文章來源：考核(he)分配局(ju) 發(fa)布時(shi)間(jian)：2020-01-16
近日(ri)，國(guo)(guo)務院國(guo)(guo)資委發布(bu)了《中(zhong)央企業工(gong)資總額管(guan)理辦法》（國(guo)(guo)資委令第39號，以(yi)下(xia)簡稱《辦法》）。《辦法》出臺后，國(guo)(guo)務院國(guo)(guo)資委有關負(fu)責同志接受(shou)了記者采(cai)訪(fang)。
問：請介紹《辦法》的起草(cao)背景(jing)。
答：中央企業工資(zi)總額管理是(shi)調節國家、企業、職工三者利益關(guan)系的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)方式(shi)，也是(shi)國資(zi)委依法(fa)履行(xing)出資(zi)人職責的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)手(shou)段，一直以來，在推動中央企業改革發展、確(que)保(bao)國有(you)資(zi)產(chan)保(bao)值增(zeng)值方面發揮了重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用，同時，工資(zi)總額管理又是(shi)關(guan)乎民生福祉的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容，涉及中央企業廣大干部職工的(de)(de)切身利益，歷來受到(dao)各方面的(de)(de)高度關(guan)注。
國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委成立以來，對完善工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)做(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)積極有效探索，總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)上分(fen)為(wei)三(san)個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。第(di)一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)承接(jie)起(qi)步期，從2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委在(zai)依法承接(jie)原勞(lao)動保障部門對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)監管(guan)職(zhi)能的(de)基(ji)礎上，從出(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)的(de)角度(du)，持續(xu)(xu)對工(gong)(gong)效掛鉤管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)辦法進(jin)行改(gai)革(ge)(ge)和(he)完善，初步構建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)對企(qi)(qi)業的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)調控體(ti)系，在(zai)促進(jin)企(qi)(qi)業經濟效益(yi)高速增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的(de)同時，保障了(le)(le)(le)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)較快(kuai)提高。第(di)二(er)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)是(shi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)突(tu)破(po)期，重(zhong)點(dian)是(shi)探索和(he)建(jian)立工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委在(zai)部分(fen)重(zhong)點(dian)行業啟動了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)試點(dian)，著手建(jian)立工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體(ti)系，2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)先后(hou)(hou)印發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)暫行辦法》和(he)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)暫行辦法實(shi)施細則(ze)》，2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)全(quan)(quan)覆蓋。這個時期的(de)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)突(tu)破(po)，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業構建(jian)起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)既符合(he)現(xian)代(dai)企(qi)(qi)業制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，又與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業實(shi)際相結合(he)的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體(ti)系，也為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業全(quan)(quan)面(mian)實(shi)行工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)提供了(le)(le)(le)可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)推廣的(de)經驗(yan)和(he)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)藍本。2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)深化(hua)國(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)大(da)背景下(xia)，工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)進(jin)入(ru)第(di)三(san)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，即持續(xu)(xu)深化(hua)期，重(zhong)點(dian)以分(fen)類(lei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)為(wei)手段(duan)(duan)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)備(bei)案制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周期制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)特別獎勵(li)等一系列政策措施，進(jin)一步增(zeng)(zeng)強了(le)(le)(le)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)配調控的(de)針對性和(he)有效性，在(zai)經濟發(fa)展新常(chang)態(tai)下(xia)，發(fa)揮了(le)(le)(le)助(zhu)力中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業穩增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)、激(ji)發(fa)和(he)調動企(qi)(qi)業干(gan)部職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)積極性的(de)重(zhong)要作用。
