)則。在堅持(chi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)品種(zhong)與主(zhu)業相關(guan)、交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)時間、規模、方向(xiang)與實(shi)(shi)貨匹配等要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，進一步強調套(tao)期(qi)保值(zhi)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)質和(he)原(yuan)則，即以降低實(shi)(shi)貨風(feng)險敞口(kou)為(wei)目(mu)的(de)(de)，禁止投(tou)機(ji)(ji)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)；通(tong)過(guo)(guo)增加總量和(he)時點規模雙管控，嚴防超(chao)規模交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)；通(tong)過(guo)(guo)要(yao)求(qiu)建立科學的(de)(de)激勵約束和(he)業務(wu)效(xiao)果綜合評(ping)判機(ji)(ji)制，防止片面追求(qiu)金融衍生業務(wu)單邊(bian)盈(ying)利導致投(tou)機(ji)(ji)行為(wei)。
三(san)是(shi)實(shi)施(shi)分(fen)類管控。針對貨幣類、商品類衍生(sheng)業(ye)務的不同特點和風險程(cheng)度(du)，在業(ye)務規模、崗位(wei)設置(zhi)、信息系統等(deng)方面區(qu)別(bie)對待，即體(ti)現從嚴監(jian)管，又貼合(he)企業(ye)實(shi)際。
四(si)是細化(hua)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)要(yao)(yao)求。在(zai)監控(kong)手段上(shang)，增加有關(guan)建立信息系統的(de)要(yao)(yao)求，實現(xian)在(zai)線監測，固化(hua)制(zhi)度規定(ding)；在(zai)風險(xian)(xian)預(yu)警上(shang)，提出采用定(ding)量及定(ding)性方法(fa)及時識(shi)別各類風險(xian)(xian)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求；在(zai)應急處理上(shang)，明確處理要(yao)(yao)求，妥善做好應對。
五是嚴控(kong)操(cao)作關鍵節(jie)點。堅持前中(zhong)后臺分離原則，嚴格(ge)合規(gui)(gui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理；強調(diao)授權審批要求，嚴防(fang)越權違規(gui)(gui)操(cao)作；增(zeng)加保證(zheng)金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)要求，規(gui)(gui)范(fan)資金(jin)使(shi)用(yong)，防(fang)范(fan)資金(jin)風(feng)險(xian)；建立風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理日(ri)報告、部門月核對、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理層(ceng)季溝通機(ji)制，加強業務動(dong)態(tai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理。
六是強化監督檢查。對審(shen)計監督的(de)(de)原則(ze)性要(yao)求進行(xing)細(xi)化，明(ming)確集團歸口管理部(bu)門和(he)內審(shen)部(bu)門的(de)(de)監督檢查責(ze)任和(he)側重點，嚴(yan)防違規事項，確保制度落(luo)實。
4.問：國資委將采取哪些監管措施？
答：國(guo)資(zi)委的監管(guan)(guan)(guan)仍然聚(ju)焦在(zai)事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)跟蹤監測與事(shi)(shi)后監督檢(jian)查(cha)，督促企(qi)業(ye)(ye)加強風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控。一是在(zai)日常工作(zuo)中(zhong)，建立定(ding)期報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)制度，要求(qiu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)按季、按年報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)業(ye)(ye)務開(kai)展(zhan)情況，對(dui)于(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)大事(shi)(shi)項，要求(qiu)24小(xiao)時內(nei)專項報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)。二(er)是嚴(yan)肅問責追責，對(dui)于(yu)發生重(zhong)(zhong)大損失風險、造成(cheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)影響(xiang)等問題的，將在(zai)業(ye)(ye)績(ji)考核中(zhong)予以扣分或降級處理，并(bing)根據干部(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理權限開(kai)展(zhan)責任追究。三是會同有關部(bu)門，通(tong)過(guo)定(ding)期會商(shang)、信息共享、聯合檢(jian)查(cha)等方式，形成(cheng)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)合力(li)，提升監管(guan)(guan)(guan)專業(ye)(ye)性。
5.問:國資委對抓好《通知》的落實有什么具體工作安排？
答:《通(tong)(tong)知》下(xia)發后(hou),國(guo)資(zi)委將(jiang)對(dui)中央企業和地方國(guo)資(zi)監管部門進行(xing)培訓，就修訂的(de)重點內容進行(xing)講(jiang)解(jie)(jie)和說(shuo)明(ming)，幫助準確理解(jie)(jie)和把(ba)握《通(tong)(tong)知》的(de)內容和要求。做好(hao)日常對(dui)口指導，答疑解(jie)(jie)惑，及時幫助解(jie)(jie)決工(gong)作中遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)困(kun)難和問題。加強對(dui)《通(tong)(tong)知》執行(xing)情況(kuang)的(de)跟蹤評測，督(du)促企業切實(shi)(shi)將(jiang)《通(tong)(tong)知》要求落實(shi)(shi)到(dao)位。