黨(dang)的(de)十九大站(zhan)在新的(de)歷史起點上，明(ming)確我國(guo)(guo)經濟(ji)已經由高速增長(chang)階段轉向(xiang)高質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段，作出了(le)(le)貫(guan)徹新發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理(li)念、實現高質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)部(bu)(bu)署，提(ti)出了(le)(le)培育具有全球(qiu)競爭力的(de)世界一流企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)目標(biao)。按照黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)決(jue)策(ce)部(bu)(bu)署，以(yi)及《中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang) 國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)深化國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改革(ge)的(de)指導意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》（中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)〔2015〕22號(hao)，以(yi)下(xia)(xia)簡稱中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)22號(hao)文件(jian)）提(ti)出的(de)“建(jian)立健全與勞(lao)動力市場基本適應(ying)、與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益和(he)勞(lao)動生產率掛鉤的(de)工(gong)資(zi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)和(he)正常增長(chang)機制(zhi)”，即“一適應(ying)、兩掛鉤”的(de)總(zong)(zong)要(yao)求，人力資(zi)源社會保障部(bu)(bu)、財政部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)(guo)資(zi)委(wei)共同(tong)研究起草《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)改革(ge)國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)機制(zhi)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》（以(yi)下(xia)(xia)簡稱《意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》），2018年5月，《意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》經由中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)全面(mian)(mian)深化改革(ge)委(wei)員(yuan)會第(di)一次會議(yi)審(shen)議(yi)通過，國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)正式印發(fa)(fa)。國(guo)(guo)資(zi)委(wei)作為共同(tong)牽頭(tou)單位，在積極參(can)與《意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作的(de)同(tong)時，根據《意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》精神，結合中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)實際情況(kuang)，對中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)管理(li)制(zhi)度體(ti)系進行全面(mian)(mian)修(xiu)訂完善(shan)，同(tong)步制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)《辦(ban)法》。
作為《意(yi)見》在中央(yang)企(qi)業落(luo)地落(luo)實的配套文(wen)件制度(du)，在近(jin)兩年(nian)的起草制定過程中，國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)(wei)廣(guang)泛征求了各(ge)有(you)關部(bu)門、地方國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)(wei)以及全部(bu)中央(yang)企(qi)業意(yi)見，期間數易其稿，最(zui)終由國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)(wei)黨委(wei)(wei)會和主任(ren)辦公會審議通過，以國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)(wei)令(ling)的形式(shi)正式(shi)公布(bu)。
問(wen)：制定(ding)《辦法》的(de)主要目的(de)和意義是什么。
答：《辦法(fa)》是(shi)國資(zi)委首次以委令(ling)形(xing)式公開發布的中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總額管(guan)理制度文件，充分(fen)體現(xian)了國資(zi)委對這(zhe)項工(gong)作(zuo)的高度重(zhong)視。制定《辦法(fa)》的根本(ben)目的，是(shi)貫徹(che)落實習近平(ping)新時代中(zhong)國特色社(she)會主(zhu)義思想，增強中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)活力和競爭力，促進中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)實現(xian)高質量(liang)發展。
中央企業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額管(guan)理，既要(yao)與國有企業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)決定(ding)機(ji)制改革的總(zong)體方向(xiang)保持一致，又(you)要(yao)充分體現中央企業自身的經(jing)營(ying)發展(zhan)特(te)點。此次出臺的《辦(ban)法》，緊扣《意見(jian)》的精神實(shi)質，切實(shi)做到了將出資(zi)人依法調控和企業自主分配有機(ji)結(jie)合。
一是(shi)明確提(ti)出(chu)按中(zhong)央企業功能定位對工資(zi)總額實行分類管理。此次改革的(de)重要創新點之(zhi)一就(jiu)是(shi)分類管理，將工資(zi)總額預(yu)算備案制(zhi)管理的(de)實施范圍，擴大(da)到全部主業處于充分競爭行業和(he)領域的(de)商業類中(zhong)央企業，由(you)企業董(dong)事(shi)會依(yi)法依(yi)規自(zi)主決定年度工資(zi)總額預(yu)算，國資(zi)委由(you)事(shi)前(qian)核準轉變為事(shi)前(qian)引導、事(shi)中(zhong)監測和(he)事(shi)后監督。
二是明(ming)確提出了對(dui)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資總額實行(xing)分級管(guan)(guan)理。國(guo)資委(wei)負責(ze)管(guan)(guan)制度、管(guan)(guan)總量、管(guan)(guan)監督，中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)負責(ze)管(guan)(guan)內部(bu)自主(zhu)分配、管(guan)(guan)預算分解落實、管(guan)(guan)具體(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)執行(xing)，國(guo)資委(wei)與中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)權責(ze)清(qing)晰、各司其職。
三是進(jin)一(yi)步完善中央(yang)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資總(zong)額(e)(e)與(yu)經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益掛(gua)(gua)鉤(gou)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)機制(zhi)。《辦法》圍(wei)繞建立健全“一(yi)適應、兩掛(gua)(gua)鉤(gou)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)資決(jue)(jue)定(ding)機制(zhi)的目標要(yao)求，進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)系列(lie)重大創新。如明(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)中央(yang)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資總(zong)額(e)(e)根據效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益決(jue)(jue)定(ding)，并按照(zhao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率調整，進(jin)一(yi)步豐富了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資與(yu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益掛(gua)(gua)鉤(gou)的內涵，全面樹立“工(gong)(gong)(gong)資是掙出來(lai)”的核心理念。再比如《辦法》進(jin)一(yi)步簡(jian)化了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)出資人根據國(guo)家(jia)要(yao)求調控企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資水平(ping)的規定(ding)，突出了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)出資人以管資本為主加強監管、簡(jian)政放(fang)權的管理導向，釋放(fang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)積極的改革信號(hao)。同時(shi)，《辦法》還明(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)企業(ye)(ye)同口徑(jing)增(zeng)人不增(zeng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資總(zong)額(e)(e)、減人不減工(gong)(gong)(gong)資總(zong)額(e)(e)的有關規定(ding)，鼓勵中央(yang)企業(ye)(ye)提高(gao)用人效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率。
四是進一步強調(diao)深化企(qi)業內(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革。《辦法》在宏觀層面完善國家、企(qi)業和職工(gong)三(san)(san)者(zhe)工(gong)資(zi)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)關(guan)系的(de)同(tong)時，強調(diao)企(qi)業作(zuo)為內(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)的(de)責(ze)任主體，應(ying)當持(chi)續深化內(nei)部(bu)(bu)三(san)(san)項(xiang)制(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革，構建形(xing)成企(qi)業內(nei)部(bu)(bu)管理(li)人(ren)員能(neng)(neng)上能(neng)(neng)下、員工(gong)能(neng)(neng)進能(neng)(neng)出、收入能(neng)(neng)增(zeng)能(neng)(neng)減的(de)市場(chang)化勞(lao)動用(yong)工(gong)和收入分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)管理(li)機制(zhi)，切實承(cheng)擔起搞好、搞活企(qi)業內(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)的(de)職責(ze)。
五(wu)是進一步強調工(gong)資總(zong)額(e)(e)管(guan)理(li)(li)的監督(du)檢查(cha)，明確界定企業(ye)的違規責任。如明確對于(yu)實(shi)施備案制管(guan)理(li)(li)的企業(ye)，出現嚴重(zhong)違反國(guo)家和(he)國(guo)資委關于(yu)收入分配有關規定的，將其工(gong)資總(zong)額(e)(e)預算管(guan)理(li)(li)方式由備案制調整為(wei)核準制，確保(bao)做到權(quan)責對等。同(tong)時，《辦法》明確將企業(ye)工(gong)資總(zong)額(e)(e)管(guan)理(li)(li)情況納入各(ge)項監督(du)檢查(cha)范圍，與審計、巡(xun)視等工(gong)作形(xing)成合力，切實(shi)保(bao)證監管(guan)到位(wei)。
總的(de)(de)(de)來說(shuo)，《辦法(fa)》較好(hao)地體(ti)現(xian)了(le)中發22號文件的(de)(de)(de)改革要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)黨的(de)(de)(de)十九大(da)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)堅持質量第一、效益優先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)理念，符(fu)合此前國有(you)企業改革座(zuo)談會提(ti)出強化正向(xiang)激勵的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關精神，符(fu)合中央關于(yu)簡(jian)政放(fang)權、“放(fang)管服”的(de)(de)(de)改革要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，對促(cu)進中央企業實現(xian)高質量發展(zhan)、推動國有(you)資本做(zuo)強做(zuo)優做(zuo)大(da)，加快培育具有(you)全球競爭力的(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)一流(liu)企業具有(you)重要(yao)(yao)意義。
問：根據新的《辦法》，中央(yang)企(qi)業職工(gong)工(gong)資總額具體如何決(jue)定(ding)？
答：《辦法(fa)(fa)》緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞建立健(jian)全“一(yi)(yi)適(shi)(shi)應、兩(liang)掛(gua)鉤(gou)(gou)”工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)決(jue)定機制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，提出(chu)中央企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預算(suan)主要(yao)按照(zhao)效(xiao)(xiao)益決(jue)定、效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)調整、水(shui)(shui)(shui)平調控(kong)三個環節決(jue)定。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)增(zeng)(zeng)長主要(yao)與企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益增(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)掛(gua)鉤(gou)(gou)聯(lian)動(dong)。《辦法(fa)(fa)》明確中央企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預算(suan)與利潤總(zong)(zong)額(e)等經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益指標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績考核目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)掛(gua)鉤(gou)(gou)，并且根據目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)程度(du)(du)確定不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)預算(suan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平，引(yin)導中央企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通(tong)過(guo)完成(cheng)高質量發展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)帶動(dong)職(zhi)工工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)合理有(you)(you)(you)序增(zeng)(zeng)長。二是(shi)(shi)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)增(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)應當(dang)根據效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平進(jin)行適(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)調整。《辦法(fa)(fa)》提出(chu)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長還應當(dang)通(tong)過(guo)人工成(cheng)本(ben)投入產出(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)、勞動(dong)生產率(lv)等指標(biao)(biao)對標(biao)(biao)進(jin)行調整，突出(chu)引(yin)導企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提高效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)管理導向，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)協調不(bu)同效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間的(de)(de)(de)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)配關(guan)(guan)系，提高企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)決(jue)定機制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)科學性與有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)性。三是(shi)(shi)注重(zhong)收入分(fen)配公(gong)平，國(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)委按照(zhao)國(guo)家有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)部門發布的(de)(de)(de)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)指導線和(he)(he)對非競爭類國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)調控(kong)要(yao)求，對部分(fen)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平偏(pian)高、過(guo)高的(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)屬(shu)于充分(fen)競爭行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長過(guo)快的(de)(de)(de)情況進(jin)行適(shi)(shi)當(dang)約束，確保(bao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)工工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平與增(zeng)(zeng)長幅(fu)度(du)(du)更(geng)加公(gong)平合理、規范有(you)(you)(you)序。同時，對中央企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承擔重(zhong)大專(zhuan)項任務、重(zhong)大科技創新項目(mu)(mu)等特殊事項的(de)(de)(de)，也明確要(yao)予(yu)以適(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)支持。
問：分類管理是當(dang)前(qian)深(shen)化(hua)國有企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革的(de)重要手段，《辦法》針對不同功能定位(wei)的(de)中央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)采取了哪些差(cha)異化(hua)的(de)工資(zi)總額監管措施(shi)。
答：《辦法》提(ti)出按(an)照(zhao)功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)對(dui)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)實(shi)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)管(guan)理。一(yi)是對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)采取差(cha)(cha)異化(hua)的管(guan)理方式。對(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于充(chong)分(fen)(fen)競(jing)爭行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)領域(yu)的商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)(lei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)算(suan)原則上(shang)全(quan)部實(shi)行(xing)備案制管(guan)理，由企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)董(dong)事會(hui)在(zai)依法依規(gui)的前(qian)提(ti)下，自主(zhu)(zhu)決定(ding)年度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)算(suan)，國(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委由事前(qian)核(he)準轉(zhuan)變為(wei)事前(qian)引(yin)導、事中監(jian)測和(he)事后監(jian)督；對(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于關(guan)系國(guo)家安全(quan)、國(guo)民經(jing)濟(ji)命脈的重要(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)關(guan)鍵領域(yu)、主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承(cheng)擔(dan)重大專項任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)(lei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)以(yi)提(ti)供公(gong)共(gong)產品和(he)服務(wu)(wu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的公(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)算(suan)繼(ji)續實(shi)行(xing)核(he)準制管(guan)理。二(er)是與(yu)國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)改革(ge)試點工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)全(quan)面對(dui)接(jie)。對(dui)開(kai)展(zhan)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本投資(zi)(zi)(zi)、運(yun)營(ying)公(gong)司或者混合所(suo)有(you)(you)制改革(ge)等(deng)試點的中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提(ti)出可(ke)以(yi)探索實(shi)行(xing)更加靈活高(gao)效(xiao)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)管(guan)理方式。三是對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)行(xing)差(cha)(cha)異化(hua)的決定(ding)機(ji)制。《辦法》規(gui)定(ding)，中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)根據功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)與(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)匹配的大原則下，選取差(cha)(cha)異化(hua)的經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)指標(biao)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增長掛鉤(gou)，尤(you)其是對(dui)于主(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于關(guan)系國(guo)家安全(quan)、國(guo)民經(jing)濟(ji)命脈的重要(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)關(guan)鍵領域(yu)、主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承(cheng)擔(dan)重大專項任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)(lei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，可(ke)以(yi)探索結構化(hua)管(guan)理方式，允(yun)許(xu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)中自主(zhu)(zhu)確定(ding)一(yi)定(ding)比(bi)例(li)的保障性(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)，與(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所(suo)承(cheng)擔(dan)特(te)殊(shu)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)和(he)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)完成情(qing)況掛鉤(gou)，促進(jin)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)現(xian)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)機(ji)統一(yi)，更好發揮各(ge)類(lei)(lei)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)發展(zhan)中的功(gong)能(neng)作(zuo)用，更好地契合了當前(qian)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)推進(jin)國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改革(ge)發展(zhan)的總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體方向。
問：請介紹國資委下一步的工(gong)作安排。
答：《辦法(fa)》于2019年在(zai)中央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)施行，此次對(dui)中央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資總額(e)決定(ding)機制和(he)管理制度體系進行全(quan)(quan)面(mian)改革(ge)(ge)，事(shi)關中央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)改革(ge)(ge)發展，事(shi)關廣大企(qi)業(ye)(ye)職工切身利(li)益，事(shi)關收入分(fen)配和(he)諧有(you)序，涉(she)及(ji)面(mian)廣、政(zheng)策性強(qiang)、影響力大。國(guo)資委將在(zai)今(jin)后一個時(shi)期(qi)，采取積極措施，統籌推進工作，確保《辦法(fa)》全(quan)(quan)面(mian)貫徹(che)落實。
一(yi)是國資委將按照《辦法》，全(quan)面(mian)部(bu)署2019年中央企(qi)業(ye)工資總額預算(suan)管理相關工作。
二(er)是(shi)加快相關配套文件的(de)(de)正式(shi)出臺。包括(kuo)《辦法》中工資決定機制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)具體實施規(gui)程、備(bei)案制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理實施方案、周(zhou)期制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理實施方案以(yi)及工資管(guan)理特殊(shu)事項清單等，將盡(jin)快研(yan)究出臺完整的(de)(de)工資管(guan)理政策體系，以(yi)利企業(ye)執行(xing)。
三是加大政策宣(xuan)(xuan)貫和培訓(xun)力(li)度。國資(zi)委將組(zu)織系列面向(xiang)中央企業的政策培訓(xun)，通過政策宣(xuan)(xuan)講、專家解讀、專題培訓(xun)等多種形式，確保(bao)各中央企業準確把(ba)握(wo)《辦(ban)法》精神實質，并推動中央企業制定和完善(shan)本企業的工資(zi)總(zong)額管理制度體系。
四是協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)推進工資分配相關配套改(gai)革(ge)。2019年，國(guo)資委將進一步深入(ru)推進中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部三項(xiang)制度改(gai)革(ge)工作(zuo)，加快推進企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建立健(jian)全市場化(hua)勞動(dong)用工和收入(ru)分配管理(li)機制，持續增強企(qi)業(ye)(ye)活力與競(jing)爭(zheng)力。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)加大出(chu)資人授權(quan)(quan)改(gai)革(ge)的同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)，加強對中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資分配合(he)規性的監(jian)(jian)督檢查，強化(hua)事中監(jian)(jian)測和事后監(jian)(jian)督，確(que)保權(quan)(quan)力放得下、接得住。
【責任編輯：李瑛】